Journal of International Network Center for Fundamental and Applied Research

17-24

Authors: Nicholas W. Mitiukov

There is a publication of the L.D. Moiseeva’s memoirs about his father, captain of the Izhevsk steamer “Svoboda” D.G. Baygarov from the collection of unannotated manuscripts of the National Library of the Udmurt Republic (formerly the V.I. Lenin’s Library). The memoirist probably borrowed information about his father’s birth from a book in memory of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, and in fact the future captain of the ship was born in the village of Karmanovo. It is noteworthy that in the documentation the captain of the ship is referred to as Baigurov, or even as Bangurov. So in the award documents of the Supreme Council for the awarding of the medal "For Valiant Labor during the Great Patriotic War," he is Baigurov, while his son is Baigarov. This circumstance is due to the rarity of the surname on the territory of Udmurtia and the frequency of its writing in handwritten form. There was probably a mistake in the issued official documents, for example, passports. Thanks to the professionalism of the captain, the steamer “Svoboda” was the only ship on Izhevsk Pond, operated almost half a century without serious downtime, for some periods being the only large ship in the entire water area. In general, it should be recognized that D.G. Baigarov is probably one of the most outstanding workers in the water transport of Udmurtia.

32-45

Authors: Artyom Yu. Peretyatko

Unrests of 1870s in the Ural Cossack Host have repeatedly attracted attention of researchers. However usually they were viewed purely in consideration with local specifics and relationships between Ural Cossacks and imperial government. Meanwhile similar, though lesser in scale unrests took place in 1860s in the Don Host. This paper undertakes an attempt to compare the processes that occurred among Ural Cossacks in 1860−1870s with analogous processes amidst Don Cossacks, as well as determine the impact of reformist designs of the Ministry of War on these processes. Author comes to a conclusion that the events of those years in Don and in Ural advanced not only by similar scenarios, but largely in parallel. However, the strongest outbreaks of discontent befell on different chronological intervals, in 1862−1863 and 1873−1877 accordingly. However, the strongest outbreaks of discontent befell different chronological intervals, in 1862-1863 and 1873−1877 accordingly. Nevertheless, this too is explained by resemblant situation arising in precisely that periods in the administrations of Don and Ural Cossack Hosts: the post of ataman both here and there was temporarily fulfilled by people sympathizing to Cossack conservatives, to the so called « kazakomans».

76-82

Authors: Nicholas W. Mitiukov, Roman W. Lapshin

In the 1913−1914 by the order of the Ministry of Railways, the Votkinsk plant built four steamships of the “Ural”-class: “Ural”, “Altai”, “Ermak”, and “Katun”. All of them were repeatedly renamed, having worked as a result until the 1960-s. Meanwhile, despite the fact that operational information about these vessels is quite common and is found in many publications, apparently, there are no reliably reconstructed biographies of all four vessels. On the basis of river registers and ship lists, it was established that the “Ural” after the revolution became № 191, in 1928 she again “Ural”, was decommissioned in April 1964, “Altai” after the revolution № 189, after 1928 “Kommunar”, was decommissioned in September 1963. “Ermak” after the revolution № 188, for 1928 “Baikal”, was decommissioned in 1962, “Katun”, after the revolution № 190, for 1928 “Novosibirsk”, was decommissioned in December 1964.

62-77

Authors: Alexey N. Grebenkin

This article presents the attempt to carry out a comprehensive scientific analysis of the history, development and activities of special services and state protection units in ancient Greek city-states and Ancient Rome. Speaking about the Ancient Greek special services, the author focuses on the fact that the creation of full-fledged structures responsible for the safety of policies and their inhabitants was impossible due to organizational and financial reasons caused by the small size of city-states. That’s why the set of special services was reduced to Scythian police units in Athens which were existing for a limited time period. The active military policy and a permanent tension of the inner life in Ancient Rome led to the creation of numerous special services (frumentarii and speculatores, agentes in rebus), which were created for the most part as the structure of the army, but quickly gained the function of political investigation. Besides, in Ancient Rome the important role was played by the bodies which provided public order (vigils and city cohorts). The development of state protection bodies in Ancient Greek city-states was closely connected with the institute of tyranny. Tyrant surrounded himself with troops of the guard, who, in addition to purely security and executive functions, carried important political meaning. At the same time, the practical side of the activities of security agencies has never been put completely in the background. This is evidenced by the fact that the protection involved both physically developed and nimble winners of the Olympic games and well-trained military formations (hippies in Sparta, the Sacred Band of Thebes, Agema in Macedonia). The security guard service of Ancient Rome also invariably involved military units: celeres in the Roman Kingdom, ablecta in the Roman Republic, the praetorians and auxillia palatina in the Roman Empire. In addition, representative and security tasks were solved by special civil servants (the lictors). The specificity of political relations in the Roman Empire turned the praetorians from a security structure into a drive belt of state coups. This is the clear illustration of the inadmissibility of politicization of security units.

88-99

Authors: Liubov B. Vnukova

The article is devoted to summarizing the results of an online survey of students of the Southern Federal District’s universities. The survey's purpose was assessment of innovation awareness and objective conditions that enable development in this area. 2900 students from eight universities located in Russia's Southern Federal District took part in an online survey which was conducted in September-October 2018. A decision was made to divide assessment of potential into several blocks. First of all, respondents were asked directly what they consider innovations, which famous innovators they know (being offered to choose from demonstrated photographs of Steve Jobs, Mark Zuckerberg, Elon Musk, etc.). Also they were asked where students get information about innovations from, what innovation-oriented events they are ready to spend their money on and what innovative projects in their cities they are aware of. Particular attention was paid to scientific activities of students as a source of innovation. If a student had already decided what he or she would do after receiving a diploma, he or she was offered an additional set of questions titled “Employee profile” or “Entrepreneurial profile”. Students vaguely understand the essence of the concept of innovation, although they demonstrate active interest in this topic. The overwhelming majority are not focused on engaging in innovative processes. About 10 % of students have relevant potential due to their having some knowledge and a steady intention to link their labor activities with innovations.

