International Journal of Computer Networks and Applications

158-164

Authors: Ravneet Kaur, Dr. Neeraj Sharma

One of the key design issues in ad hoc networks is the development of rollback recovery model for providing fault-tolerance in MANET. Because the potential problem of MANET is limited energy, probability of fault occurrences is more. Hence, checkpointing is done at trusted nodes when faults are encountered, for successful rollback to the last saved state. This makes trust a vital factor to be determined. The proposed algorithm aims to reduce the rollback recovery time by retrieving the checkpoint data through trusted nodes. Dynamic node recovery technique unfolds the impact of cluster trust on the count variable maintained by each node. This variable is so maintained, to do the checkpointing process when a definite threshold is reached. Such an attack prone node saves its data at the nearest trusted cluster head. Again, based on opinion dynamics, trust of the host cluster markedly influences the trust of the visitor node. Moreover, genetic algorithms are employed to search best optimal recovery path. Performance analysis depicts remarkable results produced by the proposed algorithm.

173-178

Authors: Dr. B. Ramakrishnan, S. R. Sreedivya, M. Selvi

A wide range of protocols are used to achieve secured message broadcasting in VANET. Most commonly used protocols are topology based routing and geography based routing protocols. In order to overcome the issues of these 2 protocols, we proposed a design of Adaptive routing protocol based on Cuckoo search algorithm (ARP-CS). The adaptive protocol combines the features of both topology routing and geographic routing protocols which ensures the secured transmission of data with less delay and high packet delivery ratio. ARP-CS provides reliable and secure routes between source and destination node with optimal distance and low routing overheads. ARP-CS uses a local stochastic broadcasting to find routes which reduces the network congestion thereby improving the packet delivery ratio.

188-195

Authors: Ntjatji Gosebo, Sipho Seepe

The purpose of this paper is to establish whether IT security considerations are provided for, in the case of South Africa, by legal prescripts on each computer-based Information Systems’ component. A descriptive research approach was employed to accomplish the aim of this paper. Findings are that avoidance IT security consideration is the least covered by legal prescripts, while the deterrence IT security consideration is comprehensively covered by legal prescripts. While legal prescripts related to deterrence IT security consideration are almost similar, they prescribe different punishments for the same violation. A further study is needed to establish whether IT security considerations not covered by legal prescripts are mitigated by other means, and a different further study to determine the efficacy of deterrence without detection is also needed. A consolidated IT security legal prescript might deliver a better remedy to prevailing disjointedness and duplications. This paper develops a rubric or model that guides a comprehensive and systemic assessment of IT security considerations, and provides an evaluation of IT related legal prescripts of South Africa.

114 - 123

Authors: Eric Opoku Osei

INTRODUCTION Abstract gives first impression of document that follows and offers instant scholarly credibility to direct and indirect stakeholders of that document. AIM/PURPOSE We aimed to determine quality standard adherence of nineteen (19) maiden abstracts already published in the editorial space of International Journal of Computer Networks and Applications (IJCNA) using “IMRAD” guiding rule as barometer. METHOD We conducted appraisal using abstracts in IJCNA database. Nineteen maiden papers were assessed using internationally accepted IMRAD guiding rule for journal writings and used MS-Excel for statistical analysis due to seize of data. RESULTS We found 47%, representing 9-papers adhering to the IMRAD rules for scientific writing guide. We also discovered 53%, representing 10-papers presenting their abstracts as in humanities guide. CONCLUSION In our conclusion, authors are responsible to adhere to the rules of the game and present quality standard abstracts to uphold their own credibility in academic publishing. RECOMMENDATION The editorial board has to update author guidelines to clearly spell-out IMRAD components expected in scientific/informative abstracts submissions, irrespective of the paper type.

135 - 143

Authors: Sercan VANÇİN, Ebubekir ERDEM

Wireless sensor networks are network systems consisting of hundreds, even thousands of sensor nodes connected to each other through a wireless environment. Sensor nodes have complex functions, such as the detection, collection, calculation and routing of surrounding data with predefined criteria by placing them randomly or according to a certain strategy into diverse areas. In this study, the IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee wireless communication standard was used, which is more advantageous than other wireless communication standards with respect to parameters like battery usage and low power consumption, providing high performance with short-range sensors as well as making it possible to use 3 different band frequencies in the world. Additionally, the RIVERBED (OPNET) Academic Edition 17.5 simulator, capable of generating correct results and analysis to identify the actual behavior of the real system, was used. With this simulator program, the performances of star, tree, and mesh topologies supported by the ZigBee standard were compared based on end-to-end delay, throughput, mac load and traffic received parameters. Then, the performance analyses were conducted on different PANs (Personal Area Network) using single and dual ZigBee coordinators. Finally, network fixed and mobile node behavior was compared with respect to the quality parameters of the end-to-end delay and traffic received by the destination.

