International Journal of General Engineering and Technology

1-12

Authors: Ir. Sakdillah, M.M& Ir. Tommy Trides, S.T., M.T

Mining is an activity carried out to take deposits of minerals below the earth's surface, one of which is coal. To calculate how much money is spent to buy minerals? Another thing agreed in the calculation of reserves is as a basis for economic evaluation, whether regional research is feasible or not feasible. Research conducted at PT. Pancaran Surya Abadi, Kutai Lama, Anggana District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan, where the calculation is done using a computerbased program, Minescape 4118.In this study the block model method is used to determine the optimal potential area for mining activities, from the block model is made a solid block batter (with the contour structure as the lower boundary and topography as the upper limit), so that from the solid block we can make reshgraph based on the stripping ratio value of 4.6: 1, from the results of the reshgraph can be determined the potential area to be mined marked with certain colours. The results of the research that has been carried out, obtained seam A coal seam modelling has a thickness of 2.21 meters and seam B 5.19 meters. The calculation of mining reserves obtained by coal is 13,074,635.12 MT, overburden is 60,532,994.96 BCM, and so a stripping ratio of 4.6: 1 is obtained.

29-40

Authors: Hailye Tekleselase Michael

Background: digital technology plays an important role in higher education institutions. Objective: this study investigate show students and instructors are using digital tools, for what purposes they use digital technology and to what extent digital technologies adopted in higher education. Methodology: structural equation modeling was used; triangulation approaches, data have been collected from the students (n= 168), instructors (n=64) using a survey questionnaires and an in-depth interviews with students, instructors. Data was analyzed using SPSSv26.Result: Based on the data analysis more than 88.09 % of students use digital tools for non-academic purposes(for entertainment),like playing games, online chatting with their friends, watching videos (movies),telegram, face book for personal or social use. However digital tools have a great impact on student academic achievement especially for students who score in GPA are greater than 3.5. Conclusion: higher education students have access to digital tools like the internet, desktop computers (1:6), laptops (4.16 %) and mobile devices (97.61 %). But 88.09 % of learners use educational technology for enjoyment purposes. The digital competency of instructors and students are very low. (74.21 % of instructors not use digital tools in the Classroom)

57-64

Authors: Ramya V

Fruits and vegetables processing equipments are very well used and needed for every type of industry nowadays. Processing of the fruits and vegetables is important for their use for direct consumption or as a food ingredient. During processing, the emphasis is there on preserving the color, taste, texture and nutrition of the food product with improvement in its shelf life. Some of the basic processes used in the processing industry are grading, freezing, washing, peeling, slicing, size sorting and reduction, canning, packaging, dehydration etc. In the selection of the processing method that can be used in a particular situation, the type of produced outcome, the cost associated with it and the market demand of the produce, all are considered. Hence, the aim of the present paper is to study and analyze the factors that play a crucial role in designing and development of different equipments that can be used for the processing of fruits and vegetables of different types and for different applications.

75-84

Authors: K. N. Narasimha, N. Lakshminarasimaiah, Aravindrao M Yadwad, Rajeswari P & Mahesh G. Emmi

Solid waste management (SWM) is a major problem for many urban local bodies (ULBs) in India, where urbanization, industrialization and economic growth have resulted in increased municipal solid waste (MSW) generation per person [1].Solid Waste has been a menace and Solid Waste Management (SWM) is one of the inevitable problems in Indian Cities. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) generation per capita in India ranges from approximately 0.12 kg per person per day in small towns to approximately 0.62 kg per person per day in cities half of which is biodegradable[2]. Studies in the past reveal that nearly 90 % of the Solid Waste is being disposed in open dumps and landfills without any treatment. The Present study was aimed to comprehend the quantity of Solid Waste generated in India and review the status of SWM. Further, the technologies and best practices to be adopted and replicated for minimizing the pollution due to Solid Waste are discussed along with detailed techno-commercial analyses of biomethanation which is a latest trend in treating biodegradable waste. The solid waste flux a new concept in analyzing the waste load per area of the land is analyzed and is found to be 43.69kg per square kilometer for India.