Studia Universitatis Moldaviae. Stiinte umanistice

03-09

Authors: Джанфранко ДЖИРАУДО

This article is proposing major steps aimed at restoring the fight against alcoholism in Russia since the eleventh century until the Soviet era. Data are made with reference to the methods of struggle against this phenomenon in Russia, as well as policy on alcohol and their monopoly, public procurement and taxation, Soviet propaganda campaigns (unsuccessfully) against alcohol abuse and attempts to promote weak drink.

18-27

Authors: Andrei PROHIN

During the XV-XVI c., in the Romanian Principalities has circulated a rich literature dedicated to prophetic dreams and visions. An important category of prophetical dreams, being presented in the Byzantine and South-Slavonic sources, was the monarchic dream that anticipated the birth, the political carrier or death of the sovereign. In the historical works, such dreams could represent means of criticising or legitimating the sovereign’s power. The tradition of prophetic dreams assigned to sovereigns was continued in the Romanian area, being centred on the figures of several princes of Moldova (Ştefan cel Mare, Alexandru Lăpuşneanu, Petru Şchiopul). In contrast with dreams, that occurred while sleeping, visions took place while awake and, according to the Slavonic manuscripts from the Romanian Principalities, revealed mainly issues of spiritual life.

35-42

Authors: Sergiu BACALOV

The boyars Varzari represented an old family of nobles of the Principality of Moldova. They played an important role in the history of the Carpathian-Dnistrian territory. A few inedite archival documents highlight new aspects concerning noble family Varzari in Ecaterinoslav and Herson regions.

61-72

Authors: Иван ДУМИНИКА

The article contains analyzes of works concerning the subject. Problems are discussed thematically. Thus, the author reflected the historiographical debates on the causes of migration of Bulgarians in the late 18th century, their further life order in the south of Malorussia and the territory between Prut and Dniestr. There are presented works which reflect the popular and military colonization of the region. Are allocated the views of historical schools on the participation of the Bulgarian volunteers in royal hussar regiments and active actions hed by them during the Russian-Turkish wars. Are also reflected discussions on socio-economic development of Bulgarian immigrants. Royal legislation on the issue of Bulgarians' attracting and relocating has become one of the research problems here. There are listed severe discussions regarding the question of the first attestation of the Bulgarians between Prut and Dniester. Author presents arguments of some researchers on the issue of periodization of the Bulgarians resettlement dating from the first settlements, as well as their starting points in the Bulgarian lands. Conclusions concern problems that are poorly or not at all represented in the historiography.

80-84

Authors: Igor BERCU

Late 18th century – beginning of the 19th century was marked by a broad confrontation of forces and interests of the Great Powers in southeastern Europe. An important role in these confrontations has played Ottoman Empire and Russian Empire. Russo-Turkish War of 1806-1812 ended with the signing of the Peace of Bucharest on May 16/28 1812. Following this treaty, the Eastern territory of Moldavia, called in Jassy the territory “beyond the Prut River” was annexed by the Tsarist Empire. The new administration has taken a number of measures which were aimed at strengthening the Tsarist administration in the new acquired territory. An important part of the annexed territory previously have belonged to the so-called Ottoman „re’âyâ”, i.e. territory administered directly by Istanbul which was set up in Moldavia during the late 15th century - beginning of the 18th century. Besides the major issues that had to settle the tsarist administration, there was the issue of status of the so-called pious Muslim properties that were established on the territory of the Ottoman administrative units throughout the centuries. The methods used were simple, but highly effective. Since almost entirely Muslim population left the territory after 1812, the mosques have been transformed to Orthodox churches with the approval of the high clergy and Tsarist civil authorities. On August 21, 1813 the Tsar’s Alexander I Decree established a new „Archdiocese of Chisinau and Hotin” which legalized turning mosques into Christian Orthodox churches, the latter being one of the main methods of imposing Russian spiritual dominance in Bessarabia.

