Punjab University Journal of Zoology

Number 5, 1990

1-56
TOXICOLOGY OF ALDRIN IN RATS

Authors: Syed Shahid Ali and Abdul Rauf Shakoori

Abstract

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Aldrin-mixed diet, fed to Sprague Dawley rats at a dose of 20 mg, 8 mg and 2.5 mg/kg body wt. /day for 48 hours, 15 days, and 18 months, respectively produced significant changes in the blood and liver. The haemoglobin content, red blood cells count and packed cell volume decreased, while the white blood cell count increased under all treatments. The serum glutamate oxaloacetate treansminase (GOT), alkaline phosphatase (AP) and isocitrate dehydrogenase increased 370, 141 and 135%, respectively in 48 hour treatment. The creatin phosphokinase activity increased (83%) in 15 day treatment. The acid phosphatase activity increased 97% after 6 months treatment. Bilirubin content increased in 15 day, urea in 15 day and 18 month and protein content under all experimental conditions. Cholesterol and free amino acids (FAA) contents decreased after aldrin feeding. In 48 hour experiment hyperglycemia was induced, while hypoglycemia was found in 15 day treatment. In liver, AP and GOT activities increased 171% and 28% respectively in 48 hour feeding, while lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) decreased (26%). In 15 day feeding experiment the glutamate pyruvate transminase (GPT) and LDH activities increased 186% and 23% after 9 and 15 days, respectively. This increase was more pronounced in 18 months treatment. The hepatic cholesterol generally decreased in 48 hour and 6 month treatments, while in 15 day feeding reverse pattern was obtained. Hepatic soluble proteins increased in 48 hours and 18 month feeding groups, DNA content remained unaltered, while RNA showed almost constant increase in 15 day treatment. Aldrin treatment produced hypertrophy of hepatic cells, nuclei and nucleoli. Fatty degeneration and extensive vacuolation was evident in 48 hour feeding. The vacuolation, granulation of hepatic tissue and prominent clear areas around nuclei was found in 15 day feeding. These changes, with distorted nuclei and enlarged kupffer cells, were also observed in 18 months feeding group.

57-79
THE EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON SURVIVAL, GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION OF BELLAMAYA BENGALENSIS LAMARCK, IN THE LABORATORY

Authors: Akhtar Tanveer

Abstract

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Population of Bellamaya bengalensis Lamarck, were exposed to various temperatures ranging from 0-45 oC with 5 oC interval to observe their survival, growth and reproduction. Juvenile (one week old) and adult snails (70, weeks old) were kept under observation for 24 and 32 weeks. It appeared that for both juvenile and adult snails optimum temperature for survival, growth and reproduction was 25.0±1.0 oC. At this temperature snails also exhibited maximum specific growth rate for length and weight. However, condition factor was pointing to the fact that at this optimum temperature, weight increase was more pronounced than the length. The snails could not tolerate the temperature above 35.0 oC and below 15.0 oC beyond 96 hours (juvenile) and 7 days (adult).

81-88
EFFECT OF STARVATION AND DIFFERENT DIETS ON THE LIPID CONTENTS OF THE THORACIC MUSCLE OF LUCILIA CUPRINA (WIED.) (CALLIPHORIDAE: DIPTERA)

Authors: Firdausia Azam Ali and Farrukh Naveed

Abstract

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The quantitative analysis of the lipid contents of the thoracic muscles of starved and differently fed female blowflies, Lucilia cuprina was carried out at 4 hourly intervals starting from 4-hour old flies. The maximum lipid contents were observed in the beef extract-fed flies (9.90 mg/100 mg) while the minimum were observed in the starved flies (9.85 mg/100mg). Except for minor fluctuations a consistent decrease was observed in all the categories of the flies. At the end of the experimental period the minimum amount was observed in the starved while the maximum amount noted in the mixed-fed flies.

89-100
CHANGES OCCURRING IN THE CHOLESTEROL LEVEL OF THE THORACIC MUSCLES OF THE STARVED AS WELL AS DIFFERENTLY REARED LUCILIA CUPRINA (CALLIPHORIDAE: DIPTERA)

Authors: Firdausia Azam Ali and Farrukh Naveed

Abstract

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Cholesterol metabolism of starved as well as those Lucilia cuprina (Wied.) reared on different diets was studied during the first 40 hours of their life. In the starved insects the amount of cholesterol increased from 4 to 12 hours (from 0.325 to 0.395 mg/100 mg) then decreased at 16 hours but started to increase till 28 hours when it was found to be 0.690 mg/100mg. A decrease was noted afterwards which continued till the end with the contents falling to 0.31 mg/100mg. In the beef extract-fed flies cholesterol level increased from 4 till 12 hours (from 0.345 to 0.391 mg/100mg) but then a slight decreased occurred at 16 hour-stage followed by an increase till 28 hours, when the amount was estimated to be 0.518 mg/100mg. A steady decrease occurred occured till the end when the contents were found to be 0.34 mg/100mg. In glucose-fed flies contents increased from 4 hours to 12 hours (from 0.343 to 0.384 mg/100mg) followed by a slight decrease at 16 hours. After 28 hours they reached the maximum which was 0.482 mg/100. Then the level started to fall down till at the 40 hour it was 0.35mg/100mg. IN mixed diet-fed flies cholesterol level increased till 12 hours (from 0.353 to 0.403 mg/100mg), then decreased slightly at 16 hours and started to increase and reached its maximum at 28 hours which was 0.512 mg/100mg. Later on a depletion in the values occurred, the level started to fall down and had become 0.35 mg at the end of 40 hours.