Environment&Health (Dovkillia ta zdorovia)

14-19

Authors: ЛИПОВЕЦЬКА О.Б., ПРОКОПОВ В.О., АНТОМОНОВ М.Ю.

Objective: We developed the simplified formulas for the calculation of carcinogenic risk in case of inhalation and cutaneous entry of drinking water chloroform into the human body. Materials and methods: We calculated average daily lifetime doses for the oral, inhalation and cutaneous entry of drinking water chloroform into the human body according to the R.2.1.10.1920-04 and MU 2.2.4-122-2005. The calculation of carcinogenic risks was carried out taking into account the average daily entry of a chemical substance throughout life and the slope factor. Mathematical calculations were performed with the help of the STATISTICA 10 portable software package. Results: In the calculation of the carcinogenic risks, the formulas for the determination of the average daily dose for the inhalation and cutaneous routes of entry of carcinogen into the human body are more complex in comparison with the oral route with additional calculations, reference values, coefficients, etc. Therefore, we have developed a simplified method for its assessment. Linear regression models were chosen to describe the dependence of the carcinogenic risk in the inhalation and cutaneous routes of entry on the concentration of chloroform in water. Evaluation of the results obtained by the values of the correlation coefficients (R, RI), Fisher's criterion (F, pF), and errors of the coefficients (p) showed that both models were adequate to the initial data with a very high degree of reliability. Conclusions: As a result of the study, the solutions of the problem of the assessment of the carcinogenic health risk from the entry of chloroform with drinking water by inhalation and cutaneous routes were obtained with the help of simplified mathematical formulas of linear dependence. The advantage of the proposed solution method is a speed and ease of getting value of the individual carcinogenic risk for the population of various cities of Ukraine for each route of entry, based on the chloroform content in drinking water. This will make it possible to apply risk assessment for a comparative assessment of the impact of chloroform in drinking water at different territories, in different periods of time before and after preventive measures, to compare the effectiveness of the introduction of new technological processes and equipment, etc.

29-35

Authors: БАНДАЖЕВСЬКИЙ Ю.І., ДУБОВА Н.Ф.

The aim of this paper was to assess the prevalence of the T risk allele of the MTHFR:677 genetic polymorphism in a group of girls from Ivankovsky and Polessky districts located near the Chernobyl exclusion zone. In addition, we assessed variants of combined carriership of the T allele with risk alleles of other genetic polymorphisms regulating the folate cycle. Research methods. Immunochemical, statistical. Results. Genetic predisposition to breast cancer risk was analyzed in a group of 251 adolescent girls. Carriership of the T allele of the MTHFR:С677Т polymorphism was found in 142 children (56.6%), while the homozygous T/T variant was found in 25 girls, or in 10.0% of cases. Compound heterozygosity for the 677CT/1298AC alleles of the MTHFR gene was recorded in 60 individuals, or in 23.9% of cases. Conclusions. The revealed genetic changes in the folate cycle lead to a significant decrease in the activity of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, and, accordingly, to an increase in the level of homocysteine in the blood, creating conditions for the occurrence of breast cancer. Given the high level of genetic predisposition, taking into account the constant impact on the body of radioactive elements and their decay products, the occurrence, as a consequence, of serious metabolic disorders, it is necessary to identify the breast cancer risk group of children.

42-48

Authors: РУБЦОВ Р.В.

Objective:We studied the efficiency of the comprehensive treatment of ore mining and iron and steel industry workers having the pneumoconiosis combined with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in terms of intoxication indicators as an assessment of measures aimed at treatment and prevention of this occupational pulmonary pathology. Results: It was established that conducted treatment in the patients, ore mining and iron and steel industry workers with the use of bronchodilator, mucoregulator, anti-inflammatory agent of a complex vitamin medication, as well as sessions of hyperbaric oxygenation at 1.3 atm led to a decrease in the activity of inflammation processes with regard to the content in the peripheral blood of the total number of leukocytes, their stab and segmented subpopulations, and a decrease in most intoxication indices: the leukocytic index of intoxication, the granulocytic-agranulocytic index, the general index of intoxication, the sinistroposition index, the index of the ratio of leukocytes to erythrocyte sedimentation rate, which indicates a decrease in the systemic inflammation activity with the simultaneous suppression of intoxication phenomena. In comparison with the patients with other occupational lung pathology, the comprehensive treatment led to a more significant decrease in the content of segmented and stab leukocytes, as well as the main integral intoxication indices: the leukocytic index of intoxication, the granulocytic-agranulocytic index, and the general index. Thus, the comprehensive treatment of ore mining and iron and steel industry workers having the pneumoconiosis combined with the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is an important link in the system of measures aimed at treatment and prevention ofthis occupational pulmonary pathology. Conclusions: In the ore mining and iron and steel industry workers having the pneumoconiosis combined with the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,the comprehensive treatment with the use of bronchodilator, mucoregulator, nebulizer-administered anti-inflammatory agent, a complex vitamin B medication administered intramuscularly, as well as sessions of hyperbaric oxygenation led to an improvement in some inflammation indicators and intoxication indices which is a predictor of a positive course of the disease. The assessment of the results of the conducted comprehensive treatment of the workers indicates a significant positive dynamics of intoxication processes and makes it possible to regard this treatment as an important link in the system of measures aimed at treatment and preventionofthisoccupational pulmonary disease.

60-65

Authors: ГОЛІЧЕНКОВ О.М., ДОМАРАЦЬКА Ю.С., ГРИГОРЕНКО Л.Є., СТЕПАНЧУК С.В. ЛЯШЕНКО В.І., МАЙСТРЕНКО З.Ю.

Objective: We evaluated the sensitizing effect of various detergents intended for the care of dishes and other products for children. Materials and methods: The study was carried out in guinea pigs. The sensitization of the animal’s organism was studied in the reaction of degranulation of peripheral blood basophils (after Shelley). Forthestudy, we selected 10% solutions of domestic and foreign products for washing children's dishes ("Alionka", "Karapuz", "Ushastyi Nian", "Frosch Baby") purchased in the supermarkets of Kyiv. Results: In 21 days, the performed study made it possible to establish the development of sensitization of the organism of the animals in the experimental groups exposed to the solutions of the detergents "Alionka", "Karapuz", "Ushasty Nian” for washing children's dishes, although the degree of its manifestation was different. The solution of the detergent "Ushastyi Nian" was shown to possess more pronounced sensitizing properties, as evidenced by the development of weak positive autosensitization and positive sensitization of the organism of the experimental animals. The impact of the detergents for cleaning children's products "Alionka" and "Karapuz"on the animals’ organism leads to the development of mild sensitization, and when using the solution of "Alionka" detergent, a development of the weakly expressed autosensitization of the organism is also observed in the animals. There was no increase in the degranulation of basophilic granulocytes in the presence of both tissue antigen and hapten in the group of animals where the solution of detergent "Frosh Baby" was used, which indicated the absence of auto- and sensitization of the organism of the animals of this group.

71-79

Authors: КУЗМІНОВ Б. П., САГАЙДАКОВСЬКИЙ М. М., СМОЛЬНИЦЬКА В. Л.

On the basis of the analysis of the scientific works and archival and documentary materials, the authors studied the history of the scientific legacy of G.S. Mosing, the outstanding epidemiologist of the twentieth century. The study of aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture and treatment of epidemic typhus is presented in the scientist’s works. Dr. G. Mosing developed the effective system of antiepidemic measures aimed at the complete elimination of this disease.