INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDORSING HEALTH SCIENCE RESEARCH

1-3

Authors: Siddiqui MB1,2,3, Ng. CW4 & Low WY5

Over the time since 1990, as the world strive for reducing child mortality1, there has been a clustering of child mortality estimates in developing countries2. The most distinguished clusters have been found in countries belonging to Sub-Saharan African and South Asian regions3,4, especially in India, Nigeria, Pakistan, Democratic Republic of the Congo and China2,3. Most of the developing countries, in comparison to developed ones, lack comprehensive vital registration system (VRS) 5,6. This system gathers data mostly on births and deaths of the population. The information extracted from such data facilitate and supports the health managers and planners during planning and allocation of scarce resources to the population.

17-22

Authors: Yahya Aziz1, Krishan Lal1, Urwah Inam1 & Warda Musharraf1

Objective To determine frequency of urinary tract infection among asymptomatic diabetics, the etiological agents, antibiotic sensitivity and the pattern of antibiotic resistance to that organism. Methodology This cross-sectional study was conducted at Taj Medical Complex, Hamdard University Hospital, and Karachi. A total of 395 patients with Diabetes Mellitus were enrolled in our study. All data were transformed in a structured Performa. All lab analysis plus Urine C/S were done with written consent from the patients. Data was maintained and analyzed on SPSS version 20. Result Among the 395 included patients, 44 % (174) were females and 56 % (221) were males. 362 were taking oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA), 9 were under insulin and 24 were taking both insulin and OHA. The mean HbA1c was 8.08 ± 1.29. Out of 395 samples of urine C/S of asymptomatic diabetic patients, 242 samples showed growth of organisms more than 105 CFU (colony forming units). The most common organism in 160 (66.11%) cases was E.coli. The other organisms isolated were klebsiella in 37 (15.28%) cases, staph aureus in 30 (12.4%), proteus in 7 (2.3%), enterococcus in 8 (3.3%) case. UTI was found more common in those patients who were taking oral hypoglycemic agents as compared to those who were taking insulin. E-coli- was sensitive to ciprofloxacin in 88.75%, ceftriaxone in 67.9% and imipenum in 100%. Klebsiella was 100% sensitive to ciprofloxacin. It was also 100% sensitive to imipenum. Staph aureus was sensitive to ciprofloxacin in 70%cases and 77% sensitive to ampicillin. E.coli was resistant to ampicillin, cefixime and gentamycin. Klebsiella was resistant to ceftriaxone and pimpedic acid. Staph aureus was resistant to co-trimoxazole. Proteus was resistant to imipenum in 100% cases and enterococci were resistant to amikacin in 100% cases. Conclusion The study concluded that the prevalence of UTI is higher in females as compared to males in asymptomatic diabetic patients. E.coli was the foremost etiological agent of UTI. It was also observed that the diseases incidence increases with increasing age and vice versa. Because of the frequency and severity of UTI in diabetes, prompt diagnosis and early treatment is compulsory to prevent consequent complications.

34-37

Authors: Peer Asad Aziz Qureshi1*, Riaz. A. Raja2, Syed KhizrNaim3, Sanaullah pathan4, Shahzor Hassan5 & G.Murtaza Jamali6

Extradural hematoma as a result of traumatic injury is a serious neurological emergency that required immediate intervention. The standard protocol is to identify the condition at earliest and provide quick surgical evacuation of the hematoma. The situation tends to be fatally deteriorating and marks a high mortality rate and worse health outcomes. We have presented a case of extradural hematoma in this study where the surgery had a delay due to the unavailability of general anesthesia. However, the falling Glasgow Coma Scale scores encouraged the surgeons to induce the surgical procedure with the employment of local anesthesia. The intervention turned out to be successful and produced the possibility of using local anesthesia as an alternative in case of critical emergency situations in order to save a life.

44-51

Authors: Hammad Rasheed1, Junaid Rashid2 and Rana Saqib Javeed3

Background Nursing is a healthcare profession that is concerned with maintaining and promoting the health of the patients. Because of their work environment and workload nurse are at the very high risk of many occupational health problems. Among all these; musculoskeletal problems are most common especially the low back pain. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. A sample size of 92 nurses was calculated and questionnaires were distributed among them and information was collected on socio-demographic characteristics, job history, frequency, severity and pattern of low back pain. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 for windows and Microsoft Excel 2013. Descriptive statistics i.e., percentage, mean were used to interpret the data. Chi-square and P-value were used to find associations between dependent and independent variables. Results The frequency of low back pain among nurses was 65.1%. 12 months frequency was 57.8% and 7 days frequency was 32.5% with majority of nurses describing pain of Moderate intensity. The frequency of low back pain was high in nurses more than 30 years old, married, overweight/obese and those with more than 15 years of work experience. Conclusions About 65% of nurses working in Jinnah Hospital Lahore were suffering from low back pain which indicates high prevalence and is in line with prevalence of low back pain in the developed countries. Therefore, it is recommended to maintain the Body Mass Index in the normal ranges and also maintain proper body mechanics and posture and use assistive devices in lifting the patients.