International Journal of Mechanical Engineering

13-24

Authors: D. Regubharathi & K. Surendran

Boilers in the power plants and process plants have large drums to house the steam – water mixture, to hold large quantity of water required for steam generation and ensure steam quality. Drums weight anywhere 100 to250 tons with very high thickness depending on the MW rating. Manufacturing of drums need special machines and process. The total cycle time of the drum vary from 100 days to 134 days according the capacity. In the process mapping of drum manufacturing shroud hydro test is a part of cycle taking around 4 – 6 days as of now in 500/600 MW. Delays in Power Plant Boiler are caused mostly because of leakage during shroud hydro test. By detailed studying the operation involved in carrying out the shroud hydro test and the issues which are causing the leakages during hydro test, an attempt has been made to reduce the cycle time of shroud hydro test.

11-20

Authors: Abdulrahman S. Sait & Yaser A. Hadi

This task clarifies an instantaneous angular speed (IAS) test technique that is robust for engine condition monitoring (CM). The pivot of the crankshaft is dependent on the cylinder speed, determined using the situation in this study. The tests and the research discussed in this project offer a thorough understanding of the harmful implications for the quick angular speed. Moreover, using the angular move procedure it demonstrates the subtleties in crankshaft motion. The optical encoder is used to obtain data about angular motion.In the stage region, the sign was acquired and broken using the sign average to decide the weaknesses and their location. National instruments are used and programming code for NI LabView is produced for ongoing use. Optical encoders are tentatively investigated by implementing IAS studies under multiple operating circumstances to cylinders that issue recognition devices.

31-44

Authors: Faisal M SH F Alazemi & Mohd Radzi Haji Che Daud

For a plant engineer, the boiler efficiency is one of the most crucial aspects. Therefore, different techniques are developed to improve the boiler performance. In the several studies, it is found that a boiler consumes the energy around eighty percent of the boiler operating cost.The efficiency of a boiler suffered due to the various losses occurred. These losses are mainly occurred due to the flue gas accumulation, unburned fuel, convective and radiated heat loss.To improve the efficiency of a boiler, the design optimization is studied in this research. In this study, several parameters such as pre-heater design, economizer design, an efficient heating system design, etc., are used.In a boiler, heat loss is very high when the flue gas released almost thirty percent of the energy loses due it. Therefore, it is essential to optimize the design of a boiler so that the performance can be improved.In a boiler design, complex geometry is used because it has multiple inputs and multiple outputs. This system is of a non-linear type which has no self-balancing mechanism. The combustion process of a boiler is also complicated in terms of physical as well as chemical process. A boiler is used for various applications such as food industries, cement industries, etc. The efficiency of a boiler is required to improve due to multiple reasons such as energy savings, low maintenance cost, and environmental safety, etc. Recent days, everyone is developing a design that can help in energy conservation on the urge of pressing environmental issues such as global warming. In several industries and power plants, boilers are primarily used for generating steams or producing hot water. Several studies showed that the consumption of energy in boilers is significant (M.C. Barama et al. 2017). Therefore, improving the boiler efficiency even in small amount can lead to save a significant amount of energy. It can also help to improve the carbon emission that will be a significant step towards the environmental safety. By definition, a boiler is a pressure vessel which is used for generating electricity or supplying the hot water to the industry for providing the heating facilities depending upon the requirements. In some commercial and residential buildings, boilers are used for providing hot water or steam facilities for various domestic and commercial purposes (L. Jaymaha, 2006). In all over the world for generating electricity, coal, gas, etc., and nuclear power is primarily used. For converting energy generated by these resources, for example, thermal energy into electricity, boilers are one of the suitable options. The fossil fuels reserves are depleted day by day and the demand for other energy resources such as oil, gas, and coals, etc., for electricity production are increasing. According to a study, these energy resources demands will reach 47.5% - 94.7% by the end of 2030 (M.C. Barma et al., 2017), (S. Som and A. Dutta, 2008). Therefore, improvement in boiler efficiency is crucial. In a steam boiler, chemical energy obtained from the fuel is transformed into the thermal energy with the help of combusting fuels in the furnace. These days the design of a boiler are getting more complex as more number of equipment are connected such as heat exchanger, pre-heater, economizer, etc.

7-20

Authors: Janvier Kamanzi Impact Factor

An estimate of more than a hundred million landmines laid across multiple countries is undetonated, while lots of new landmines are being planted to this day. Through history, people have been investing effort in developing safe and accurate technologies in response to the ever-increasing figures of landmines. Some of these technologies include animal detection, prodding, mine clearing vehicles, ground penetrating radar and hand-held metal detectors. Although these technologies have each had their success in reducing the landmine count across the world, they still do have disadvantages. In the process of developing a novel technology, this paper covers a literature review on existing technologies and highlighted that their critical shortfall pertain to the safety of the operator. Most of the existing technologies require operators to move the detecting systems in places where landmines are to be uncovered, thus putting their life at risk. The paper provides an overview of research done into metal detectors. The paper then describes the design of a remotely controlled vehicle dedicated for landmine detection. The system design describes how the different parts of the design comes together to create a working system. Each major component is thoroughly described along with the motivation behind the component selection. Firmware, circuit design and each aspect of the design are detailed. The paper concludes that a fully functioning and collision-avoiding prototype has been successfully developed to detect landmines using a webpage and a built-in metal detector. Finally, a room for improvement on the design has been indicated.