Comparative-historical, theoretical and cultural issues of language and writing in valuable and civilization aspects are analyzed on the example of development, dissemination, loss and reconstruction of the Turkic Runic script.
The concept "The Great Silk Way", used by travel agencies of Kazakhstan as information basis of an advertizing product, is considered in the article. Results of the contextual analysis of use of the concept name have allowed to reveal the main content of transformational processes of its cultural component: from the assessment of the historical and cultural role of the artifact in the development of human civilization to the assessment of reality modern objects in the area of valuable component of the cultural concept, and then to emergence of quasi-assessment in the process of naming on condition of using of the concept name or its foreign-language analog.
Dynamics of word meanings in scientific terminology and common knowledge is traced. Transition to the “live knowledge” paradigm requires a new methodology and will result in a new understanding of what’s there beyond the word.
The analysis of sentential units of the Salishan language of Bella Coola is presented, as far as the expression of nouns in them is concerned. The author concludes that the archaic language of Bella Coola gives opportunity to trace that verbals were diachronically prior to nominals in the development of parts of the speech system.
The linguistic aspect of the concept of verbal culture is considered in the article. Unlike the literary approach, thesis that the verbal (language) culture in ontology is primarily the phenomenon of language, which acts as a product of creative discursive activity of linguistic identity, is substantiated. This thesis is reasoned by the analysis of semantic processes, connected with updating of the propositional content in Russian verbal nouns. As a result of semantic derivations the unorthodox word meaning as the language unit and as the concept, which becomes property of spiritual, verbal culture, is formed.
Problems of ontology and epistemology of the art text, its actually linguistic basis, are considered in the article. Establishment of such basis is the obligatory (primary) stage of the philological research of any literary work. Only after the establishment of the linguistic basis and on the base of it, it is possible to include thematic and semantic space of the text in other spaces, generated by numerous social and psychological, historical and cultural contexts. Research of such contexts assumes the use of categories of the semantic organization of the text, including categories, explaining the thematic organization of the text.
Interactive techniques in the second language acquisition underlie all modern educational approaches. The aim is to use such didactic methods that can ensure the efficient interaction between lecturer and students. Examples of such techniques could be the discourse, discussion, dispute, games, case study, brainstorming, project making, etc. Using interactive methods and techniques helps overcoming of existing or arising difficulties and communication barriers by stimulating the process of thinking, generating and exchange of ideas.
Archaic formants are mentioned in names of settlements, which are located in borders. It is long ago established fact; it gives us the opportunity to look for time of settling of such territories by different ethnic groups. This research is held on the basis of analysis of common toponimic models. The analysis of ancient names of settlements with suffixes *-i??e // *-isko at Pan-Slavic frontier (Galicia and Lviv Lands of the Ruthenian Voivodeship) in comparison with oikonyms of other Slavic territories is carried out by the author.
The analysis of toponyms, mentioned in two medieval documents, written in Latin letters, that are in the fact a transliteration of Old Ukrainian text, is presented in the article. The peculiarities of Old Ukrainian are preserved in names of places, oronyms, hydronyms and anthroponyms. The findings are that toponyms are quite stable against foreign influence. The reasons why different judicial documents are written in different languages (Latin, Polish, and Old Ukrainian) lie in the fact that at the beginning of the fourteenth century Western Ukrainian oikonymic system has started to form.
The problem of interaction between axiological and stylistic characteristic of lexical units is considered in the article. Three main types of the interaction, reflecting correspondence or contradiction between aforementioned characteristics, are described.
Interrelations of the language picture of the world, presented in language-source and language-receptor, are considered in the article. The material used for analysis was one of key concepts of the Russian language picture of the world – a concept “долг (duty/debt)” – in comparison with its analogs, presented in English. The author focuses attention on importance of studying of core concepts, language-specific and reflected in the system of values of polysemantic words, for linguistics and translatology. Studying of these concepts in language-source and in language-receptor can give essential help to translators in understanding of features of national perception of the world and will allow them to use effectively this information in translation process.
In the article the grotesque is considered as one of representative subcategories of comic, which possesses the brightest plastic figurativeness, plays form destructive and transcendental functions. The oxymoron is interpreted as grotesque algorithm, which cancels the conservative idea of absurdity as something unacceptable, impossible and reveals its harmonizing role. In pragmatic aspect the grotesque implicature is deduced, and сomeme is presented as a wide range of the speech acts, dominated by an expressive provocative. Within the scope of grotesque, the addressee is elevated to the role of the co-author.
The author of article does the attempt of spatial reallocation of the existing conceptual and architectonic paradigm (in Polish), proceeding from perceptual and convergent inter-case (in the sense of traditional case subcategories) "gravitation". Therefore the taxonomical dominant, consolidating case values, subordinated to it in a varying degree, is made out. In this process the tendency to redistribution of the values, belonging to the same traditional case subcategory, in the direction to other spatial and case dominant, is quite logically planned.
Main approaches to the typology of spatial images and models in the literary criticism are considered. Classification of through spatial images – archetypal, national and individual, – constructed taking into account the semantic transformations, observed in the course of literary development, is offered.
The article is devoted to the problem of the language discrimination of the person on the basis of a gender. Reasons of emergence of language sexism in different countries are considered, the main forms of its manifestation in Ukrainian are analyzed and ways to gender tolerance are defined.
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