Environment&Health (Dovkillia ta zdorovia)

4-9

Authors: АКІМЕНКО В.Я., СТЕБЛІЙ Н.М.

The purpose of the work is to establish effective doses of sun UV, as part of the insolation of premises, and to give them a hygienic assessment from the point of view of bactericidal effectiveness. Materials and methods. On the basis of monitoring satellite data about the intensity of UV radiation (280-315 nm), the intensities of UVR are calculated which penetrates into the model room of the dwelling through a 4-mm single-chamber silicate glass (transparency coefficient of glass 0,52) for 2 hours of insolation of the first half of the day. Research results. Based on the analysis of information, including regulatory and technical sources, the spectral composition of UV radiation is substantiated, which can penetrate the dwelling through window of silicate-glass. The effective doses of this factor are calculated for two-hour insolation intervals on March 22 for Kyiv (50° 27'). The effective levels of UV radiation, that has passed through the window glass, can form, during the two-hour insolation intervals of the first half of the daytime, on the enclosing surfaces of the room effective doses from 1,04 J/m2 (7-9 hours) to 2,81 J/m2 (11-13 hours ), and in the volume of the premises - from 1,94 J/m3 (7-9 hours) to 5,26 J/m3 (11-13 hours). Indicative values of effective surface and volumetric doses of ultraviolet radiation, respectively, are proposed: 49 J/m2 and 130 J/m3, to achieve 90% of the effectiveness of the bactericidal action (according to St.aureus) in the dwelling. Conclusions . The ultraviolet component of solar radiation passing through a double silicate glass window into a southeast-oriented room with the minimum required standard, according to SN No. 2605-82, the two-hour insolation duration on March 22, neither in spectral nor in energy characteristics throughout the light day can not provide 90% of the effectiveness of the bactericidal action (according to St.aureus) on the microflora in the air of residential premises and on its internal surfaces.

17-20

Authors: BUZYNNYI M.G., MIETELSKI J.W., KIMURA S., MYKHAILOVA L.L.

Objective: We studied the peculiarities of the entry of wild mushrooms and berries to the markets, analyzed, and evaluated the concentration of 137Cs in wild mushrooms and berries which were sold in several markets of Kyiv city. Materials and methods: We sampled the sets of wild mushrooms: chanterelle (Cantharellus cibarius), king bolete (Boletus edulis), bay bolete (Xerocomus badius), aspen mushroom (Leccinum aurantiacum), honey agaric (Armillaria mellea), orange agaric (Lactarius deliciosus), slippery jack (Suillus luteus), and berries: european blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccos), lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) and bog bilberry (Vaccinium uliginosum) that were sold at 5 markets of Kyiv in summer-autumn period of 2018. The concentration of 137Cs in the samples was estimated with the help of gamma-spectroscopic method, averaging was performed by the types of the products and by the markets. A survey on the collection and delivery of forest products to the markets was carried out among the sellers. Results: 153 samples, including 87 mushrooms and 66 berries, were taken at 5 markets of Kyiv. 137Cs concentrations in the products and their conformity to the sanitary standards were determined. Sanitary standard of 137Cs content was exceeded in 14.8% of 54 blueberries samples and in 25% of 80 mushroom samples, in particular, in 46.2% of 26 samples of chanterelles and in 54.5% of 11 samples of bay bolete (Xerocomus badius) mushrooms. The most contaminated forest products were sold near “Lisova” underground station. 137Cs contamination of the products depended on the place of gathering and the prior routes of products’ delivery.

27-31

Authors: СЕРДЮК А.М., ГУЛІЧ М.П., ПЕТРЕНКО О.Д., ЛЮБАРСЬКА Л.С., КОБЛЯНСЬКА А.В.