10-22

Authors: Nicholas W. Mitiukov, Anatoly N. Loshkarev

To determine the volume of production of the shipbuilding workshop of the Votkinsk’s plant during the First World War, the number of orders was reconstructed. Based on the documentation of the plant and the graphic documentation of the Votkinsk’s Technical Bureau, the order numbers were determined, after which their table was compiled, the empty cells in which were filled based on logical analysis. As a result, a table was obtained with order numbers from No. 248 to No. 393. The received content was used to analyze the effectiveness of the Votkinsk shipbuilding during the World War I. The article was prepared with the support of the Comprehensive Program of Basic Scientific Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, No. 18-6-6-38.

38-50

Authors: Denis G. Yanchenko

The historiographical review briefly describes the main contemporary studies on governmental policy with regard to the outskirts of Russia in recent decades on the eve of the collapse of the monarchy. The Far East, the colonized Manchuria, Central Asia, the Caucasus, the Western Territory and the Baltic provinces were “problematic” regions in concepts of imperial administration. Direct interaction between administrators on the outskirts, the Government and the society (from 1906 represented by the State Duma) until 1917 was complicated by unresolved economic and socio-political problems. The lack of professionals, reforms the legislation, national and religious contradictions complemented the growing needs of Russian colonization.

49-60

Authors: Irina V. Kornilova

In the last years in structure of modern scientific historical knowledge vigorous creative activity of researchers of history of the Russian province, definition of their reliable role in the history of Russia in general and edges attracts interest, in particular. Special attention of researchers and continues to attract heritage of V.F. Kudryavtsev (1843-1910), the correspondent of the Russian Geographical Society in St. Petersburg (1873), the member employee of Society of fans of natural sciences, anthropology and ethnography at the Moscow university (1874), the full member Nizhny Novgorod (1875) and the Vyatka (1898) provincial statistical committees and the member of the Tver provincial scientific archival commission (1897), the author more than 25 books, numerous scientific publications in the all-Russian and regional press, in collections of provincial statistical committees, in "Works …" scientific organizations and the provincial scientific archival commissions. His interest in event history, history of material and spiritual culture and life generates understanding of value of sources of an originality and knowledge of the certain Russian regions creating a complete image of the country. Studying of history of Russian regions promotes disclosure of various manifestations of communication of historical science with life of provincial society, deeper knowledge of the all-Russian historical process. In this article an attempt of a review and judgment of plots of history of the Russian province of the 19th century, in particular Yelabuga and the Yelabuga region, in historical sketches of V.F. Kudryavtsev "Old times, monuments, legends and legends of the Kama region" is made (1897-1905). Work is presented by rare and valuable material on history, archeology, ethnography, historical geography, economic and household life of Prikamye, she has no predecessors in Prikamye neither according to the general internal contents, nor on chronology of the described events and is a fruit of independent processing of the views occurring in historical science, opinions, representations. In each release of historical sketches the world outlook identity of research views of V.F. Kudryavtsev of eventful history of Yelabuga and the Yelabuga region is traced. Special value to work is given by use by the author of the various documentary sources found by him in the course of laborious work in archives and collected folklore monuments – legends and legends.

81-78

Authors: Nadezhda G. Valeeva

In the article on the rich material of the historical sources of the published character new historically significant facts of the activity of the Chistopol district zemstvo of the Kazan province in the end of XIX - beginning of the XX century in the field of formation and development of zemstvo medicine were revealed, the leading positions of representatives of the merchant class and peasantry in local self-government bodies, doctors in carrying out a wide range of activities in the provision of medical care to the inhabitants of rural areas. The main activities of the Chistopol County Zemstvo Administration in the development of medicine can be traced through the division of the county into medical districts, the increase in the number of medical districts, the number of zemstvo doctors, the development of a plan for the reorganization of zemstvo medicine, the establishment of a stationary-traveling health care system, the holding of district congresses of zemstvo doctors and the establishment medical council under the leadership of the chairman of the zemstvo council for the purpose of practical improvement of the main directions of zemstvo medicine, the development of pharmaceutical business, etc. Valuable is the reference to specific personalities - known and little-known representatives of the medical life of the Russian province, as well as factual information about the villages of Chistopol County, which are part of medical districts. The material examined allowed to reflect the significant successes and shortcomings in the development and development of medical care in Chistopol district, to show its role in the formation of a system of rendering medical care to the inhabitants of rural areas, which has no analogues outside of Russia. The selfless work of the first zemstvo doctors in providing medical assistance, in examining students of public schools and the way of life of peasants, in carrying out sanitary and preventive measures that have important educational and educational significance is indicative.

100-103

Authors: Marina S. Nizamova

The article is devoted to consideration of the book of local historians A.A. Litvin, I.V. Kornilova, T.A. Magsumov "The Russian province of the second half of the XIX beginning of the XX century in a domestic historiography". The scientific audience has got an original historiographic job with attraction of a wide range of sources and high theoretical level of statement. It is noted that authors have made an attempt to be beyond one region of Russia, having shown at the same time different ways of an increment, streamlining and a regulation of historical knowledge in a perspective of the extensive chronological period of the XIX beginning of the XXI centuries. It is specified that the book makes an essential contribution to a research of regional study of local lore.