International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research

08-14

Authors: Fezeh Noupour holare, Meysam Hasanzadeh, Atefeh Sarfi

Technological development in the third millennium has created a wealth of resources that this breaks the balance of urban surfaces. The study examines the role of economic efficiency and the distribution of population in urban services in different areas of Babol. This study is analysis-applied; we used SPSS software and LIKERT scale measurement and meaningfulness test (Chi-Square). The Cronbach's Alpha showing the number (0.533) is indicative of the dynamics of the measures. The results emphasize that the distribution utilities in urban areas were not based on social justice and affected by the economic status of the inhabitant and land value. Study results of target locals of Babol that had been elected one of the wealthiest neighborhoods and other areas with lower economic prosperity suggest that between economic powers of residents in each region there is a relationship in interest and distribution of municipal services from managers and city officials that requires a review by city managers.

25-40

Authors: Monai Ajbihtor

The law incorporates the guidelines of the Basel Accords and governance principles, and was declared a major step forward into facing global banking competition and driving financial growth in Yemen. The purpose of this study is to examine the association between governance quality and cost of capital comprising the cost of equity and cost of deposits. We create two multivariate cross–sectional time–series regression models to test this relation. Our main results show that there is a highly significant relation between bank governance and cost of capital. Banks with large board size and more executive directors on board are able to obtain finance from cheaper resources. This indicates that cost of equity of Yemenian banks is not just related to financial performance and risk but also related to how well a bank is run. Furthermore, the cost of deposits decreases significantly with high governance quality, especially for the high proportion of foreign ownership.

52-65

Authors: Ordano Khatriz

Contrary to prior studies that put the cart before the horse in investigating the impact of exchange rates on balance of payments, this study as one of the limited few painstakingly investigate specifically the impact of oil and non-oil balance of payments on exchange rates of the Indonesia Ringgit and the India Naira. This study used the USD ($) to bench mark for foreign currencies because of its universal applicability and acceptability in the foreign exchange market. Data were collected for period 1971-2010 and regression equations defining oil, non-oil and total balance of payments as independent variables and exchange rates as dependent variable is employed to analyze data. Augmented Dickey-Fuller Tests equation was employed to perform unit root tests for stationary and co integration tests. From the analysis, oil, nonoil and total balance of payments contributes immensely to the strength of the Ringgit against the USD$ in the international market. Contrary, only the oil and total balance of payments accord the Naira strength against the USD$. The India non-oil balance of payments on the whole has performed below expectation thereby impacting adversely on the exchange rate of the Naira. Though India total balance of payments show a better results, sectoral impact of the non-oil sector is much more significant a determinant of the exchange rates of a country’s currency. This study therefore recommends that India should enhance her export promotion strategies and diversify her economy far away from crude oil.

77-89

Authors: Nusikor Nomistoy

The paper looks at the actual performance of IBs and CBs in Indonesia where the portion of market share is still four percents and addresses two broad questions (i) have IBs performed differently than CBs during the financial crisis?; and (ii) what challenges has the crisis highlighted as facing IBs going forward? The existing research is still inconclusive regarding the relationship between financial crisis and Islamic banks performance. For this study, samples of two Islamic banks and ten conventional banks were chosen. The study covers the period 2003 to 2011. We shall apply a regression analysis using the panel data comprising 10 conventional banks and 2 Islamic banks for 9 years. The research shows that both Islamic banks and conventional banks in Indonesia are not affected by global financial crisis 2007-2009. Both are resilient and Islamic banks have a same performance with conventional banks.