151 - 157

Authors: R. Bhagavath Nishanth, Dr. B. Ramakrishnan, M. Selvi

In a Cryptographic primordial, the functions of the digital signature and the public key encryption are concurrently carried out. To safely communicate incredibly large messages, the cryptographic primordial known as the signcryption is effectively employed. Though a lion’s share of the public key based mechanism are appropriate for miniature messages, the hybrid encryption (KEM-DEM) offers a proficient and realistic method. In this document, we are cheered to launch an improved signcryption method, which takes cues from the KEM and DEM approaches. The KEM algorithm employs the KDF approach to summarize the symmetric key. The DEM algorithm makes use of the Elliptic curve cryptography technique to encrypt the original message. With an eye on safety aspects, we have testes three attacks and we are cheered to state that the attackers have failed miserably in locating the safety traits of our improved signcryption technique.

41 - 45

Authors: Aarti Singh, Manisha Malhotra

Cloud computing has become a buzzword in IT industry these days and organization are getting attracted towards this magnet for expanding their infrastructure at cheaper rates. However, with all flexibility offered by cloud there are concerns about security, integrity and availability of precious information of cloud users. Conventional protection mechanisms need to be reconsidered for their effectiveness, since cloud service model is distinctly different from other internet based service models. Recently, much research efforts are being done in cloud security but still more efforts are desired. Since cloud security is a sensitive dimension affecting its wide commercial acceptance. This work explores various levels of security concerns in cloud environment and lists available mechanism for addressing them.

57 - 63

Authors: G.Rohini, Dr. A.Srinivasan

Nowadays Internet and bandwidth is an extremely valuable and scarce resource in remote networks. Consequently, efficient bandwidth management is necessary to support service stability, good Quality of service and ensure steady quality of experience for users of handheld multimedia streaming services. certainly, the support of uniform streaming rate during the entire course of a streaming videos, where the user is in mobility is one of the demanding issue and may not have high resolution or video quality due to the limited 3G/3.5G/4G bandwidth to the Internet as well as changing of bandwidth . Popular iOS and Android based handheld devices, accessing more Internet video services typically involves about 10%–80% redundant traffic and low battery life. This work proposes the Service transition protocol and Session transition protocol using H.264/SCV over the wireless network. This paper enables dynamic voltage and frequency Scaling Power control mechanism for better battery life. Simulation results shows that the proposed approach outperforms existing bandwidth management schemes in better supporting mobile multimedia services with better life time of battery.

76 - 83

Authors: Prachi

Security is a matter of extensive research interest with widespread deployment of WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) in various real life applications. Unreliable wireless communication, physically insecure locations and resource exhaustion attacks render sensor vulnerable to several security breaches. Sensors are supposed to operate on battery in hostile and unattended environment over a longer span of time. Taking into consideration conflict in interest between security and energy consumption, effective security implementation is nontrivial in WSN. A number of security schemes were presented in literature for ad hoc networks. However, most traditional security solutions like public key cryptography and trusted third party schemes are infeasible in WSN due to resource stringent nature. Probabilistic key management scheme (PKMS) perfectly suites the requirement of WSN due to their low storage, computation and communication overhead over resource stringent nodes. However, most the earlier presented PKMSs are based on Erdos-Renyi (ER) model of random graphs. ER model doesn’t go along well with WSN due to their certain assumptions. In this paper, we present and implement a new PKMS scheme in TinyOS based on kryptograph model. Simulation results illustrate that scheme based on kryptograph model is more secure, memory efficient and connected when compared to scheme based on ER model.

99 - 105

Authors: Poonam Mittal, Sanjay Batra, Dr. C.K.Nagpal

A network is basically a combination of nodes and links. Nodes can be mobile or static in nature and similarly links connecting them may be wired or wireless in nature. So there can be different combination of network. In MANET all the nodes are mobile and these mobile nodes are not in a fixed topology. Each node can take and receive data from another node that is why these nodes can act as router as well as node. Nodes can join the network with their own wish. Due to all these features of Manet it may face various challenges like no central authority, different mobility models, battery power, selfish behavior of nodes, coordination of nodes and continuously maintenance of information which is required to properly route traffic. All the above mentioned challenges affect the performance of the Manet. But cooperation among the participating nodes may overshadow these challenges. Cooperation can be achieved either by removing selfish nodes or preventing the nodes from acting as selfish because selfish nodes causes the problem of improper routing and results in drop of packets. It indicates that coordination of nodes have strong impact on the performance of the network. In this paper we implement a novel scheme for the coordination of nodes in Manet using NS2 simulator. In the proposed scheme nodes will not show selfish behavior because this model will distribute the load among all the nodes so that nodes will not be over utilized or underutilized. Proposed routing scheme uses DSR routing protocol and energy and path aware routing at network layer.

