European Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology

296-302

Authors: Temitayo M Azeez, Lateef O Mudashiru, John T Oladeji and Adeola J Adebiyi

Equal Channel Angular Extrusion (ECAE) is the process of subjecting bulk of metal to Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD) which led to the production of fine grain of that metal in larger quantities. The existing lubricants for this process are organic based and as a result scarce, expensive and not environmental friendly. Hence there is need to investigate alternate inorganic lubricant that can replace the organic ones. Therefore the major focus of this report based on improvement of the mechanical properties of aluminum conditioned to ECAE using jatropha oil as inorganic lubricant for the process. Aluminum alloy bar was annealed at 3500C for 1hr, machined and cut to billets size of 11.95mm x 11.95mm x 40mm. these specimens for extrusions were machined to the specified dimension. The billets were extruded through ECAE die of 12 x 12mm2 channel cross-sectional area, the channel angle was 300. The punch and container used for the experiment were made of tool steel alloy AISI D2. Two lubricants that were varied for the process include; jatropha oil and kleen mould for inorganic and organic lubricant respectively. The yield, ultimate tensile strengths (UTS), ductility and grain refinement of the material extruded with jatropha oil as lubricant, which gave the least extrusion pressure, produced the maximum yield, ultimate tensile strengths, ductility and best grain refinement and can effectively replace the organic lubricants used in forging operations.

312-316

Authors: Anil K. Bansal, Ritu K.Gupta, Renu Upadhyay and Shikha Sahay

The complexes of Cu+2, Ni+2 and Co+2 with terpenoids derivatives (L) have been prepared. The reaction of Cu+2, Ni+2 and Co+2 with terpenoids derivatives were carried out in stoichiometry. For this purpose essential oils were obtained from plants. Essential oil which is called volatile oil, these were obtained from various plant materials just like flowers, seeds, buds, barks, twiks, herbs roots, fruits, and wood, are natural aromatic and complex oily liquid and composed maximum of terpenes, in comparison to some other nonterpene component. The complexes were studied on the basis of physico-chemical and spectral data and stability of these complexes was evaluated by techniques such as conductometry, potentiometery, spectral studies of complexes, elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility measurements

322-327

Authors: Rugved Hattekar, Sammed Ghongadi, Aaron Lopes and Prof. Priyanka Deshmukh

Context: The increased utilisation of vehicles and carelessness has resulted in increased road accidents and hence deaths. Therefore there is a need to enhance the safety of driver, passengers and all the associated people. Objective: To design and develop real time red colour and distance detection with the help of MATLAB and ARDUINO platform respectively. Research Methodology: - Identify the different needs from practitioners. Identify different alternatives to satisfy the needs. Select the best alternative and develop the model. Validate the design through prototype. Conclusion: The proposed system can be utilised in any vehicle. Reduction in the occurrence of accidents is achieved with the solution which is cost effective with respect to functionality. Impact on Technology: Enhances driver and vehicle safety as compared with the conventional system, by preventing the occurrence of accidents.

333-343

Authors: Vaibhav A. Kalhapure and Dr. H. P. Khairnar

Brakes are the automobile component plays an important role respect to safety and in performance of automobile. According to the crash report of automobiles about 22 % of crash occurred due to the failure in brakes. This Paper discusses the wear mechanisms and wear modelling techniques in brake surface for increasing the effectiveness and preciseness with the influence of different operating conditions. The surface topography of brake pad interface at various stages and wear mechanisms of brake is studied and summarized. The wear models analysed for studying the numerical modelling techniques of brakes contact surface interaction, which was beneficial to improve life and performance of brake. The influence of operating parameters like contact temperature, pressure and sliding velocity on surface interface behaviour of different brake materials were summarized and analysed. Studies conclude that there was rapid process of wear with increasing temperature and formation of new layer on the brake surface due to heat which changes the tribological surface behavior and slow process wear with increase in pressure. The braking performance have complicated influence of wear due to that the perfect prediction of brake surface interaction and operating parameter influence is necessary to minimize the effect and improves the life, safety, reliability and performance of braking system.

350-354

Authors: Ashtosh Kumar Singh, M. G. H. Zaidi, P.L.Sah and Rakesh Saxena

Ferrite basically is a compound composition of iron and metal oxides. The both oxides are electrically nonconductive and ferromagnetic, it signify that they can easily magnetize or attracted towards magnet. Based on their magnetic coercivity magnets are classified into hard and soft magnets. In this classification hard ferrites has high coercivity and soft ferrite has low coercivity. They also classified on the bases on crystal structure. Those ferrites are garnet, spinel, Ortho-ferrite and hexagonal ferrites. Theses ferrites are used in transformer and to make core in electronic industry. Ferrites are similar to ceramic materials and they are hard, brittle and poor conductors. Most of the ferrites contains structural site such as dodecahedral (c sites), tetrahedral, octahedral sites. Most of the ferrite has low cost, very stable and hard to demagnetize because of these properties they are found much suitable in microwave applications.