102-104

Authors: Elena ARCUŞ-JANTOVAN

La situation géographique du Galaţi a joué un rôle très important pour établir et développer des liens, non seulement au niveau national, mais aussi au niveau international. Particulièrement compte tenu de son importance économique pendant le XVIIIe siècle, par Galaţi s'effectuait une grande partie du commerce dans le bas-Danube. Avec la signature du traité d'Andrinople se produit un développement du commerce et une prospérité plus évidente en 1837 quand Galaţi est déclaré un port franc. En examinant comment se passait le commerce dans cette ville, on peut remarquer les types de pièces de monnaie qui ont été utilisés dans le commerce, compte tenu de l'instabilité monétaire qui est maintenue au XIXe siècle, jusqu’en 1867, quand la monnaie nationale devient le „leur”. Des opérations commerciales sont effectuées très intensément au XVIIIe siècle. Les voyageurs étrangères. nous offrent une information particulièrement importante concernant ces opérations (Anthoine Antoine-Ignace de Saint-Joseph, W. Chzanovski, etc.). La monnaie turque, la piastre et le para ont servi comme monnaie de calcul. Les Archives diplomatiques du ministère d'Affaires étrangères à Paris contiennent des fonds avec la correspondance commerciale du Galaţi, d'où nous pouvons tirer quel genre de pièces de monnaie ont été utilisés dans l'expression de la valeur des marchandises, parce que les prix étaient exprime en unités françaises et étrangères. On est évident que quand se réglementaient les prix, ils étaient exprimés en piastres, florins, francs, livres, etc. Ce qui d'un point de vue révèle la complexité des liens commerciaux et d'un autre point, la spéculation a été facile a cause de tous les changements dans la circulation monétaire. En conclusion on peut dire qu'en analysant le commerce de Galaţi, on peut entendre la situation générale de la circulation monétaire des principautés roumaines.

110-116

Authors: Cristina GHERASIM

In the article, based on archive documents and published monographic studies, to treat the problem of assimilation of allergenic nobles by Bessarabian nobility, having as example the polish nobles. Being strategically, located Bessarabia was of particular interest in expansion policy of the Russian Empire. For these reasons, once the territory annexed, the tsarist searched to create a social base here to support and promote imperial policy. Besides granting various privileges to the native population, especially to the nobility, the imperial administration directed an intense colonization policy of the territory between Dniester and Prut and infiltration of Russian nobles or just simple clerks of Russian origin, coming from different parts such as Poland, Austria etc. among native nobility. As a result, during the XIXth century, alongside with local boyars in the confirmation of titles of nobility, at the commission created to this purpose, were registered representatives of allergenic nobility. Analysis of the files submitted by polish nobility revealed that their noble titles were confirmed after the presentation of a certificate certifying the applicant's noble affiliation by Assembly of Deputies of nobility from Podolia. There are as well cases of refusal of confirmation of titles to the polish nobility. After several attempts, titles were still not recognized though the Assembly of Deputies of nobility from Podolia has previously accepted it. Such is the case of Cernelevski family. In December 1802, the Assembly of Deputies of nobility from Podolia confirmed the title to Andronache Cernelevski as successor of Moldavian boyar but refused it to his heirs motivating by the fact of absence of documents testify their family ties. In this situation, the Cernelevskis requested to be accepted in the odnodvorets category from Bessarabia. So once the infiltration of the allergenic people among Bessarabian nobility accomplished, this led to changing ethnic composition, russification and denationalization of this social category.

124-129

Authors: Виктор САВЧЕНКО

L’article s’intéresse à la structure sociale et aux causes de l’émergence d’un mouvement anarchiste dans le gouverne¬ment de Bessarabie de l’Empire russe au commencement du ХХ siècle, à l’action de certains groupes d’anarchistes-communistes à Chisinau et à Akkerman (Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi). L’article insiste sur les liens étroits que les anarchistes de Moldova entretenaient avec leurs amis politiques d’Odessa, en évoquant les actes de terreur politique et économique qu’ils organisaient conjointement avec les anarchistes d’Odessa.

138-145

Authors: Gheorghe PALADE

This study analyses the issues related to the activity of the school committees created in Romania at the initiative of the C. Angelescu, the Minister of Education, by the Decree-law of July 1919. Their core objective was to mobilize efforts and the means of the rural and urban population with the aim to build schools. As a result of these committees activity and due to the financial aid provided by the government, the number of education institutions increased signifi¬cantly. Thus, the number of primary schools in Bessarabiadoubledfrom1383 in the year 1918 to 2628 in the year 1940. Besides building and maintaining schools, the school committees were responsible for ensuring schools with teaching supplies and books for pupils, which is confirmed by several official requests submitted tot he Casa Scoalelor Publishing house in this respect. The school committees and the teaching staff contributed a lot to the establishing of the obligatory primary education and ensuring school attendance among pupils. As compared to the rest of the Romanian provinces, this process was more difficult in Bessarabia, where people were illiterate and ignorant as a consequence of the tsarist regime. The school committees were entitled to apply fines to pupils who missed classes. The analyzed documents show that, in many cases, committees had to reduce the school fine due to the rural population’s difficult material circumstances that occurred especially during drought years. The school committees’ activities were more efficient during liberal governments form 1922-1926 and 1934-1937, as they were truly encouraged by the Ministry of education led by C. Angelescu. Building schools was promoted during public conferences, in cinemas, in public ceremonies of awarding medals for special merits. During the se years, the provisions of the law on the obligatory primary education were complied with very strictly. The increase of the number of schools in Bessarabia, the reduction of illiteracy, the forming of peoples’ love for school was also the merit of the school committees.

