INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDORSING HEALTH SCIENCE RESEARCH

9-10

Authors: Zaheer Chiragh, Muhammad Iftikhar Alam & Shahab Fatmi

Kienbock’s disease is a rare pathology of uncertain etiology, resulting in osteonecrosis of lunate bone. The authors present interesting images for comparison of both plain radiography and bone scan findings done in a young male laborer.

18-20

Authors: Saima Khan, Sadaf Ahmed & Shamoon Noushad

The purpose of the study is to aware and educated a radiographer of certain pathological conditions seen on chest xray specifically we are dealing with types and severity of pneumothorax and the quality of information a radiographer communicate to his primary team for evaluation. Radiographer can identify or detect pneumothorax by taking x-rays in three positions i-e upright, supine or decubitis with complete awareness of diverse conditions of pneumothorax. For suitable imaging radiographer should know about position, safety of the patient and the techniques of Breath holding during exposure. Whereas ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) should be kept standard. In our study mostly cases were of tension pneumothorax in which immediate decompression of thorax is mandatory and it requires instant action as on x-ray film as lung marking diminishes in this condition. According to radiological policy for panic conditions the chest x- rays were observed through PACS after every two hours. We evaluated the role of radiographer in observing pneumothorax and how it is his/her utmost responsibility to inform their primary team or the concerned radiologist urgently. We observed 36 panic pneumothorax out of 2865 portable chest x-rays of admitted patients from May 2012 till November 2012. Out of these 36 cases radiographers correctly identified 28 cases while 6 were missed when compared with radiologists detection.We concluded that 77% of radiographers are aware of panic conditions detected on chest x-ray but we find it very necessary to aware and educate radiographers more particularly to detect pneumothorax and related pathologies on chest x-rays in order to improve proper patient care in health care system and maintain required standards

25-28

Authors: Hina Shafi , Iqra Ashqeen , Madiha Kanwal & Zia Mohy Uddin

Cardiac activities are one of the vital signs of life. To monitor these activities there are several methods including electrocardiography (ECG), photo plysthesmography, electrical impedance plythesmography. The purpose of the paper is to design external electrodes placed on the uppermost skin layer called stratum corneum which are capable of stimulating human anterior tibial artery without damaging it. This artery is present along the length of human tibia bone or shin bone .The designed electrodes are diminutive enough to attach with any easily wearable device. These electrodes when supplied with potential stimulate the artery helping in the procedure of electrical impedance plethysmography, this method is simple and low-cost.On the other hand, Electrical Impedance Plethysmography appears to be the most practical solution as compared to the above mentioned techniques of monitoring cardiovascular activities By varying electrode size and the distance between the electrodes we can skillfully judge the point where the electric field reaches the artery. The simulation of this model is done by Comsol Multiphysics.

33-37

Authors: Asma Shehzad Makhani, Ayesha Zahid Khan & Ghazala Rafique

The prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies in young children has a profound effect on their immune system, growth and mental development. However, many micronutrients deficiencies in children such as calcium can be prevented. This research has explored the perceptions and practices of mothers, residing in Karachi, regarding milk and milk products (MAMPs) intake in children of age 2-5 years, in order to find out the amount of MAMPs in their diet and the factors affecting such intake. This is a qualitative exploratory study. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted. Eighteen mothers whose children’s age were 2-5 years old were purposively recruited from three daycare centers of three different socioeconomic status areas of Karachi. The MAMPs intake of children in three different socioeconomic areas of Karachi was in accordance with 2006’s, American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations for requirements, i.e. 2 cups per day of Milk/Dairy for 2-4 years old children. However, the type of MAMPs and children’s preferences differs considerably. The most preferred MAMPs among children of age were yogurt and plain milk. The preferences for MAMPs in children were mainly determined by their peers, mother’s ethnicity and media advertisements. Most of the mothers did not prefer giving MAMPs in several common childhood illnesses due to prevailing misconceptions. It was also explored that maternal ethnicity plays considerable role in selecting and combining various food items mainly fish with MAMPs. Recognizing the MAMPs intake of children and their mother’s perceptions and practices can help researchers to better understand children’s preferences for different MAMPs and the factors influencing their intake. Food policies and recommendations related to MAMPs in children can be evaluated for their relevance to children’s ecological determinants to address the issues related to growth and development in early ages.

43-46

Authors: Laila Salim

This document presents data from qualitative research using a series of focus groups which were conducted for the community from 15th April to 30th April 2007. The focus groups were conducted to ascertain the awareness of degree of Coronary Heart Disease (CVD); the quality of the training program, and if behavior has changed as a result of the awareness program, in Northern areas of Pakistan. There were nine focus groups conducted and each group consisted of 6 to 8 participants.All participants in general, reported that they were happy with the awareness program but mentioned that some of the material for health education was not culturally appropriate. Further, all participants were talked about their health behavior and beliefs.The findings suggest that there is a need to focus more on the processes of planning to develop awareness of coronary heart disease (CHD), organize more innovative health education and interventions that aim to empower community to become more informed and active consumers of health care.

51-56

Authors: Mona Minhaz Ali Jindani & Sanober Nadeem

Role of Fathers in Early Years of Child’s Life Mona Minhaz Ali Jindani & Sanober Nadeem 1. Human Development Program ,Aga Khan University Corresponding author::m.jindani14@gmail.com ABSTRACT The study focus on investigating the perceptions and practices of fathers and its impact on children’s development. It attempts to establish the effect of father’s involvement in children life. Very few studies to date could be found on this subject area. In recent days, people are more learned and want to educate their selves on how they should deal their children and at the same time best practices for fathers should also be established by researches and studies. This study was done to involvement of fathers in child care as their involvement effects socio economic development of a child. Fathers are usually preoccupied in earning bread for the family however they should play their role in child carePurposive sampling was done for the purpose of this search after which focused group discussion (FGD) were conducted on 5 different locations to address all the socio economical classes of fathers. Father of a given sample were accumulated at a single place for the purpose of the research study and interviews/discussion were conducted in presence of a note taker and a principal investigator, prior consent was taken from all the fathers before the focused group discussion. According to the study it has been proved that fathers involvement had a great influence on children development. Children were good at schools and interaction with other where father’s involvement was high. Usually, fathers are ideal for child but studies shows that paternal involvement has been low in comparison to maternal but this perception is changingwith time. The research identified that fathers are usually busy in earning bread for their family due to which they have fairly less stake in the child development however there is an increasing trend in fathers who understands the importance of their role in child care and child development and also they try to give maximum contribution in the upbringing of their children.