International Journal of Engineering and Techniques

6-14

Authors: - S.Anuradha , M.Yegammai

we have investigated heat and mass transfer in a steady two-dimensional magneto hydrodynamic viscoelastic fluid flow over a stretching vertical surface with nth order chemical reaction. The two-dimensional boundary-layer governing partial differential equations are reduced to ordinary differential equations by using Nactsheim-Swigert shooting technique with sixth order Runge-Kutta iteration Method. e ordinary differential forms of momentum, energy and concentration equations obtained by local similarity transformation are highly nonlinear. The effects of different flow parameters like magnetic field parameter, Prandtl number, buoyancy parameter, Soret number, Dufour number on velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are plotted and discussed numerically and graphically. we have investigated heat and mass transfer in a steady two-dimensional magneto hydrodynamic viscoelastic fluid flow over a stretching vertical surface with nth order chemical reaction. The two-dimensional boundary-layer governing partial differential equations are reduced to ordinary differential equations by using Nactsheim-Swigert shooting technique with sixth order Runge-Kutta iteration Method. e ordinary differential forms of momentum, energy and concentration equations obtained by local similarity transformation are highly nonlinear. The effects of different flow parameters like magnetic field parameter, Prandtl number, buoyancy parameter, Soret number, Dufour number on velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are plotted and discussed numerically and graphically.

24-35

Authors: - A. Johnson Samuel , M. Murugan

The electronic structure and the ground state properties of fluoroperovskite compound NaZnF3 in the orthorhombic and cubic phases has been studied by means of self- consistent Tight Binding Linear Muffin - Tin Orbital (TB-LMTO) method. The NaZnF3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic structure at ambient condition and at high temperature it crystallizes in cubic structure. The total energies for the subjected compound were calculated as a function of reduced volume for both orthorhombic and cubic structure. The calculated total energies as a function of volume were fitted to the Birch EOS to obtain the ground state properties. The calculated ground state properties of these compounds are in good agreement with the experimental results. The total density of states and the band structure of NaZnF3 were calculated and are plotted at ambient pressure as well as at high pressure. Between the two structures, orthorhombic structure is found to be stable phase. Cubic NaZnF3 is found to be an indirect bandgap insulator with gap occurring between Γ − R points. Whereas orthorhombic NaZnF3 is found to be a direct band gap insulator with gap occurring at Γ - points.

55-61

Authors: - Dr. G. Sudhakar , Swarnalath.G , Vijayakumar,G , Dr. V.venkatarathnamma

Green roofs and façades are passive techniques and add more benefits not only for reducing the energy demand of buildings, but also for providing environmental benefits, In recent year’s global problems such as pollution and climate change are very dangers to the life, due to over consumption of resources and deforestation, in the developing countries like India, this has been change the climatic conditions, The impact of urban development on the natural environment generates unique challenges to us, and seeking passive design strategies in hot and humid climates it can change by applying the green and sustainable buildings as a trend of current development concept, this may help to prevent from extensive building heat gain, reduce the energy, including visual relief, and improving air quality. Hence, practising green wall technology is still new despite its great benefits. This paper attempts to reduce energy consumption in buildings by adopting passive cooling strategies in the sustainable urban to achieve the aim of the study and create awareness in the public

68-74

Authors: - R.Ravikumar, J.Ramesh Kumar

Nymble, a system in which servers can blacklist misbehaving users, thereby blocking users without compromising their anonymity. Our system is thus agnostic to different servers’ definitions of misbehavior servers can blacklist users for whatever reason, and the privacy of blacklisted users is maintained. In pseudonymous credential systems users log into Web sites using pseudonyms, which can be added to a blacklist if a user misbehaves. Anonymous credential systems employ group signatures. Basic group signatures allow servers to revoke a misbehaving user’s anonymity by complaining to a group manager. Anonymizing networks such as Tor allow users to access Internet services privately by using a series of routers to hide the client’s IP address from the server. The success of such networks, however, has been limited by users employing this anonymity for abusive purposes such as defacing popular Web sites. Web site administrators routinely rely on IP-address blocking for disabling access to misbehaving users, but blocking IP addresses is not practical if the abuser routes through an anonymizing network. As a result, administrators block all known exit nodes of anonymizing networks, denying anonymous access to misbehaving and behaving users alike. a secure system called Nymble, which provides anonymous authentication, backward unlinkability, subjective blacklisting, fast authentication speeds, rate-limited anonymous connections, revocation auditability that is the users can verify whether they have been blacklisted, Nymble thus represents a practical solution for blocking misbehaving users of anonymizing networks. The user must first contact the Pseudonym Manager (PM) and demonstrate control over a resource; for IP-address blocking, the user must connect to the PM directly. We assume the PM has knowledge about Tor routers, and can ensure that users are communicating with it directly. Pseudonyms are deterministically chosen based on the controlled resource, ensuring that the same pseudonyms always issued for the same resource.

