Studia Universitatis Moldaviae. Stiinte umanistice

03-06

Authors: Sanda-Maria ARDELEANU

Notre travail focalise sur la dynamique linguistique à partir du terme de francophonie et de son évolution sémantique et morphologique. On constate que le socio-culturel laisse ses empreintes d’une façon déterminante sur la terminologie francophone.

11-25

Authors: Ludmila ZBANT

The problem of etymological doublets occupies a less discussed place in the specialised literature focused on the issues of terms formation and functioning. Perhaps this is explained by the fact that we refer to an aspect mostly cha¬rac¬teristic of Roman languages, the etymological doublets being, somehow, a product of a double borrowing (at different histo¬rical times), most frequently from the Latin Greek (or another language), having as a starting point a common lexical etymon which forms an inherited lexeme (popular formation) and a borrowed one ("savant" formation). Sometimes both forms may be borrowings from other third languages. In this article, we were particularly interested in the termino¬logical and translational context of the functioning of the etymological doublets in French and Romanian languages as well as the problems arising from the specialized translation with the participation of such lexicon.

33-39

Authors: Ma’moun ALSHTAIWI

La terminologie s’est généralement focalisée sur les unités de nature nominale ainsi que sur les relations entre celle-ci (genre-espèce; partie-tout). En effet, le verbe a été relativement rarement pris en considération en terminologie, en raison d'un modèle terminologique mal adapté à la prise en compte d’unités lexicales de nature prédicative (le verbe notamment). Nous nous proposons de décrire le verbe spécialisé ainsi que ses déverbaux, souvent oubliés dans le dictionnaire et la banque terminologique. Les unités décrites sont des verbes issus du corpus composé de documentations relevant du domaine des sciences et techniques spatiales.

46-52

Authors: Sergiu LUPAŞCO

Despite the fact that the term Children’s literature seems to be self-evident, we still attest the coexistence of a large number of synonymous terms used to refer to this notion. This article presents a multilingual study that explains the origin of the terminological synonymy and the chronological evolution of certain concepts referring to the notion of children's literature, demonstrating that some terms that many specialists consider to be synonymous, are, in fact, not, while other terms, even if designating one and the same notion, have not exactly the same conditions of usage and can not substitute each other in a perfect manner. Therefore, it would be better if those terms were regarded as variants. Also, the article pinpoints that children's literature is regarded as a sort of sub-literature and the problem of youth reading as a minor matter, a fact that finds its reflection in terminology as well.

59-72

Authors: Sonia BERBINSKI

Notre hypothèse de travail est que l’antonymie se présente comme un phénomène qui transgresse le niveau de la composante phrastique, en s’installant dans la composante discursive. Elle nous apparaît comme une relation qui se manifeste à plusieurs niveaux de structuration du langage, depuis le niveau lexical jusqu’au texte, en passant par la phrase et par le discours (l’énoncé). La problématique de l’antonymie dans les langages de spécialité consiste dans le fait que le niveau de la langue actualise assez rarement des oppositions dans ce domaine. Ce qui doit être pris en considération, c’est justement cette composante discursive qui permet l’apparition des oppositions antonymiques, non-actualisées en surface par des lexèmes, mais justifiables au niveau des prédicats sémantiques subsistant en profondeur. Les divers mécanismes qui peuvent engendrer cette relation (négation polémique, oxymore, antiphrase) facilitent la production des antonymes entre des termes de spécialité.

80-85

Authors: Larisa CEBUC

L’objectif de cette recherche est d’observer la réalisation du terme de polyphonie sous l’impacte de la traduction. Nous entamons par une étude de sa présence lexicographique. Puis il suit une exposition succincte de l’évolution du terme suite à l’introduction d’un nouveau sens métaphorique par M. Bakhtine. L’environnement propice des années 60-70 pour l’introduction et la mise en valeur de la l’œuvre du théoricien russe a révélé l’imminence de sa traduction dans plusieurs pays. Celle-ci lui a assuré une ouverture vers des sciences à tendance continue de définir et rendre opération¬nelle la notion de polyphonie. Nous annonçons simultanément la multitude de débats survenus à cause de l’accès réduit au texte-source ou des altérations et reformulations douteuses survenues lors de la traduction vers le français. Pour exemplifier nous proposons une brève étude d’un nombre de difficultés de traductions vers les langues française et roumaine. En guise de conclusion nous faisons un état de lieux du succès du concept et de la pratique de polyphonie dans l’espace roumain et moldave.

