Studia Universitatis Moldaviae. Stiinte reale si ale naturii

8-16

Authors: Vladimir ȘEPTIȚCHI, Ana LEORDA

As a result of a comprehensive analysis of literature, it was revealed that the enzymatic antioxidant systems, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT), have a quantitative and qualitative effect on both physiological and morphological characteristics of spermatozoa. Currently, many aspects of the effect of enzymatic antioxidants on the structural and functional parameters of sperm are insufficiently studied and debatable, however, numerous studies have established that enzymatic antioxidants in varying degrees, both when taken orally in infertile men, and in conditions of freezing, defrosting and cold storage of sperm, contribute to a decrease of LOPs and increase the spermatozoa content in the ejaculate, decrease hypoosmotic swelling, decrease the plasma membrane, the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes and the acrosomes of spermatozoa damage, increase their mobility and vitality, as well as kinetic parameters, decrease DNA fragmentation, contributing to an increase in its integrity, a decrease in chromatin cross-linking, to base pair modifications and chromosomal microdeletions.

26-31

Authors: Rodica MARTEA, Luxița RÎȘNOVEANU, Ion GÎSCĂ, Steliana CLAPCO, Maria DUCA

Orobanche cumana is a major problem for sunflower agroecosystems for more than 100 years. It infested crop worldwide, causing damage to sunflower development and essentially affecting quantitative productivity parameters (root system length and leaf area, plant height, caladium diameter, total achene weight per plant) and seeds quality (oil yield and quality, protein and fat content of seeds). The present study was focused on the evaluation of some productivity indices (1000-seeds weight, hectoliter mass) in sunflower experimental hybrids cultivated in the field naturally infested with broomrape. As a result, strong negative correlations between 1000 seeds weight and intensity of broomrape attack, as well as sunflower yield and number of O. cumana attachments per host were found.

38-42

Authors: Maricica COLȚUN, Alina BOGDAN

This article presents the results of a study on the species Elsholtzia stauntonii Benth., an aromatic and medicinal plant, introduced and little investigated, but valuable from an economic point of view. The research aimed at the evaluation and characterization of this species from a botanical, phytochemical and agrotechnical point of view, in order to determine the biomorphological features, the composition and content of essential oil, as well as the primary elements of cultivation, respectively. The essential oil has antibacterial, antiviral, astringent, carminative, diuretic and somatic action. Its subtle aroma, is similar to the balsamic smell of lemon, which determines the value of using elsholtzia. It has high potential as an ornamental and melliferous plant. The research highlighted the high adaptive potential and the prospects of cultivation under the new climate and soil conditions, contributing to the widening of the assortment of aromatic and medicinal plants, which could constitute a source of raw material for aromatherapy, perfumery, phytotherapy and gastronomy.

48-52

Authors: Tatiana TANACHI, Ion ROȘCA, Elisaveta ONICA, Alina CUTCOVSCHI-MUȘTUC

The article describes the peculiarities of growth, development and perspective of use in landscaping of 4 varieties of Berberis thunbergii DC.: `Maria`, `Green Cloud`, `Red Torch`,` Dart`s Red Lady`. The Berberis L. genus collection within the National Botanical Garden (Institute), which totals 5 species and 24 ornamental allochthonous taxa. The introducers, researched by Berberis thunbergii DC., `Maria`, `Green Cloud`, `Red Torch`,` Dart`s Red Lady`, are resistant to drought, frost, noxious substances and do not require special care, only training cuts and compliance technology throughout the growing season. The investigated shrubs are decorative in early spring by the yellow color of the flowers, the abundance of flowering, flower density, fruit per vine 20 cm long, as well as in early summer by the shade of foliage, shape and size of the habitus, fruit, various fruit color, abundance of fruiting, long period of flowering and storage of fruit on the plant. It is recommended for use in landscaping in the foreground green spaces in small groups, in edging mixtures and for hedges of different heights.

60-63

Authors: Anatolii MOGÎLDA, Anatolie GANEA

This work was performed according to the data obtained in the experimental and laboratory field during three years of study. Thus, some quantitative parameters were evaluated for the late and late medium sesame genotypes in the collection. It was found that the most productive medium late samples are: L1 (7.9 g) and Iubileinii (8.9 g) compared to the Cadet standard (7 g). In the case of late samples – Liano (9.5 g), Dulce (8.2 g), Serebristii (8.9 g) and Zalt Sadovzri (7.8 g) proved to be the most productive compared to the Cadet standard. (7 g), Also, from the productive samples Manjurschii ulucisennii (56.3%), Zalt Sadovzri (56%) and Liano (56.3%), an oil content close to the Cadet standard (57%) was recorded.