78-83

Authors: - R.K Jaya kumar, T.Ashokkumar

Cooling system in an automotive vehicle plays an important role in the engine performance. It dissipates excessive heat and maintains the performance of an engine at an optimum level. Size of the radiator mainly depends on heat load and availability of space. In this paper, an attempt has been made to examine the performance of radiators namely copper, aluminium and Cuprobraze employed in various commercial vehicles. Specifications of copper radiator and validation of numerical analysis were identified. After modifying the material properties of a radiator, performance analysis have been carried out using fluid flow software, which is fully integrated in solidworks for computing fluid flows. The result obtained from the analysis is commendable and this method may be taken as an effective approach for the prediction of heat transfer in radiators. Though aluminium has noted to perform better than copper and Cuprobraze, but it has limitations such as irreparability, non recyclability. This paper proposes an alternative solution for existing aluminium radiator with suitable cuprobraze radiator to provide required cooling effect to the engine, thereby overcoming the drawbacks of the radiator

86-95

Authors: - A.Chandran

Throughout the world, the disposal of used tires is a major environmental problem causing environmental hazards such as breeding ground for mosquitoes, producing uncontrolled fire and they are contaminating the soil and vegetation. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify alternative outlets for these tires, with the emphasis on recycling the waste tire. Concrete is an excellent structural material and considered as essential for the modern civilization and human society. Now, the use of waste tires in concrete has become technically feasible and the concrete is being considered as light weight concrete. This study reviews the feasibility of using waste tires in the form of chips with different sizes in concrete to improve the strength as well as protecting the environment. In this study, we outline the use of rubberized concrete in structural and non-structural members and show how it is suitable for the concrete, its uses, barriers and benefits to future study

93-97

Authors: - K. Uma , V.Sowmya , S.Gowri

Automatic wheelchair cum bed with voice control mechanism for paraplegic patients is an innovative idea in the field of rehabilitation. For precise control and accurate movements, the joystick and voice control mechanisms are used by the patients. Voice controlled movement will be extremely helpful to someone who might lack the physical ability to move both their legs. The wheelchair can also be customized as a bed by stretching it. This will help the paraplegic patient to lie down without an auxiliary support. The hardware set up will provide the necessary mechanical movements like forward, left, right and height. By means of ultrasound sensor, the obstacle can be detected and displayed on the LCD. The patients with paraplegia find it very difficult to sit continuously in the same position as it can develop back pain and muscle cramps. Thus as a preventive measure, a massaging system for the lumbar region is incorporated in this wheelchair.

98-105

Authors: - Nikhil Bhandari, Shivinder Devra, Karamdeep Singh

The need and demand of mobile and internet is increasing every day. Creation of technology and evolution of mobile industry has been initiated by mobile industry since early 1970s. First generation only provided voice communication facility, whereas second generation provided voice as well as data services. Further with more advancements in mobile wireless technology 3G provided us with video conferencing and etc. With increasing demand 4G came into existence and provided us with ultra-broadband internet access. 5G will be able to provide us facilities that one has never experienced till date. Our diversity of culture also plays a crucial role for this tremendous growth of mobile technology as they adopted this technology in friendly manner

108-115

Authors: - Sreedhanya.S , Chhaya.S.Pawar

Person authentication is one of the main concerns in industries as well as in the academics because it is used in these area for various application such as Computer security, banking enforcement, law enforcement physical access control etc. Biometrics is basically referred as the unique behavioral and psychological characteristics of human which can be used for distinguishing the individuals and hence can be served as one of the optimum solution to this problem.In this thesis, inner knuckle surface and its pattern are used for developing a system for person identification. A database of the finger knuckle containing 7920 samples collected from 660 individuals that is publicly made available by the Hong Kong Polytechnic University is used in this work. Radon transform is used here to extract the features of the inner knuckle surface as it is most widely used for detection of lines and crease. A database of these extracted feature is prepared and various techniques of classification is used for classifying these pattern and hence identification of person. Comparison has also been made between various classification technique to find out the most accurate identification

116-121

Authors: - ChandrakiranSahu, Prof.YogeshRathore

Person authentication is one of the main concerns in industries as well as in the academics because it is used in these area for various application such as Computer security, banking enforcement, law enforcement physical access control etc. Biometrics is basically referred as the unique behavioral and psychological characteristics of human which can be used for distinguishing the individuals and hence can be served as one of the optimum solution to this problem.In this thesis, inner knuckle surface and its pattern are used for developing a system for person identification. A database of the finger knuckle containing 7920 samples collected from 660 individuals that is publicly made available by the Hong Kong Polytechnic University is used in this work. Radon transform is used here to extract the features of the inner knuckle surface as it is most widely used for detection of lines and crease. A database of these extracted feature is prepared and various techniques of classification is used for classifying these pattern and hence identification of person. Comparison has also been made between various classification technique to find out the most accurate identification.