The purpose of the work is to study the awareness and consciousness of students of higher educational institutions of various profiles in healthy lifestyle and a threat to health of risk factors for the development of non-infectious diseases, in particular, nutrition. Materials and methods: a sociological survey was conducted among students of higher educational institutions of Ukraine on the levels of awareness and prevalence of certain factors in the development of non-infectious diseases. The study involved 430 students of the Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics and 217 students of Sumy State Pedagogical University. Used methods: sociological, statistical. Results: A high level of students' awareness of the main factors in the development of non-infectious diseases, in particular nutrition, was established. However, their awareness does not lead them to realize the threat to the health of these factors. The prevalence of negative factors in students' eating behavior, such as the consumption of excessive amounts of sugar, salt, carbonated drinks, spreads and margarines, lack of fresh vegetables and fruits in the diet, etc., was studied. It shows a significant difference in the indicators of the eating behavior of students from different universities. Conclusion: the need for further development and improvement of information and training programs for students to improve their awareness and awareness of the risk factors for the development of non-infectious diseases has been substantiated.

35-40

Authors: ПЛАСТУНОВА О.Б.

Objective: According to the norms of the body mass index (BMI) of the Ukrainian schoolchildren, we assessed physical development and nutritional status of the pupils of the boarding school of physical training depending on their gender, age, and kind of sport. Methods: On the basis of the measurement of body weight and height of 1247 pupils (812 boys and 435 girls aged 12–17 years, representatives of 14 kinds of sport) we determined the values of their BMI and compared them with the norms using generally accepted methods. Results: The average values of BMI, individual physical development of 68% of boys and 56% of girls - pupils of all gender and age groups correspond to the normal physical development of the Ukrainian schoolchildren. Pupils aged 14-17 years exceed the children of the region by the average values of BMI, at the age of 12-17 years - by the frequency of normal physical development and especially excess body weight and are characterized by lower frequency of body mass deficiency. At the prevalence of normal physical development in the pupils of all gender and age groups, 13-year-old boys and 12-16-year-old girls are characterized by a significant frequency of body mass deficiency, 16-17-year-old boys and 17-year-old girls – excess body weight. The age dynamics of the average values of BMI and its annual growth in the pupils is consistent with the classical features of the pubertal period in the children of middle and senior school age and it is associated with the pupils’ adaptation to the specific training conditions. Revealed features of physical development and nutritional status of the pupils, engaged in various sports, are associated with the level of their energy expenditures which require a detailed study for the subsequent correction of the nutrition of young athletes.

46-52

Authors: МАЛИШЕВСЬКА О.С.

The purpose: ecological and hygienic assessment of building materials made of cement-sand compositions filled with crushed polymer waste with surfactants deposited on the surface in aggressive environments. Materials and methods of research. Hygienic properties of materials made of cement-sand compositions filled with recycled polymer waste with surfactants applied on their surface in aggressive aqueous media were analyzed in the course of laboratory instrumental research in the certified laboratory centers of the Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University and Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Laboratory Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine during the conducting of the research No.0117U004237. It allowed to determine the impact of various aggressive environments on chemical destruction of materials to conduct sanitary and hygienic assessment of the impact of degradation products on the environment. The research was conducted using household and industrial waste: polyethylene terephthalate (PETF), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyethylene and polypropylene mixtures (PE + PP); slag-portland cement (MPS) M-400 produced by PJSC "Ivano-Frankivsk Cement"; river sand fraction 0,5-1,0 mm; shredder machine; a sword-cutter for paper; device for mechanical activation of polymer waste; a device for spray-type surfactant application; mixer; laboratory weighing scales; photoelektrokolorymeter CPK-2; pH meter of the laboratory with an error of measurement ± 0,1 units pH; 0.01% NaCl solution; sodium laureth sulphate, sulfuric acid (density 1.83 g / cm3 ) methylene blue, phenolphthalein and necessary equipment for titration. Results and discussion. The results of hygienic research revealed that the lowest amount of degradation products is released from samples filled with: PETF, from 2% to 10% of the total weight of the filler, when there is a sharp decrease in the mass loss of samples due to the washing out of CaO under conditions of carbon dioxide and extensive corrosion, as well as in the rain and distilled waters. Acceleration of destruction is specific for the magnesian environment; PVC from 2% to 11% there is a sharp decrease in the mass loss of samples in conditions of all model corrosion environments, as well as in rain and distilled waters; a mixture of PE + PP, from 0.25% to 2.25% under conditions of all model aggressive environments and in rain and distilled waters. Exceeding of MACs for drinking water was not detected in samples tested. Conclusions and perspectives. Hygienic studies have found that the product of destruction of samples of cement-sand compositions filled with polymers is a mixture of inorganic amorphous sediment, the main mass of which are: CaO, Ca(OH)2, Ca(HNO3)2, from 97.83% to 98.46% of the total mass of sediment, other - Mg(OH)2, Al2(OH)3. Destruction products are non-toxic insoluble or slightly soluble simple inorganic compounds that have no negative impact on the environment and humans.