90-97

Authors: Yasmine ADIB

Ce travail de recherche présente les stratégies d’apprentissage du français langue étrangère et examine les liens entre stratégies et acquisition d’une compétence générale. Cette étude met en relief l’apport majeur des données issues de la psychologie cognitive qui nous renseigne sur les mécanismes qui permettent à l’apprenant d’acquérir, d’intégrer et de réutiliser des connaissances. Aussi, nous expliquons comment les données de la psychologie cognitive nous éclairent sur la nature de l’apprentissage. Le but fondamental de la mise en pratique des stratégies d’apprentissage et de promouvoir l’autonomie de l’apprenant. Il convient de signaler que les stratégies d’apprentissage désignent un ensemble d’opérations mises en œuvre par l’apprenant pour acquérir, intégrer et réutiliser la langue cible. L’apprentissage du français langue étrangère peut être vu comme tout autre processus de traitement de l’information: d’abord, l’apprenant sélectionne et saisit les éléments nouveaux d’information qui lui sont présentés, ensuite, il traite et emmagasine cette information dans sa mémoire. Enfin, il la récupère afin de la réutiliser.

103-106

Authors: Alina BUŞILĂ

It is well known the fact that the Romanian language spoken in the Republic of Moldova undergone many transfor¬ma¬tions during the times, especially due to the Russification process which caused the creation of linguistic bastards at all levels: phonetic, morphological, lexical, etc. Legal terminology also had very much to suffer because of incorrect gram¬matical and syntactic forms, language inaccuracies, calques, borrowings and ungrammatical transliterations/transcripti¬ons, for instance: ”camera de chibzuire” (today we use the term camera de deliberări), ”judecătorie norodnică”, „judecată tovă¬răşească” (the current form - instanţă de arbitraj), „socotelile între părţi”, „prestaţiune corelativă”, „se datoreşte culpei”, „încunoştiinţarea despre anularea procurii” or „sunt persoane juridice […] care funcţionează pe bază de hozrasciot”, „publicitatea dezbaterilor judiciare”, „soluţionarea chestiunilor”, etc. These terms were valid and used in legal documents, moreover, they had been treated as linguistic normality. Even though the legal language, as other specialized languages, means eloquence, pristine and precise utterance, the memory of the past still dominates the Moldovan legal language through examples as: speluncă (Organizarea ori întreţinerea speluncilor pentru consumul sub¬stanţelor narcotice sau psihotrope – Article 219, Criminal Code of the RM) or samavolnicie (contravenţia de samavolnicie – Article 335), etc. That is why, this articles has several aims: to describe the process of legal terms formation during the period of 1950 – 2015 from Moldovan Soviet Socialist Republic until today; to identify the means used by these words to enter the voca¬bulary, and to describe the dynamics of these terms by confronting tradition with innovation, linguistic norms with their use. The linguistic material was selected from the Civil Procedure Code of the MSSR from 1965 and 1983, the Civil Code of the MSSR from 1964 and 1986, and the relevant codes which are current in 2015.

113-116

Authors: Ina SÎTNIC

In this article, we aim at presenting the role of the mutual-assessment method as a component of the modern evaluation and a key-element that contributes to the encouragement of students participation in the act of learning oral translation, the better appraisal of the results of their activity and, implicitly, the development of oral translation competences. The subject is treated in terms of the analysis of a popularization article from the domain of the protection of environment.

121-123

Authors: Galina PLEŞCA

The article deals with the study of the scientific language as a literary language subsystem, the aim of which is to identify its general characteristics. The scientific language addresses the reason and logic, reasoning being its basic characteristic feature and its function of rendering scientific and utilitarian information based on logical and deductive reasoning is the dominant one and serves the purpose of informing and educating, basic pillars of any scientific text.

128-131

Authors: Victoria CRAVCENCO

EU legislation covers all areas of human life and activity. Most legislative acts are translated into all the languages of the member states. Various EU institutions periodically publish glossaries, practical, methodological and stylistic guides to ensure correct interpretation and use of the EU legislation terminology. But what would be the right solution in case of collaboration between two countries, one of which is a member state of the European Union and the other one is not? Will it be right to use the terminology of Romanian legislation in case of the Republic of Moldova? What to do if some concepts or terms do not coincide? Is it right to use several synonyms in the same document? We have decided to study a corpus of EU legislation, in particular that of Romania, as compared with Moldovan legislation and some US laws in order to observe the difference between the terms used. This paper includes some practical recommendations which can be used for quality assurance in translation, as well as in managerial activities, decision-making, preparation of official documents, and staff training. Special attention is paid to work on bilingual or multilingual parallel corpora of official texts which we call reference documents. The suggested approach is an example of best practice which allows finding up-to-date standardized terminology and legal definitions of the main terms, the right understanding of which is crucial.