122-134

Authors: - France O. Akpojedje, Emmanuel C. Mormah, Solomon, O. Idu , Reuben Ishiekwene

The cost of transformer losses and manufacturing can be minimized if transformer cost optimization is carried out when designing and producing. Transformer design, cost optimization and lifetime estimation are complex tasks that need technical know-how to be carried out accurately. This paper presents parametric design analysis, cost optimization and lifetime estimation of a three phase, 300kVA recycled electric distribution transformer. The recycled transformer has efficiency of 97.14% with maximum load efficiency of 96.98% and 3.68% of total power losses. The research work will be relevant to transformer designers, network operators, power engineers, field workers, researchers, Lecturers and students, as it exposes the transformer design analysis and calculations, cost optimization, lifetime estimation of transformers and their parametric models.

135-139

Authors: - S.Sam Sundar , Mrs.S.Mercy , S.Shiva Priya

The purpose of this experimental study is to know the behaviour of beam when openings such as pipe holes are made at the compression zone of the RC beam. The pipe hole are made as a passage for electrical wires, water pipeline etc., This can be generally adopted for multi-storey buildings. Usually while providing the openings in the beams, the distance at which the openings to be provided are not considered, at that point that failure loads increases. In this study, the required size and position of openings are considered to reduce the failure of the beam. This study deals with the behaviour and ultimate strength of sisal fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) deep beams with and without openings in web subjected to two- point loading, four concrete deep beams of dimensions 1500mm×300mm×150mm thickness were tested to destruction by applying gradually increased load. Simply supported conditions were maintained for all the concrete deep beams. The percentage of sisal fiber was varied from 0 to 2.The influence of fiber content in the concrete deep beams has been studied by measuring the deflection of the deep beams and by observing the crack patterns

140-145

Authors: - E Vijay Kumar , Dr Bhoopendhra Singh ,Dr Sanjeev Gupta

Multilevel Inverter has gained popularity in high power and voltage applications such as electrical power transmission and grid integration of renewable energy source. achieve higher voltage level with low harmonics and without requiring higher ratings of individual devices. In this paper, three modulation strategies based on a Multicarrier level shifted PWM and third harmonic Injected reference has been implemented; the aim of this paper is to compare these three strategies to know their effect on the output voltage quality of the inverter. The strategies are: Third Harmonic Injected reference In Phase Disposition ( Injected reference Alternative Phase Opposition Disposition ( reference Phase Opposition Disposition ( clamped Multilevel inverter under different operation conditions and different Modulation schemes. The study has been implemented via simulation using MATLAB/Simulink

146-158

Authors: - Priyanka V. Patil ,Vikram. A. Mane

Communication via speech is one of the essential functions of human beings. Humans possess varied ways to retrieve information from the outside world or to communicate with each other. Three most important sources of information are speech, images and written text. For many purposes, speech is more efficient and convenient way. Speech not only conveys linguistic contents, but also communicates other useful information like the mood of the speaker.In speech communication systems the quality and intelligibility of speech is most important for easy and accurate exchange of information. In realistic listening situations, speech is often contaminated by various types of background noise. The presence of background noise degrades the quality as well as intelligibility of speech.This degradation of speech by noise creates problems not only for just interpersonal communication but more serious problems in applications in which decision or control is made on the basis of speech signal. So, there is need to develop a new method for speech enhancement which will improve quality as well as intelligibility of the speech. This paper presents method of speech enhancement by using Ideal Binary Mask. This is a simple method for enhancing the speech with the objective to eliminate the additive noise present in speechsignal and restore the speech signal to its original form with improved quality as well as intelligibility of

154-159

Authors: - Divya Parambanchary , V.Malleshwara Rao

In wireless communication maintaining QoS is a very challenging issue .In heterogeneous environment WiFi & WiMAX technologies are integrated together. Integrating different technologies such as WiFi,WiMAX ,3G,4G,5G focuses to provide users with better (QoS)and seamless mobility.QoS is determined by throughput, end to end delay, jitter and packet loss. In any integrated heterogeneous network ,the user requirements are wide coverage, high bandwidth and access cost should be low. Proposed work uses Machine level algorithm as an intelligent technique to collaborate WiFi and WiMAX in heterogeneous environment. Due to dynamic operating system designers, Q algorithm eliminates the redesign of the existing network. It also maximizes the network utilization and also helps to design various machine learning results for various applications.