113

Authors: Eric Opoku Osei

Scientific paper review is drudgery. I appreciate selfless service of Reviewers, Authors and the Editorial board for effort in getting publishable materials on this journal. What is your responsibility to raise this journal standard? First, Authors must cut-off clutters to reduce workload on peer reviewers. Sometimes, smart authors use tables and figures derived from simulations or mathematical expressions to convenience readers without clear analysis of results to interpret those figures/tables. Secondly, peer reviewers have to move from old-fashioned objective review approach to supportive review (coaching) when dealing with newly established journals. Sometimes offer as much help to the author to raise the standard of paper instead of rejection. Let’s face it, managing editors of new journals may wish to publish more papers to get right accreditation. Until maturity stage, reviewers must go extra mile to offer supportive review to authors in reviews. In many old publishing houses, we have smart reviewers helping smart authors to get works published due to reviewer’s overly responsibilities; teaching, research and services to local entities as well as international journal. Quality is sometimes compromised in many journals. Do we have to repeat the same trend like other journals where we came from to join this editorial board? No. Third, Co-authors who are normally senior members has to take responsibility of papers to ensure quality. Sometimes we are interested getting our names listed as part of a paper. A senior member should consider upholding international reputation and scholarly integrity as professor. Let your name appear on well refined works. In fact, this journal has a promising future; the name caption “IJCNA” and scope of papers consideration is succinct to attract international destination for publishing good works in networks and its broad applications. How can we ensure quality standard before and after publications? Stakeholders must actively collaborate on knowledge-share contributions to ground international reputation through short submissions such as “letter to the editor” on specific publication limitations or similar editorial pieces to draw attention on quality. If you critique your own house, people trust your household. Avoid being smart. In this article “smart” is used in bad context; where already mentioned actors in academic writing decide to underplay due diligence.

242-246

Authors: Resul Das, Gurkan Tuna, Ayse Tuna

Different from the past, in recent years, an increasing number of technology solutions have been started to be designed for the elderly and disabled due to the aging population and increasing awareness about common problems of the disabled. In smart homes, a group of smart, networked devices and sensors can help make the elderly and disabled more independent by letting family members, relatives and doctors keep tabs from afar. Because there is significant interest from care providers who prefer to keep the elderly and disabled in their houses rather than caring them in assisted-living centers. Accordingly, in this study, a sample application of smart home technology is presented. In the presented application, a group of sensors are used to build an autonomous smart home. Although the presented application is just a simple example of how smart homes can be used, it has the potential of affecting all areas improving day to day life of the elderly and disabled.

254-260

Authors: Md. Shohidul Islam, Husnul Ajra

This paper represents a comparative Study of filter algorithms Least Mean Square (LMS), Normalized Least Mean Square (NLMS) and Recursive Least Square (RLS) by considering a Quasi Orthogonal Space Time Block Code (QOSTBC) encoded Multiple Input Multiple output (MIMO) Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system. MIMO-CDMA system has been currently acknowledged as one of the most competitive technology. Here, the adaptive behaviors of the algorithm are studied. Implementation aspects of these algorithms are their computational complexity and Signal to Noise ratio which are also examined. Recently adaptive filtering algorithms have a nice tradeoff between the complexity and the convergence rate. In this system, by comparative study of three adaptive filter algorithms, the RLS algorithm has faster convergence rate than LMS and NLMS algorithms with better robustness to unpredictable situation and better tracking capability.

267-273

Authors: Imane Merzougui, Youssef Benabbassi

Wireless sensor networks have paved the way for the creation of a new generation of applications in a variety of fields. The main aim of this article is to simulate some faults in the behavior of wireless sensor networks. These faults can be classified as “failures” or “intrusions”, and in our work, we have focused on the three following faults: external factors (such as Animals, weather ...), a jamming attack in which the attacker is a mobile entity, and finally an inundation attack (successive Hello messages). In order to address the above issues we have designed a method for the detection and isolation of a faulty sensor and a simulator to show the influence of failures and to test the effectiveness of our solution using C++ programming language. This simulation is Capable of detecting and isolating a faulty sensor even in the case when multiple sensors break down at the same time.

203-211

Authors: Muhammet Baykara, Resul Daş

Information security in the sense of personal and institutional has become a top priority in digitalized modern world in parallel to the new technological developments. Many methods, tools and technologies are used to provide the information security of IT systems. These are considered, encryption, authentication, firewall, and intrusion detection and prevention systems. Moreover, honeypot systems are proposed as complementary structures. This paper presents the overall view of the publications in IDS, IPS and honeypot systems. Recently, honeypot systems are anymore used in connection with intrusion detection systems. So this paper describes possible implementation of honeypot technologies combined with IDS/IPS in a network. Studies in the literature have shown intrusion detection systems cannot find the 0-day vulnerabilities. The system provided by the honeypots and intrusion detection systems in the network, might detect new exploit and hacker attempt.

222-231

Authors: Muhammad Jawad Ikram, Jonathan Cazalas

The ubiquitous nature of smartphones and GPS-enabled devices, coupled with the increasingly popular usage of location-based services, has effectively created an environment where data access truly is anywhere at any time. While said environment is indeed convenient and quite useful, the unfortunate reality is that users are exposed to a variety of privacy and security threats. User location information can be tracked and then used in malicious ways by non-trusted applications and adversaries. We address this problem by proposing an efficient, collaborative technique that is integrated with an intrusion detection system and rekeying techniques. The algorithm is parameterized by defining performance and security metrics, which can then be used to find optimal settings, both in terms of privacy and quality of service. Based on the proposed performance-security metrics, the tradeoff between privacy and quality of service can be quantified.