European Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology

10-14

Authors: Syed Amjad Ahmad, Anas Ahmad, Ahmed Butt and Taimoor Waqas

The objective of this research is to study the performance of the cooling towers and the factors affecting this per-formance and hence improving its efficiency by applying various methods the conducted research dealt with meas-uring performance parameters like temperature and flow rates of air and water in and out of the tower during a specific period. Then these measured parameters were evaluated and compared to ideal design data. Various methods were studied for performance improvement such as using rotating type aluminium packing, introducing water spraying louvers, using ceramic type packing etc. Declination in the efficiency is attributed to many reasons. Some of these reasons are due to negligence of routine cleaning and maintenance, dusty conditions, formation of deposits, failure of any mechanical parts... etc. Many suggestions have been presented in this study to improve the situation and hence the efficiency of the cooling towers which hopefully is expected to increase the performance of the cooling tower.

22-29

Authors: Younes Bourass and Saoudi Taibi

Topological analysis based on graph theory, has the merit of revealing the relevant properties of the structure of a network system.In this working paper, the topological analysis is used to analyse the structural properties of the project risk network. The main idea here is that the risks faced by a large infrastructure project are not independent but are often interrelated and can evolve by propagation, whence their structuration in network. Therefore, the appeal to the network theory is not trivial but is a significant development in the field of research on the analysis and management of project risks. The aim of this study is to identify critical risks and interactions among risks with regard to their roles in the network. This will provide valuable information that complements the traditional analysis based on the evaluation of the likelihood and impact of risks. The originality of this work manifests itself, particularly, through the application of topological analysis in the field of project risks management, and the adaptation of indicators of network theory, in particular, the indicators of connectivity, interface and betweenness centrality.The application on a real complex engineering project allows us to validate the usefulness and feasibility of the proposed approach.

37-41

Authors: Syed Amjad Ahmad, Umair Muneer, Saifullah, Mohsin Jamshed, Hafiz Saad Abdullah

The word Solar in the title of the project has key importance because our main aim to develop this project was to introduce such a refrigeration system which could utilize the solar energy instead of electricity.Besides solar en-ergy,the system could also be run on waste heat from engines,turbines etc.As sun is the ultimate source of energy and can be found everywhere in the universe and especially Pakistan is one of those countries where there are maximum number of sunny days per annum.The rural areas where there is inadequate electricity can be easily benefitted with such a refrigeration system. We have tried our best to make the system as efficient as possible by using Titanium Nitride Oxide coating to enhance the absorbing capacity of solar collector.Styrofoam has been used to increase insulation.This system can easily be used by the tourists during camping stay far away from home.The working process is very simple with three fluid systems namely water as an absorber,ammonia as a refrigerant and hydrogen as a pressure regulating gas having its currents within the evaporator and absorber. Water after absorbing ammonia is moved to the generator with the help of a bubble pump where heat is given to the mixture from the solar collector. After heating, ammonia is separated from water because of its low boiling point and moves to the condenser where heat is extracted from it and is sent to the evaporator. In the evaporator the overall pressure of ammonia and hydrogen is divided causing faster evaporation of ammonia in the evaporator by achieving low boiling point and causing cooling. The work illustrated deals with the design, fabrication and testing of the aforementioned concept. The system was operated on a sunny day, the collector fluid temperature and cabin temperatures were monitored. The obtained results have been tabulated and the C.O.P and tonnage of the refrigerator were also computed.

46-51

Authors: Aqeel Ur Rehman, Arshad Ahmad, Amjad Ahmad, Arslan Hayat and Ahsan Badr Khan

Thermoelectric devices convert temperature gradient to electric voltage, and vice-versa. With the rising awareness about global warming and the scarcity of fossil fuels, these devices recently drew worldwide attention. Thermoelectric devices have emerged as promising power generating source from waste heat without burning any extra fuel. Due to this green feature and distinct advantages, the thermoelectric technology is instrumental in designing simple, compact and environment friendly system for harnessing waste heat emitted by automobile exhaust. The project is based on an array of thermoelectric modules which convert thermal energy into electricity for the purpose of charging small batteries etc. During this research, an assembly of thermoelectric modules is tested at various RPMs of the engine and several temperature gradients with a goal of proving its effectiveness in producing current for electrical parts running in an automobile. The research data proved that their current conversion efficiency is technically and economically practical for small applications.

62-67

Authors: Ashish Shrivastava and Gitesh Vijay

An assembly line is a manufacturing processor simply a progressive assembly in whichthe components are added as the semi-finished assembly moves from workstation to workstation where the parts are added in sequence until the final assembly is produced. By mechanically moving the parts to the assembly work and moving the semi-finished assembly from workstation to workstation, there may arises a problem of sudden stoppage of assembly line due to failure of some machine parts because of many reasons.In this research task,an effective algorithm for avoidance in the assembly line stop-page is designed and implemented using ant colony and firefly approach to get the root cause of stoppage of assembly line and thereafter a comparative study is done to find out the better approach among them.