164-171

Authors: - D.sowmya , Dr.S.Madhavi , K.Vijaya kumar

Todays world the amount of data being generated is growing exponentially and use of internet is also increasing it leads to handle lots of data by internet service providers. MapReduce is one of the good solutions for implementing large scale distributed data application[21]. A MapReduce workload generally contains a set of jobs, each of job consists of multiple map and reduce tasks[21]. Map task executed before reduce task and map tasks can only run in map slot and reduce tasks can only run in reduce slot[21]. Due to that different job executions orders and map/reduce slot configurations for a MapReduce workload have different performance metrics and different system utilization[21]. Make span and total completion time are two key performance metrics. In [21] they proposes two algorithm for these two key metrics, The first class of algorithms mainly focuses on the job ordering optimization for a MapReduce workload under given slot configuration and the second class of algorithms perform optimizationfor slot configuration for a MapReduce workload.

172-176

Authors: - Ana-Petrina Paun , Alexandra-Elisabeta Lorincz , Marius-Nicolae Risteiu

The imposition by standards and norms of insulation resistance measurement becomes one of the most important tests of electrical safety. These tests are required to prevent any accidents caused by electrical shock, equipment damage or trigger fires. The method of testing the insulation resistance of an equipment, transformer, motor or cable is to measure the resistance that must be below the normative values. Management of network costs with this equipment and networks without it(e.g. [1]).

183-186

Authors: - Jaedaa Abdulhamid , Prof. T.V.K.Bhanuprakash , Prof. P.V.J. Mohan Rao

Due to increasing awareness of negative impacts of emissions of NOx on public health and the environment, IMO has issued stringent rules to reduce NOxemissions from marine vessels.Tier III is the most stringent standard where around 80% NOx reduction efficiency is required. In order to satisfy these rules, NOx abatement technologies were developed and SCR is considered one of the most effective and promising methods to meet such regulations.In the current work, SCR system is fitted to a medium speed marine diesel engine and UWS is centrally injected from 6-hole nozzle positioned 5D upstream of SCR entrance. Two different types of static mixers are installedupstream of SCR entrance namely blade mixer and flapper mixer to investigate their effect on two parameters namely urea conversion efficiency and uniformity index (UI).Four different configurations are investigated and compared to each other'sas listed in table 1. These four cases are researched at three different exhaust gas velocities. Results revealed that the best urea conversion efficiency is achieved when both mixers are installed with a value of91.7%, while flapper mixer resulted in 10.86% higher urea conversion efficiency over the blade mixer. The reason behind this is due to the bigger contact surfaces between exhaust gas flow and flapper mixer, more ammonia and flow come in touch with each other's leading to better mixing quality.UI increases along with urea conversion and the maximum value achieved is 92.8% at 8.3 m/s when both mixers are installed. On the other hand, flapper mixer achieved 91.9% UI which is 2.79% higher than that achieved by blade mixer.At smaller exhaust velocities, higher UI and higher urea conversion efficiency are achieved due to more residence time which enhances mixing and chemical reactions

194-198

Authors: - Ojas M. Govardhan

Depleting fossil fuels at a drastic rate has encouraged many research enthusiasts to find an alternative source of energy to run the vehicles. To achieve substantial increase in fuel economy and reduced emissions, a concept of hybridization has set its way in 21st century. A HEV (hybrid electric vehicle) combines energy generated from multiple sources like diesel-electric, fuel cell-battery, gasoline-fly wheel. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of hybridization concept, classification of HEV and degree of hybridization.

214-220

Authors: - V. Deepadharsini , VR.Nagarajan

Secure Routing is a fundamental networking function in all communication system, even multi-hop wireless networks are no exceptions. Attacking the routing service, an adversary can easily paralyze the operation of an entire network. In this research paper aims to present an enhanced Secure Distributed Path Detection (SDPD) Algorithm to prevent the black hole attacks in multi-hop networks. The proposed methodology consists of two important mechanisms, Multipoint Point Relay (MPR) and Shortest path routing. The SDPD is used to select the multiple shortest paths and secure protocol used to transfer a message to destination without packet drops. The path selection is adopted to find the maximum Connection Probability between any given source-to-destination pair in a dynamic way. Through extensive simulations and verification proposed framework achieves extensively better detection accuracy than conventional methods.