60-64

Authors: АНТОНЕНКО А.М., ВАВРІНЕВИЧ О.П., КОРШУН М.М., ОМЕЛЬЧУК С.Т.

A large number of xenobiotics, entering the human body from the environment, may disrupt normal functioning and contribute to the development of various diseases of the thyroid gland. The purpose of our work was expert-analytical study of pesticides (as chemical environmental factor) mechanisms of action on the functioning of the thyroid gland. Materials and methods. For the review we have selected a group of herbicides (triketones, benzoilpyrazole, oxazoles, bicyclooctenones), fungicides (pyrazolecarboxamides), insecticides (tetram and tetraic acids derivatives). The methods of empirical and theoretical research of scientific information. Results and discussion. The pesticides selected for review influence on the thyroid gland at the peripheral level, interfering with the metabolism of thyroid hormones. Thus, fungicides-pyrazolecarboxamides, inducing the monooxygenase system enzymes of liver, lead to an increased degradation of thyroxine, an increase synthesis of thyroid stimulating hormone of the pituitary gland in the feedback mechanism, which, in turn, leads to hypertrophy of the thyroid gland. With inhibition of the 4-HPPD enzyme by herbicides, the main enzyme that catalyzes tyrosine transformation became tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT). Since the reaction with TAT is reverse, the concentration of tyrosine in blood is significantly increased. Tyrosinaemia leads to development of eye damages and thyroid gland hypertrophy. Investigated insecticides have polytropic action on the thyroid gland. They combine the induction of microsomal enzymes with stimulation of the thyroid gland, 4-HPPD inhibition with eye damage, which is manifested only in rats. It is worth noting when extrapolating such results receiving on animals, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of metabolic processes and the initial level of thyroid hormones in human and experimental animals organism. Conclusion. The analysis of pesticides mechanisms of action on the thyroid gland allowed to establish two main ways of its hypertrophy development - inhibition of hydroxypyruvate transformation and activation of the monooxygenase system in the liver.

70-73

Authors: СЕРДЮК А.М., ГОЛУБЯТНИКОВ М.І., РУДНИЦЬКА О.П., ДАВИДЕНКО Г.М.

A state of the fulfilment of the WHO international medico-sanitary rules requirements “International Health Regulations” (IHR, 2005) in the sphere of the functioning of the competent medico-sanitary body in the sea ports and international airports of Ukraine in the points of entry has been analyzed in the article. We have demonstrated that the Order of the Ministry of Public Health “On the reorganization by means of the addition of state institutions”, 01.02.2019 № 264 violated a single system of epidemiological supervision. In case of its fulfillment, the system will not comply with the international standard approaches to the issues of the organization of national system of sanitary protection of state border and will not solve the tasks of the international importance for the prevention of infectious diseases bringing. We have substantiated a necessity of the creation of a single Center for biological safety under the authority of the Ministry of Public Health of Ukraine according to the international standards by the example of the developed countries. The Center will carry out the practical and sanitary activities in the sphere of biosafety and sanitary protection as a part of state policy.