European Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology

1-10

Authors: Kamaljeet Singh and K Nagachenchaiah

Microstrip realization of beam forming network integrated with dual-band antenna array on silicon substrate is presented. Design and implementation of broad band topologies of hybrid and phase shifter are discussed and further integrated to realize wideband 4× 4 Butler matrix. Proposed wideband Butler matrix is used to realize single-band and dual band antenna architectures on silicon substrate. Design aspects, detailed simulation and measured results of both are detailed.

16-22

Authors: Nandkumar M Shetti, Sahana Nair and N H Ayachit

An entirely new technique has been designed to couple the advantages of both the microstrip patch antenna and rectangular waveguide. Patch antenna consists of two patches, one radiator patch which faces outside, and the other faces mouth of the rectangular waveguide. Antenna parameters like return loss, gain, bandwidth, polarization and radiation pattern were studied in detail by changing geometrical features of antenna like length of patch facing waveguide side, by varying the feed point distance that is the distance from the corner of rectangular patch to centre of the circular patch, by different orientation of circular patch from the corner of rectangular patch where it is connected to radiating side circular patch through PTH(plated through hole),by placing the patch on different points on the rectangular patches. The obtained results were discussed in detail and explained. In part 2 detail mathematical analyzing steps were discussed. In part 3 moment’s method along with its application to waveguide coupled microstrip patch antenna discussed In this paper a new mathematical tool is worked out which explains the observed the return loss graph effectively. This tool is called effective fringing area method. First we considered here waveguide coupled Microstrip patch antenna as the parallel load comprising of four elements .Along with this observed return loss graph and radiation pattern graph is provided.

33-37

Authors: Goldi Soni and Jyoti Singh

According to the constitution of India justice is an important part in which a consumer justice and protection is one subpart. There are number of legislations were passed by the Indian Parliament but they fail to protect the interest of small consumers. In the Consumer Protection Act, 1986 was passed, to protect the interest of the consumers. The objective of this research paper is to develop knowledge database for determining jurisdiction type of consumer cases as per as Indian law as well as to generate next level knowledge database to determine the type of services opted or item purchased by the consumer which will help in further solving of consumer cases.

43-47

Authors: Vishal Singh Chandel, Mohd. Shafi Khan, Rajiv Manohar and Satyendra Pratap Singh

The present paper discusses the comparative dielectric constant and dielectric loss of black pepper and white pepper within frequency range 10 kHz and 10 MHz and temperature between 300C to 510C. Impedance gain/phase analyser (HP 4194 A) was used to measure the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss and Julabo (temperature controller, F-25, Germany) was used for keeping the temperature of black pepper and white pepper seeds constant. It has been found that dielectric constant and loss is decreasing with the increase in frequency while the same are increasing with increase in temperature and moisture content.

54-60

Authors: Karnveer Singh and Rajneesh Talwar

This research paper investigates the Ergodic capacity of MIMO-OFDM system in Rayleigh Fading Channel to increase the Ergodic Capacity of the system. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is multicarrier modulation technique for transmission of signals over wireless channel. OFDM, using multiple sub carriers divides the available spectrum into number of sub orthogonal sub channels. Multiple input multiple outputs (MIMO) using multiple transmitting and receiving antennas for high data rate transmission with limited bandwidth are used. OFDM is combined with MIMO to increases the capacity of the system. MIMO-OFDM is popular technique for high data transmission because of usages of multiple carriers. One of the challenging problems of OFDM is Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR). In this it has been attempted to minimize the value of PAPR so that Ergodic Capacity of the system increases. For Reducing the value of PAPR we have used Coding Technique Low Density Parity Check Coding (LDPC).Further analysis by using 64 QAM with LDPC, using this Quardature Amplitude Modulation Spectral Efficiency increases. For investigating the systems performance Matlab has been used, mostly focusing on four Parameters Ergodic capacities, Signal to Noise Ratio, Bit Error Rate, Number of Transmitting Antennas. This will allow future wireless system to have high data rates. By reducing the number of guard bands the spectral efficiency can be increased in future.

69-73

Authors: Saad Al-Sabbagh and Ali H Majeed

Using a vacuumed spray method, Zinc Oxide has been synthesized in a vacuum at a room temperature with different thicknesses. Absorbance and transparency have been studied as a function of wavelength variation before and after annealing the samples. Peaks have occurred at different wavelengths. Energy gap variation of the same samples has been examined with wavelength variation, Eg has been dramatically reduced as wavelength increased, its best value was 1.95 eV at 700 nm. Annealing has no abrupt change on energy gap.