Journal of Medical Science and Technology

1-4

Authors: Hani Awad Mustafa Rwashdeh

To assess the effects of preoperative administration of Hartmann’s and Voluven 6% solutions on perioperative blood glucose level during general anesthesia and surgery. Our prospective, randomized and double-blind study included 126 patients, of both sexes, aged 34-52years, classed I physical status by the American society of anesthesiologists and scheduled for various elective intermediate type of surgical interventions performed under general anesthesia at Prince Hashem bin Abdullah the second hospital, Aqaba, Jordan, during the period Dec.2012-Oct.2014. Patients were divided into three groups in a random fashion according to the preoperative administered solution.

13 - 17

Authors: B Kodandaramu, T. Madhu Chaithanya, Basawaraj Munge, Ranjitha N, Mamata Bandopadhyay

Asthma is a chronic obstructive condition, it is not considered as a part of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as this term refers specifically to combinations of disease that are irreversible such as bronchiectasis, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. Male guinea male pigs were selected for the experiment. Animals were weighed with the help of weighing machine. The guinea pigs weighing 450gm on average were selected for the experiment. The study was conducted in MIMS (Maharajah’s Institute of Medical Sciences). In this study evaluated the anti-asthmatic effect of ethanol extract of piper betel Linn in guinea pigs by using histamine chamber 24 guinea pigs were selected and are divided into four groups each containing 6 guinea pigs (i.e., group I, II, III and IV respectively). Comparison of control group with standard group the mean difference of preconvulsive time at 1st hour was -222.50 with 95% confidence interval from -237.26 to -207.74 with a p value of <0.001. Comparision of control group with test - 1 group the mean difference of preconvulsive time at 2nd hour was -195.20 with 95% confidence interval from -229.21 to -161.19 with a p value of <0.001. Bronchial asthma is an inflammatory condition so anti-inflammatory activity of piper betel linn, may be the reason for reducing bronchial asthma. Present study shows protection against histamine induced experimental bronchial asthma in guinea pigs which may be due to anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant action and antihistaminic action.

23 -27

Authors: Dr. Ravi Paul, Dr. Webster Musonda, Dr. Thankian Kusanthan

The most common mental health problems on college campuses are anxiety disorders. Specialized schools such as medical school is recognized as one of the most stressful environments that often exerts a negative effect on the academic performance, physical health and psychological well-being of a student. Challenges such as maintaining relationships with friends and resisting alcohol abuse are among the many factors of anxiety disorder; and have a direct impact on a students’ academic performance. Recent work has suggested that having an anxiety disorder without history of mood disorder does convey increased risk for suicidal ideation. Hence, unless awareness is raised that will provoke students to seek help; this silent otherwise manageable condition will continue taking its toll on future professionals. This study therefore was to identify symptoms of awareness and symptoms of anxiety disorders amongst University students.

34 - 39

Authors: WMMS Bandara, AJIS Rathnayake, BWMTJ Basnayake, MKOK De Silva, D. Edirisinghe, KG Somasiri

Regular physical exercises have shown to improve the biochemical indices of cardiometabolic diseases. This study was carried out to assess the effect of the length of physical exercises on these biochemical parameters in healthy young men. Ninety participants who are undergoing regular physical exercises during military training and thirty controls were recruited in this study. They were categorized into four groups; Non–exercised control group (NE), exercised for 6 months (E6M), exercised for 18 months (E18M) and exercised for 30 months (E30M). Thirty participants were included in each group. Plasma HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), glucose and haemoglobin levels were measured using enzymatic techniques and colorimetric methods. LDL- cholesterol level was calculated using the standard equation. A significant reduction in mean TG was observed in all groups that underwent regular exercises (p<0.05). LDL-cholesterol and TC levels were also significantly low in groups E18M and E30M. HDL-cholesterol levels were significantly high in groups who exercised for more than 18 months (p<0.005 in E18M and p<0.01 in E30M). Plasma glucose was significantly reduced after 18 months of exercise (p<0.05). Plasma haemoglobin levels showed an increase with exercises but it was significantly reduced in E30M (p<0.05). In addition exercised groups showed improved BMI values. Results of this study imply that exercise during military training improves the risk factors of cardiometabolic diseases such as body composition, lipid profiles and glucose levels favorably. Further the improvements become significant when the duration of the exercises ≥18 months.

45 - 68

Authors: Anthony Kodzo-Grey Venyo

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours of the kidney and renal pelvis (IMTK& IMTRP) are rare and less than 100 cases have been reported. IMTKs/IMTKRPs have been diagnosed incidentally or following presentations of loin / abdominal pain, haematuria or palpable abdominal / loin mass. Radiological imaging features of the disease tend to show a cystic or solid or heterogeneous renal mass with slight contrast-enhancement. Diagnosis is made by pathological examination of biopsy or partial / radical nephrectomy specimens which tend to show spindled cells in myxoid background admixed with variable extra-cellular collagen, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and siderophages. IMTKs/IMTRPs stain positively for SMA, vimentin and HHF35 and CD34 but negatively with desmin, AlK-1, keratin and p53. \radiological imaging features of IMTKs/IMTRPs are non-specific. Most IMTKs/IMTRPs have been treated by renal sparing excision (partial nephrectomy / completed excision of the lesion) or radical surgery (nephrectomy / radical nephrectomy) without any subsequent recurrence. Conservative management of one case has resulted in resolution of the lesion. In one case radical surgical treatment of an invasive disease has been ensued by death due to complications of the invasive disease and treatment. One asymptomatic case following two-years of observation developed worsening pain requiring nephrectomy. There is no consensus on the treatment options. It is not clear whether or not there are certain pathological features of IMTKs/IMTRPs which could predict possible aggressive biological behaviour. Complete excision of IMTKs and IMTRPs tend to be associated with no recurrence but at times conservative management may result in resolution of the lesion. Perhaps if radiological-guided biopsies of slightly contrast-enhanced lesions of the kidney/renal pelvis are undertaken more IMTS would be diagnosed pre-operatively to allow for conservative treatment and renal sparing surgery in cases of small non-invasive IMTK/RPs. A global multi-centre trial would be recommended to streamline lesions that should be managed: conservatively, by renal-sparing or radical surgery.

90 - 94

Authors: Sara Al Ganem, Hanaa Bamefleh, Ali Nawaz Khan, Anthony Kodzo-Grey Venyo

Appropriate radiological imaging techniques including High Resolution CT scan of the chest (HRCT) are now available that detect ground-glass-opacities (GGOs) in the lung which are not detected by plain Chest X-rays. The aim of the study was to report a case of an-incidentally detected GGO during follow-up assessment for colonic cancer. A 54-year-old woman who had been having yearly appropriate radiological imaging follow-up assessments at yearly intervals pursuant to having colonic resection for colon cancer was found incidentally to have a sub-centimetre ground-glass-opacity in the lung which had subsequently increased in size minimally. Microscopic examination and immunohistochemistry of the excised lung lesion showed a primary adenocarcinoma of lung origin, in early in situ phase. Literature review had shown that GGOs have minimal or no invasive growth and limited resection of curative intent is justified, therefore it is important that these GGOs are detected by means of appropriate radiological imaging in order to provide minimal resection at an early phase of the disease. Developments in radiological imaging had enabled early detection of adenocarcinoma in situ of the lung in our case. Developments in radiological imaging techniques, now enables early detection of GGOs which enables limited curative resection of the lesions.