International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering

43-52

Authors: S. Kareemunnisa Begum

Kutch region is well known for high seismicity with the reported occurrence of atleast three major earthquakes. Although various geological and geophysical studies have been carried out, the deep crustal structure is poorly understood. In order to understand the physical processes related to seismicity of the Bhuj earthquake, a wide-band (1000- 0.001Hz) magneto telluric survey has been carried out along three profiles with 21 stations. The profiles cut across the major structural features such as Kutch Mainland Fault (KMF), Wagad Fault and Katrol fault. In the present study, deep geoelectric structure along a profile oriented in SW-NE direction i.e. Mundra-Rapar is presented. Results indicated the presence of thick sediments (1-4km) dipping towards south underlain by high resistive basement. From detailed 2- Danalysis of the data, it is observed that the resistivity of the basement shows distinct variation for the stations located towards the South compared to the north. It is interesting to observe that the well-known KMF is spatially located near the sharp variation in the basement resistivity. The deeper electrical structure shows a north-eastward dipping electrical conductor (25-50 ohm). Interestingly, the numbers of hypocenters are located in the transition zone of the resistor (brittle) and conductor (ductile) at depths of around 10-40 km. The results suggest an ongoing tectonic activity across the area with a blocked structure embedded between the North Wagad Fault and South Wagad Fault. The relative movement of these crustal blocks might be the reason for the continuous development of stresses that led to major earthquakes in the region. This deformation may be related to the present neo-tectonic compressive stress regime of the Indian Plate due to its NNE movement against the collision front in the north and its proximity to the triple junction in the western continental margin of the study area

69-84

Authors: Mayuri Banerjee Bhattacharya, S. C. Upaddhay & Arvind Kurmar

As dimensions of malnutrition have a complex association with social Status. Nutritional status of an individual also depicts of quality of life. Malnutrition among the low-wage workers causes a direct impact on economic growth and development as a healthy workforce to create a healthy nation with a strong economy. Objectives: To assess the social and nutritional status of salt cultivators (Agariyas) engaged in organized salt works. Study Design: Advance mixed method of study (both qualitative and quantitative). Study Setting and Target Population: Salt cultivator working as the contractual workforce in organized salt industries in Bhavnagar, Gujarat for more than one year in salt works. Subjects/Methods: Field research had an integrated approach where qualitative data comprises in-depth interview, observation, audio, and video recording and focus group discussion (FGDs). For the quantitative aspect of the study pre-tested standard modified questionnaire tested as per the local region setting having both structured and the semi-structured questionnaire. Socioeconomic and demographic profile, Health Symptoms, Nutritional assessment (Height, weight, Mid Upper Arm Circumference-MUAC, Basal Metabolic Index-BMI and Waist and Hip Ratio-WHR) was recorded. Hemoglobin was analyzed using digital hemoglobin analyzer. Field Survey was conducted in semi-urban villages located near Bhavnagar city of Gujarat during the beginning phase of salt cultivation season. Results: Total 166 salt cultivators participated in the field survey and research, of which 102 were male and 64 were female. The research found the about 24.1% ofsalt workers are under-weight/ Chronic Energy Deficiency Category I & II. While small proportion (1.2%) of salt cultivators was severely underweight/ Chronic Energy Deficiency Category III. Mid-Upper Arm Circumference of the salt cultivators was 24±3 cm. The mean hemoglobin of the salt cultivators in the present study was 10.7± 2.0 g/dl. In focus group discussion and in-depth interview, other information regarding their health hygiene and sanitation were recorded.

91-96

Authors: Suneetha

Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa the great saint or rather a prophet gifted to the nation. A universal religion, that is the religion of oneness and tolerance, which is accepted by the people even today. To quote the words of Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, “Greeting to the feet of jnani! Greeting to the feet of the bhaktha! Greeting to the devotee who believe in the formless God! Greeting to those who believes in the formless God! Greeting to those who believe in God with form! Greeting to men old who knew Brahman! Greeting to the modern knower of truth!” These words show that he accepted one and all, irrespective of caste, creed, status and wealth, alike. His heart and mind were open to receive all kinds of material and spiritual philosophies. He lived only for fifty years but had the spiritual experiences and attainments of five thousand years. His life is itself an open book filled with truthful and be seen that Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa began from just as any other ordinary devotional experiences. When compared with other Indian thinkers, it can man, but his spiritual fame grew and spread its wings to the whole world.

105-116

Authors: M. Elabbasy, M. Elsayehands & Abdelkader

The globalisation of international trade has significantly changed the world economy and increased mobility, thus considerably affecting maritime transport and liner shipping in particular. This paper assesses and analyses the level of the container ports in the East-West trade route for the period between 2001 and 2016. In doing so, Concentration Ratio analysis, Hirschman-Herfindahl index technique, and Shift Share analysis were used. The analysis of the market reveals a tendency towards deconcentration and increased competition among ports in the market in the period of study. Accordingly, the market can be segmented into two main categories, the present hub ports, and the potential hubs. The ports of the first category have a competitive advantage in their strategic location, while those of the second category are trying to utilize their resources more effectively in order to enhance their competitive position and increase their market share.

137-146

Authors: Hifza Akhtar, Muhammad Ilyas Tariq, Nasrgis Sultana & Ambreen Imtiaz

Present work is an optimized lipolytic activity of sonicated defatted Prunus Avium seed lipases. The characterization and the stability of P. avium lipase were assayed at incremental steps of pH and temperature. Comparison of fat liberation potential of the Lipases treated and untreated poultry wastewater and mutton fat showed the importance of Avium lipase towards fat hydrolysis. A 300W sonicated waves in 30 minutes made meal clear for enzyme extraction by removing all interference of seeds fat, evidenced by the images of scanning electron microscope.10 % olive oil emulsion ; a substrate, one-hour incubation time and 4000rpm agitation speed were the optimal variables for extraction of enzyme amongst the 9 runs of experiments suggested by orthogonal L9 array design. Substrate concentration was found the actual contributor to facilitating the lipase for complete hydrolysis. A 43.19%contribution (ANOVA result) of olive oil: substrate was found responsible for maximum lipolytic activity (1.52μU) of Avium lipase at pH 6 and 400C.Best stability of lipase was observed in n-heptane. A release of 6 times more poultry wastewater fat as compared to acid hydrolysis was the successful application of P. avium after 180minutes of the incubation period. Degradation of lipids as increase the %age of monounsaturated acid as compared to polyunsaturated acid (GLC analysis) speculating that P. avium enzyme can be utilized in oil/ fat, detergent and wastewater industry due to fat degradation property.