72-80

Authors: Maria MELNIC

The article exposes data about the changes of biologically active substances – the amount of dry mass and water, protein, proteinogenic amino acids, which occur in potatoes of the Romano variety, infested by D.destructor Thorne 1945, in the initial phases of ditylenchosis, compared to the uninfested ones. Qualitative and quantitative variations of bound amino acids (AA) from the potato tissue, as well as from D.destructor body (males, females, larvae, eggs), also the percentage distribution of AA by functional groups were determined. It was determined that in the researched material (non-infested, infested potatoes and the body of D.destructor) there are 20 proteinogenic amino acids specific for plants, with the dominance of Asp+Asn and Glu+Gln, and the minimum amounts belong to amino acids with sulfur content – Cis and Met. In the infested tissue, the amounts of each investigated AA are higher, compared to the uninfested one, especially Asp+Asn – 2.2 times, Glu+Gln – 2 times, Tre – 2.2 times and Ser – 2.4 times, while the amount of AA is 1.8 times higher. One of the causes of the changes in the content of biologically active compounds investigated in the infested Romano potatoes, being the presence of D.destructor populations in the analyzed tissue with a major density – 1.3-1.4x10 3 units/gram tissue.

87-92

Authors: Ștefan RUSU, Maria ZAMORNEA, Dumitru ERHAN, Ion TODERAȘ, Nicolai BOTNARU, Viorelia RUSU, Galina MELNIC

The study was aimed at establishing the endoparasites fauna in gallinaceous birds from the central zone of the Republic of Moldova that allowed revealing high levels of infestation with diverse parasites belonging to the following classes: Trematoda – 3 species: Echinostoma revolutum (Fröhlich, 1802), Prosthogonimus ovatus (Rud.,1803), Prosthogonimus cuneatus (Rudolphi, 1809); Cestoda – 5 species: Davainea proglottina (Braun, 1900), Raillietina tetragona (Molin, 1858), Raillietina echinobothrida (Megnin, 1880), Echinolepis carioca (Magalhaes, 1898) and Choanotaenia infundibulum (Bloch,1779); Secernentea – 8 species: Capillaria phasianina (Kotlán, 1940), Capillaria obsignata (Madsen, 1945), Capillaria annulata (Molin, 1858), Heterakis gallinarum (Schrank, 1788), Ascaridia galli (Schrank, 1788), Acuaria hamulosa (Diesing, 1851), Singamus traheia (Montagu, 1811) and Trichostrongylus tenuis (Mehlis, 1846), and Conoidasida class –12 species: Eimeria uzura (Tsunoda and Muraki, 1971), Eimeria bateri (Bhatia, Pandayand Pande, 1965), Eimeria coturnicis (Chakravarty & Kar, 1947), Eimeria necatrix (Johnson, 1930), Eimeria acevulina (Tyzzer, 1929), Eimeria maxima (Tyzzer, 1929), Eimeria colchici (Norton, 1967), Eimeria duodenalis (Norton, 1967), Eimeria phasiani (Tyzzer, 1929), Eimeria meleagridis (Tyzzer,1927), Eimeria adenoeides (E. Mocre and Bromn, 1951) and Eimeria numidae (Pellerdy, 1962). The gallinaceous birds inhabiting natural systems are more frequently infested with multiple parasites from Secernentea class: Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum, Acuaria hamulosa and less frequently – with Cestoda and tramatodes, and the Conoidasida class is predominantly presented by Eimeria species: Eimeria coturnicis, Eimeria duodenalis as well as Eimeria acevulina.

98-101

Authors: Vasile TODIRAȘ, Svetlana PRISACARI, Angela LUNGU, Maria IACOBUȚĂ

On the territory of the Research Institute for Field Crops "Selecţia" (ICCC "Selecţia"), was studied the reaction of some soybean varieties (Aura, Enigma, Indra) approved in the Republic of Moldova, which were treated with the bio-preparation of "Rizolik" microbial origin and its influence on grain yield and quality. It has been established that the biopreparation acts differently on the growth, development and productivity of plants. The highest effect from to seed treatment with the preparation "Rizolik" was obtained in the variety Indra with a grain surplus (+210 kg/ha compared to the untreated control), and the highest protein content was in the treated varieties Indra and Aura (39.3%, respectively 39.5%). Thus, the biopreparation "Rizolik" can be successfully used for stimulating the productivity and quality of the soybean crop.

107-113

Authors: Лолита МЕЛИЯН, Людмила КОРЛЭТЯНУ, Виктория МИХЭИЛЭ, Анатолиe ГАНЯ, Сильвия РОТАРЬ

The article is devoted to the analysis of the effectiveness of accelerated aging (AA) method to assess the shelf life of durum wheat seeds. The use of AA aging method, which consists in incubating seeds for 72 hours at high humidity (90-100%) and air temperature (430C), allows you to adequately simulate the impact of adverse factors that play a decisive role in the aging of durum wheat seeds. Cluster statistical analysis of such important morphophysiological parameters as seed germination, average seedling root length, crude and dry root biomass and electrolyte leakage predicting terms of specimen long-term storage in the plant genetic bank.