137-145

Authors: Eugenia DODON

The article refers mostly to semantic disagreement between words. Based on selected examples from publicistic style, the most frequent cases of semantic restrictions between components of a word combination are analyzed (determined and determinative). It deals with some unacceptable combinations, most often, between noun and adjective, between verb and noun. It also highlights the cases of improper substitution of words with their synonyms.

161-166

Authors: Viorica MOLEA

Different conditions of evolution determine the specific of language used in the Romanian space. Thus, while the Bessarabia was under the massive influence of Russian language, the changes occurring in language bore the mark of several degrading processes for her oral and written substance. These changes carried greater significance in what concerns the oral aspect. In this article we reveal some differentiating aspects of the language spoken in Bessarabia, consequences of the long Russian presence in the region, as well as some reflections, conclusions on the topic.

170-175

Authors: Ana GHEORGHIŢĂ

Le roman de référence de Stendhal „Le Rouge et le Noir” met en évidence une tendance nommée „beylisme”, par l’intermédiaire de laquelle le personnage central, Julien Sorel, reprend, dans une certaine mesure, les caractéristiques de la personnalité stendhalienne. Situé à la frontière entre le Romantisme et le Réalisme, celui-ci représente un héros controversé, d’un côté étant doué de qualités exceptionnelles, comme l’intelligence, la beauté, la ténacité, la volonté et l’ambition saine, mais de l’autre côté étant dominé par une haine profonde envers ses contemporains. Victime d’une combinaison chromatiqu44e fatale (le rouge symbolisant la carrière militaire et le noir – celle ecclésiastique), Sorel projette lui-même sa mort.

181-186

Authors: Irina TULBU

Into Bessarabian culture, Giacomo Leopardi’s work penetrates later than into western- European countries. This fact is due to the leopardian poetry sense complexity, as well as to the lack of familiar with Italian language translators and of formation italienists. In the present study, we propose to follow the road covered by Leopardi’s work in Bessarabia at the level of translations, as well as of scientific studies.

193-198

Authors: Dan VEREJANU

The author achieves a comparison between the poetry and poetic art of Lucian Blaga, as well as in the case of Grigore Vieru. It is pointed out some similarities regarding the theme and motive, like destiny, „perpetuity that was born in the village”, love as complex state (longing), dialogue with God, the spring and the dwell, the dream and the sleep, the light and the dark. The influence of Blaga is analyzed at stylistic as well as at the visionary levels. Grigore Vieru descends in the underground area of the human spirit, giving an expression to the abyssal, a term on which Blaga meditates in his philosophical masterpiece (especially in The Trilogy of culture). The author sees a deep impression of the Blaga model on Grigore Vieru’s aphorisms, gathered under the title Motion in infinity. The lyrical and philosophical speech is combined in an organic way, forming the lyrosophy.

205-210

Authors: Зоя ШВЕД

The article deals with the peculiarities of culture and religion in the interpretation of religious studies. The author considered the role of the religious factor in the process of formation of the ethno-religious genesis. Established are the provisions of the indivisibility of religious and socio-cultural factors in the functioning of national communities. The author argues that the ignoring of cultural and religious components in the process of understanding the phenomenon of national identity makes it impossible to imagine the entire idea of nations. It is proven that Judaism is the main criterion for identification of the Jew with the Jewish community in the terms of Orthodox Judaism. In this context, the concept of Jew and Judaism are synonymous.

218-223

Authors: Alesandru DUŢU

All three major wars attended Romania after forging modern nation state (1859) were carried coalition wars with or against the biggest powers of the world at that time. Despite the ideas sought to promote the image of ,,warrior” and „imperialist” Romanians, which would be prepared in the interwar period to attack their neighbors to kidnap territories, historical reality, based on documents, deeds and actions undeniable, reveals the truth that the only permissible war, in Romanian military doctrine as legitimate national interests, was the war to defend national unity, to defend territorial integrity. As a result, military conventions that initiated or which joined Romania had a defensive character, consistent with the principles of foreign policy and the international provisions. But, in the international arena, Romania was gradually isolated, especially after the division of spheres of interest in Eastern Europe between Germany and the Soviet Union. Since June 1940, Romania has not targeted goals annexation of the occupied territories which do not belong.

233-238

Authors: Людмила БУРМЕНКО

The social and political situation in MASSR in 1932-1934 when a company was held to find the class enemy during starvation us considered in this article. The author notes that the authorities, in such a way, tried to shift their responsibility for all the mistakes in socialist construction. A part of the intelligentsia being charged with sabotage at the cultural front occurred to be among «the enemies» of the MASSR.