Environment&Health (Dovkillia ta zdorovia)

13-18

Authors: ANTONENKO А.М., VAVRINEVYCH О.P., OMELCHUK S.T., SHPAK B.І., KORSHUN М.М.

Pesticides are among the chemicals most studied in terms of adverse effects on the thyroid gland. However, agriculture in most countries, especially developing ones, is heavily reliant on pesticide application, which prevents or reduces losses from pests and thus increases yields and product quality, even in terms of external attractiveness, which is often important for consumers. Objective:The aim of the study is a hygienic substantiation of the selection criteria for monitoring and assessment of the human health risk of pesticides that may affect the thyroid gland. Materials and methods: We used methods of laboratory and field hygiene experiments, physico-chemical (chromatographic), organoleptic, physical methods, methods of mathematical modeling and statistical analysis. Results and discussion: When deciding on the need for monitoring in Ukraine for a pesticide that affects the thyroid gland, each of the proposed indicators have to be evaluated in points and their total value have to be estimated. If formulations based on the test compound are used on different crops or in different soil and climatic conditions, the maximum values of the half-life periods should be taken for the assessment.After adding all points received, the need for monitoring is evaluated as follows: for a total of 11-16 points – monitoring is not required; 17-27 points – monitoring is desirable; 28-38 –monitoring is obligatory; 39-44 – pesticide use should be prohibited. Conclusion: Thus, we have improved the monitoring system of pesticide that may affect the functioning of the thyroid gland, namely: it offered a point evaluation of the selection criteria for monitoring studies, proposed additional (the Groundwater and Surface Water Pollution Index (LEACH); indices of the hazard of entry into the human body (integral index of contaminated water consumption hazard (IICWCH) and the integral index of contaminated food consumption hazard (IICFCH)) and specific criteria (effect on thyroid gland as target organ, severity of pesticide induced tyrosinemia (plasma tyrosine level, nmol/ml).

24-30

Authors: ДАНИЛЕНКO Г.М., ПOДРІГАЛO Л.В., АВДІЄВСЬКА O.Г.

Objective: We studied the hygienic and medico-social risk factors of health deterioration in the schoolchildren at the institutions of secondary education (ISE) in an oblast center, a small town, and a rural area. Methods: The study was conducted on the basis of a screening survey of the parents of the schoolchildren at the parent meeting at the ISE: 224 families of two ISE in the oblast center, 109 families of seven small towns ISE, and 208 families of five rural ISE. Results: The proportion of single-parent families was 14.5% among the schoolchildren of the elementary school of the ISE. In the families without a father, the children had a higher prevalence of mental and behavioral disorders (p <0.01), diseases of musculoskeletal system and connective tissue. Psychological microclimate in the family affected the variability indices of the heart rate. The centralization index rises. In the children from the families where the microclimate is calm, it makes up 5.1 ± 0.6, where there are conflict states - 8.7 ±15, (p<0.05). The presence of animal at home had a positive effect on the indicators of biological adaptation. The majority of those children had the most harmonious types of adaptive reactions. Smoking and alcohol consumption among the parents were the unfavourable social factors of the environment for the development of the children. At the time of the study,66.9% of parents and 28.1% of mothers smoked, 84.1% of parents and 76.7% of mothers consumed alcohol. The overall level of school adaptation of the first graders was higher in the families where the parents considered their income level as a “sufficient” one. Children whose parents were financially more capable had twice the rate of birth defects (F = 4.6 p <0.05) and higher physiometric indicators of physical development (F = 7.3 p <0.01). Conclusions: The social status and psychological microclimate, financial status of the family, living conditions of the children, unhealthy conditions of work and occupational diseases in parents, medical stimulation of childbirth, character of baby’s nutrition and character of nutrition, smoking of parents, that was a risk factor for the diseases in the children and led to the deterioration of social-and-psychological, biological adaptation, and success in studies, affected the morbidity and biological adaptation of the children.

38-43

Authors: СТЕПАНОВА Є.І., КОЛПАКОВ І.Є., ПОЗНИШ В.А., ВДОВЕНКО В.Ю., ЗИГАЛО В.М., АЛЬОХІНА С.М.

Objective: We evaluated the processes of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection in children under the influence of stress factors of radiation and psychogenic origin. Materials and methods: The children of school age – residents of radioactive contaminated territories (RCT) and children-forced migrants from the armed conflict zone exposed to stress factors, were examined. The final products of lipid peroxidation (LPO) reacting with thiobarbituric acid (malondialdehyde – MDA), enzymes-antioxidants – catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione transferase were studied by us to determine the signs of oxidative stress. Results and conclusions: In children-residents of RCT and children-displaced from the zone of armed conflict, the imbalance in the LPO system was revealed, an antioxidant protection is morepronounced among children-residents of RCT. An increase in the serum content of end-products of lipid peroxidation reacting with thiobarbituric acid was observed in children-residents of RCT compared with the control; changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as a decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase, an increase in catalase activity, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione transferase were observed. In children-migrants from the zone of armed conflict, changes in indicators of the intensity of LPO processes and the activity of enzymes in the antioxidant defense system were unidirectional, but were less pronounced.

51-56

Authors: BANDAZHEVSKYI Yu. I., DUBOVA N.F.