159-171

Authors: Людмила БУРМЕНКО

This article considers with some aspects of the mass repressions implementation of 1937-1938 in MASSR. The author analyses the NKVD operational orders № 00447 and 00487 which became formal justification for terror. The study presents actual materials which confirm the author’s opinion about intelligentsia position selectivity. Intelligentsia was treated by the government an unreliable social element and was per sued by it in the course of any punitive company. As a result, due to the totalitarian regime intellectuals regularly expended the number of repressed citizens.

177-186

Authors: Виталие БОЙКОВ

The history of region development is closely linked to the processes of formation of the Orthodox Church on the territory of modern Gagauzia. Today, few people in the region of ATU Gagauzia (Gagauz Yeri) classify themselves as atheists or members of religious denominations that are not related to Christianity. The vast majority of the population identify themselves, in varying degrees, as the followers of Christ’s teaching. On scientific and educational level, the importance of the historical role played by the orthodoxy in the fate of the Gagauz people is generally elucidated in modern historiography. However, the history of the evolution of the Orthodox Church on the territory of modern Gagauzia remains poorly studied and requires further research. This issue looks especially topical at the background of the ideological vacuum formed in the cultural life of the regional community after the collapse of the Soviet state and its official atheist policy. The article aims to outline the main range of issues within the chosen topic and to determine the extent of its relevance in our time.

193-198

Authors: Asadi NEJMAH

The state of Israel even prior to its establishment, faces, in daily life, terrorist organizations that want to destroy it. Terrorism and terrorist acts as implied from the original meaning of the word – fear, anxiety, terror, are meant to plant fear amongst the attacked public and bring about its demoralization and confusion, and disruption of routine life. Occasionally it is performed also as an act of revenge in a blood circle of violence. A substantial part of terrorism weapons is the extensive publicity its activity gains in public, through electronic and printed media. In terrorism, a blow to the “soft stomach” of the state (civilians) is performed, with the purpose of causing the state to give in to the demands of terrorism operators. In the basis of terrorism is also an objection to the basis of legitimacy of the ruling government, in that it is not capable of guarantying the safety of its citizens and maintain public order. This article presents the attitudes and ways of operation of terrorist organizations and how Western intelligence attempts to thwart, foil and prevent these organizations from casing for destruction and victims in human lives and state.

205-209

Authors: Angela POPA

Post-Marxist theory is an alternative approach to the classical Marxist theory of socio-political phenomena and proposes, theoretically, a revision of Marxist conceptual arsenal. Methodological, it extends the analytical spectrum with new borrowed methods from psychoanalysis, structuralism and poststructuralism. The promoters of Post-Marxism are interested in understanding and explaining the mechanisms of individual subjectivity formation and in revealing the identity differences in contemporary society.

03-07

Authors: Claudia CEMÂRTAN

This article refers once again to the discussion on the existence of the verbal aspect, as grammatical category in other languages than the slave and, in particular, in Romanian. Opinions on this subject are still quite controversial, even if statements and arguments to support the presence of this category were exposed – including Romanian linguistics – since the middle of last century. Accepting the idea of grammatical syncretism and in case of verbal aspect expression in Romanian language and clearly defining the aspect aria of reference, it is concluded that the Romanian language has the aspect as verbal gram¬matical category, associated with the grammatical category of the tense, and Romanian temporal forms of the verb is clearly delimited in two series – one with the perfective aspect and the other with imperfective aspect.

12-20

Authors: Elena JUNGHIETU

Each national language fix in its lexical inventory the unique social and historical experience of a nation concretely, for whose representatives are essential and significant some objects, events, activities etc. This meaning is subject to specific lifestyle and national culture of this community. From this point of view, comparative study of behavioral verbs of the two languages - Romanian and Greek – is particularly topical because especially those verbs of behavior are reflected specific values of the given nation: nature of human relationships, the individual attitude toward the natural and social environment, towards to work etc.

28-31

Authors: George RUSNAC

In approaching to the linguistic universals discovered almost two decades ago (the law of segments expression rotation and the law of meanings sinestezic changes), the author makes firm attempts to identify the close link between the units of the Romanian lexico-semantic system, therefore to shape the etymology of these units, being a new structural approach to the issue.

39-42

Authors: Elena VARZARI

Winged Greco-Latin words have always been a source of expressivity for writers. More recently, bloggers use them to express in compressed form implicit meanings and to initiate language games with their readers. Affirmation, capturing attention, mitigation sarcasm are some of communicative intentions of the authors of virtual texts when making use of famous sayings from Antiquity.

47-50

Authors: Ludmila ZBANŢ

This article mainly deals with the academician Nicolae Corlateanu’s views relating to the function of language in the historical and social dimensions. These aspects have a direct repercussion on matters of the literary translation, analyzed in various contemporary translation studies.

