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Generation of Molecular Genetic Markers in Studies of Genetic Structures of Horses
Authors: Timur A. Erkenov, Valery I. Glazko, Eugenya F. Knyaseva, Tatina T. Glazko
Number of views: 429
An overview of the different generations of molecular genetic markers used to solve the traditional problems of breeding work – exception errors of origin; determine the distribution of genetic flow of agricultural animal species; the identification of genetic systems, polymorphism of which is associated with variability of economically valuable traits are carried out. The history of the use of genotypic characteristics as "signalview" to predict the desired manifestation of economically valuable traits, starting with the works of A.S. Serebrovsky, are discussed. The need for consistent study of the gene pools of native breeds with a unique capacity of adaptation to specific ecological and geographical factors, in which farm animal breeding, is underlined. It is noted the similarity of molecular-genetic systems involved in adaptation, in particular, to high-altitude hypoxia, such mammal species as domestic horses and people. As an example of adaptation to high-altitude conditions of breeding discusses the specificity of Karachai horses. The different methods of genomic scanning (multigene genotyping) using as genomic anchors randomly selected decanucleotide (RAPD-PCR), sequences of microsatellite loci (ISSR-PCR markers), retrotransposons (IRAP-PCR markers) are discussed. It is noted the particularities of the representation in animal genomes microsatellite loci, DNA and RNA transposons.