121-126

Authors: Serghei CORCIMARU, Vasile TODIRAȘ, Svetlana PRISACARI, Ina RASTEMEȘINA

The ability of soybean and vetch plants to stimulate the degradation of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) in soil was tested in the vegetative experiments under laboratory conditions. It was shown that the presence of LDPE strips in the soil had no toxic effects on both plants, and that, in the case of soybeans, it stimulated the plant growth. It has been shown that soybeans and vetch can stimulate the degradation of LDPE depending on the particularities of the soil and the presence of plant growth stimulating factors. The vetch plants were relatively more effective in stimulating the LDPE degradation under the conditions of the unpolluted soil, collected from the forest of the Orheidistrict. Soybean plants were relatively more efficient under the conditions of the polluted soil, collected from the landfill near Slobozia-Dușca, and caused the highest LDPE degradation (2.3% in 39 days) – in the variant with seed bacterization by Rhizobium japonicum RB-06. The ability to ensure a significant degradation of LDPE, under the toxic conditions of the real polluted soil, highlighted the perspectivity of soybean plants for the development of phytoremediation procedures of lands polluted by non-recyclable plastic and other contaminants.

132-137

Authors: Viorica GLADCHI

The current state of global warming calls for expanding general knowledge, as well as the knowledge about the regional specifics of climate change. Emerging from the analysis of the current situation regarding the phenomenon of climate change, the current study represents a comparative analysis of the climatic factors that were recorded at the weather station in Chisinau in 2011 and 2021. Comparative analysis of data on temperature, atmospheric precipitation and wind direction in the years 2011 and 2021 confirms the existence of changes in the state of the weather on the territory of the municipality of Chisinau.

144-149

Authors: Olga GARBUZ, Nadejda RAILEAN, Igor GOSTEV, Anna RUSNAC, Ion TODERAȘ, Aurelian GULEA

Three new compounds were synthesized: thiosemicarbazone 2-acetylpyridine H2L, chlor (thiosemicarbazone 2-acetylpyridine) dicopper(II) (1) and (thiosemicarbazone 2-acetylpyridine) dicopper(II) nitrate (2) which potentially possesses antiproliferative properties toward cancer cells. Doxorubicin (7-[4-amino-5-hydroxi-6-methyloxan-2-il]oxi-6,9,11-trihydroxi-9-(2-hydroxiacetyl)-4-metoxi-8,10-dihydro-7H-tetracen-5,12-dion) was used as the reference anticancer compound and Trolox (acid 6-hydroxi-2,5,7,8-tetramethilcroman-2-carboxilic) was used as the reference antioxidant compound. The tested compounds demonstrated a high antioxidant effect against ABTS•+ radical cations than interaction with Trolox. The tested compounds showed general toxicity on Daphnia magna after 24 hours of exposure with a deter¬mination of decreasing string. The experimental data indicated the prospects for further search for selective anticancer substances with high antioxidant activity and low toxicity among tested compounds.

159-171

Authors: Ana POPUȘOI

In this work, we refer to the study of recent specialized literature, where some syntheses methods of chalcone deri-va¬tives are described. These substances show a very pronounced anticancer activity, having a protective action in the cellular system. They present interest due to their biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cytotoxic and antihistamine properties, etc. These important biological properties are the basis of the current research intended to obtain them synthetically. The bibliographic data refers to the synthesis of 1,3-aryl (heteryl) propenones, which are described in several reviews. The main focus is on the synthesis methods of chalcones, which allow us to obtain pure reaction products, short reaction time and high yields. Also, synthesis methods with the use of solid-based heterogeneous catalysts are described, which, in turn, are very active, durable and more economical and can be used for three synthesis cycles, without significant loss of catalytic activity. The synthesis methods studied were: aldol and crotonic condensation, Claisen-Schmidt reaction, Suzuki reaction, coupling of alkynes with aldehydes, microwave irradiation, etc.

182-189

Authors: Владислав БЛОНСКИ, Виорика ГЛАДКИ, Максим ЧИСТЯКОВ

The influence of transition metal ions (Cu(II) and Fe(III)) and water mineralization on the intensity of glutathione photochemical transformations on model systems was studied. It was established that the presence of Cu(II) ions contributes to the increase of the thiol photolysis rate by 3.8 times (kf=(3,90±0,10)·10-4s-1), and the presence of Fe(III )  8.5 times (kf=(3,32±0,09)·10-4s-1) compared to non-irradiated catalytic systems, where in the system with Cu(II) ions the photolysis intensity is kr=(1,02±0,07)·10-4s-1 and, respectively, kr=(0,39±0,06)·10-4s-1, for the system with Fe(III) ions. It was established that the mineralization of waters, conditioned by HCO3- ions, contributes to the substantial increase in the photolysis rate of glutathione (kf=(1,14±0,02)·10-3s-1). It was established that the macrocomponents of water, expressed by HCO3- ions, at basic pH values, contribute to the inhibition of the formation of free radicals, with the generation of other forms with a lower activity, among which the radical CO3.-.