60-64

Authors: Oxana CREANGA

Coherence is one of the basic structural and pragmatic principles of textual organization. Contemporary literary narratives display a range of strategies and narrative techniques that defy the canons of coherence and preclude the comprehension of the text. Drawing on an interdisciplinary approach that combines text linguistics, cognitive and narrative concerns, the study reviews the principles of text coherence, i.e. the standards of time, intention, goal, causality, thematic unity and continuity, and focuses on the levels, subtypes and degrees of coherence in the flash story “Haircut” by Lydia Copeland. It explores the impact of narrative aspects and categories, such as achrony, fragmentariness, types of discourses, and narrative situation, on the reader’s mental contribution in perceiving local and global coherence in the course of interpreting the narrative. Finally, it argues that establishing coherence in flash texts relies on the receiver’s cooperativeness and narrative implicature, his/her background knowledge and ability to detect ellipsis, retrieve contextually relevant information, and draw inferences.

69-76

Authors: Tatiana CIOCOI

The article reflects the changes produced in the western contemporary mentality through the concept of the traveler (homo viator). The notion of traveler is approached in wide cultural meaning as a discoverer of unknown worlds, explorer, navigator or adventurer of every type of knowing, that represents the fundamental feature of the occidental man. The absolute prototype of this cultural model is represented by Ulysses, the hero of Homer’s Odyssey. The concept of “travel” offers thus a transverse vision upon the evolution of the occidental literature whose irradiant centre – the tension of knowing – discussed the problems of the most varied forms of travel and traveler. The history of the western novel is followed over centuries and literary epochs in order to observe which way the perception of travel has been modified, and alongside with it, the occidental spirituality as well. The contemporary vision on travel is analyzed on the basis of Michel Houellebecq’s novel „The map and the territory” (2010).

83-86

Authors: Владимир НОСОВ

Sergei Yesenin’s aesthetic views formed through whole his bright, but very short creative life. In his youth he was in influence of popular songs, in his early poetry are strong religious motives. He was pupil of Kluev, went through the school of imagism, and build his own system of views on literature and art.

91-95

Authors: Alina SLOBODANIUC

According to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages oral expression or oral production is a relation between the transmitter and receiver accompanied by an oral production in a given/defined context. We will try to present in broad lines the oral expression, its specificity and characteristic forms, insisting on the application practices of different didactic expository and interactive techniques and procedures as the exposé , lecture, brainstorming, pyramid, mosaic and others as well as the competence the student is motivated to acquire.

100-105

Authors: Eudochia SAHARNEANU

Postmodernism, which opened in the early 60s, recognizes the traumatized, alienated human existence. In a society characterized by „total acceptance of the ephemeral, fragmentation, discontinuity and chaotic” human identity is de-centered, deconstructed, devalued. Main coordinates to place the process of post- modernization of the concept of man am: seeking subjectivity individual psychoanalysis and theories of language, hypertechnologization society. Their analysis will show how each contributed to the shaping of anthropological postmodern relativism.

114-118

Authors: Svetlana COANDĂ

The given article is dedicated to studying the conceptions of the great Romanian thinkers from the XIX-XX centuries: Mihai Eminescu, Titu Maiorescu, Constantin Radulescu-Motru, Constantin Noica, Lucian Blaga, Mircea Eliade; concepts about the complex human essence and destiny, the mentality of the modern man, the tendency to be saved from the dread of history, the system of values that profile the specificity and the meaning of life and of the activity of the modern man. The study offers arguments that the reflections and the conclusions of our prominent precursors about man as a unity of the profane and the sacred, as a creator of culture and values remain actual and important to the contemporary instructive-educational process.

126-134

Authors: Alexandru LUPUŞOR

The present article has as a goal the analysis of the epistemic status of the anthropology of religion raised up on the explanation and interpretation of the forms of religious experience. The study exposed in this article tries to describe and, finally, to legitimate the hermeneutical and phenomenological approaches as indispensable methods for anthropological research of religious experience.

143-148

Authors: Lyubov SHEREMET

The article is dedicated to the consideration of sport activity under the perspective of social philosophy, with special attention given to core values of the contemporary sport manifested particularly by the Olympic movement. It is argued that the main intellectual source of the Olympism is the translation of liberal ideology into the sphere of sport, with the idea of dialogue as a norm of interpersonal relation serving as a pivotal in socio-cultural foundations of the contemporary Olympic movement. The current crisis of sport is described in the paper in terms of further commercialization and professionalization that corrupts its immanent original ideal used to manifest the humanistic and universal values of sport for all the humankind in general. The contemporary market economy is demonstrated as the one which has transformed sport into means for achieving business success, individualistic ‘record’ prestige and anthropological representation. It is stated that the denoted trend could be opposed by the humanization of sport, its main criterion being the role of the dialogue: sport is humane as far as it is discursive. The author argues that to preserve discourse in sport is to perform the task for humanism movement best defined by the principle ‘sport for human person, and not human person for sport’.