A state of hyperhomocysteinemia was revealed in the large number of examined children living under conditions of constant radiation exposure. At the same time, taking into account the connection of homocysteine with the processes of osteogenesis, it is important to show the connection of calcium and phosphorus with hormones that regulate mineral metabolism, including the state of the folate cycle genome. Objective: We identified the correlations between blood levels of calcium, phosphorus, and hormones regulating mineral metabolism, taking into account the state of genome of folate metabolism in children living in a district suffered from the accident at the Chornobyl nuclear power plant. Methods: We used immunochemical and mathematical-and-statistical methods. Results: When examining children living in the area suffered from the accident at the Chornobyl nuclear power plant, the largest proportion of cases of hyperhomocysteinemia was found in the groups with T/T MTHFR: 677 and G/G MTR: 2756 genotypes. In children living in the area suffered from the accident at the ChNPP, P, in comparison with Ca, has closer links with hormones that regulate mineral metabolism. In children living under conditions of constant radiation exposure, the bearing of T/T MTHFR: 677genotype, accompanying by the severe hyperhomocysteinemia, contributes to the formation of the inverse correlation of the medium force between Ca and TSH. At the same time, there are no correlations between Ca and PTH, Ca and P in all genetic groups of the folate cycle. There was no connection between P and PTH in the groups of 100% bearing of risk alleles of MTHFR: C677T and MTR: A2756G polymorphisms. There were no connections of P with hormones that regulate mineral metabolism in the groups with homozygous bearing of noted risk alleles (genotypes T/T MTHFR: 677 and G/G MTR: 2756). A decrease in the activity of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and B12-dependent methionine synthase enzymes, in connection with the bearing of risk alleles of MTHFR: C677T and MTR: A2756G genetic polymorphisms, leads to impaired physiological regulation of phosphoric metabolism. Assessment of calcium-phosphorus metabolism in children from the areas suffered from the accident at the Chornobyl NPP should be carried out taking into account the level of homocysteine in blood and the genotype of folate cycle. The obtained results can be used in the development of the program on the prevention of mineral metabolism disorders in children living in the areas suffered from the accident at the ChNPP.

61-63

Authors: ЯЛОВЕНКО О.І., РАЄЦЬКА О.В., ГОЛІЧЕНКОВ О.М., ЛЯШЕНКО В.І., КОНДРАТЕНКО О.Є., КУЩ М.В., СПАСЬКА Ю.С., КУЧЕРЕНКО О.Ю., УМАНЕЦЬ Г.П.

Objectives: We determined the informativeness and feasibility of the use of rapid method for the testing of the toxicity of the products on the culture of motile cells (spermatozoids) at the use in the program for the assessment of the safety of dishwashing detergents for the treatment of children’s wares. Materials and methods: In the investigation we used 23 dishwashing detergents for the treatment of the children’s wares, outbred rats, guinea pigs, bull spermatozoid culture. Methods: alternative - express method for the toxicity assessment with a use of bull spermatozoids as a test object; classical - an assessment of acute toxicity at the injection into the stomach, application on the skin, skin irritating effect. Results and discussion: It was established in the in vitro investigations that the 17 detergents of the 23 ones have a toxicity index in the range of 70% < (Іt) < 120%, i.e. don’t manifest general toxic and skin-irritating effects. For the 6 detergents, Іt >120%. The hazard class (hazard class 4) and the absence of skin-irritating effect at a single application on the skin of these 6 detergents were established in the investigation by the classical methods on the animals. Для 6 засобів - Іt > 120 %. Conclusions: All the studied agents belong to the 4th hazard class and do not have the skin irritating effect at a single application on the skin. The basic toxicological parameters (acute toxicity when injected into the stomach, application on the skin, and skin irritating effect) of the 17 studied agents of the 23 ones were determined without testing on the laboratory animals with the help of the in vitro method (on a bull spermatozoid culture), which indicates the feasibility of the use of this method at the screening stage in the examination of the safety of dishwashing detergents for the treatment of children’s wares.

70-79

Authors: КОРЧАК Г.И., КЛИМЕНКО И.В., СУРМАШЕВА Е.В., РОМАНЕНКО Л.И., ГОРВАЛЬ А.К.

In this article we presented the main mechanisms of the resistance of bacteria and viruses to the disinfectants and antiseptics (internal and acquired resistance).There is brief information on the components of the bacterial cell which determine its internal resistance. Data on the frequency of the resistance due to the mutations and horizontal gene transfer are given. The basic information about the effects of the oxidizing agents, ultraviolet radiation, and heat on viruses is presented. We paid attention to some theoretical and methodological issues.

11-16

Authors: КАЛИНИЧЕНКО Д.О.

Nowadays the strengthening of the preventive direction and the orientation on the health-saving strategy of the healthcare sector becomes especially relevant. The assessment of the reproductive health quality is a complex process as it involves a quantitative generalization of the interrelations of many factors that have different measurement units and ranges of changes. The article deals with a possibility of the use of the quantitative and qualitative parameters which characterize the reproductive potential of the women in general. Objective: We developed a method for the quantitative assessment of the reproductive potential of the women of early fertile age. Material and methods: 284 female students of Sumy higher schools took part in the research. They aged 17 - 22 years (I group (145 people) and 20 - 22 years (II group (139 people). We applied the methods of expert evaluation with a definition of the weight coefficients on the basis of the pair comparisons after T. Saati, anthropometric and psychological examination, subjective assessment of health competence, copying of the data on the presence/absence of the extra-genital pathology from medical records, state of reproductive health. Results and discussion: According to the totality and significance of the experts’ answers, the reproductive potential of the girls is determined mostly by the factors of the “presence/absence of hereditary diseases in the family” and the “health competence” (by the subjective assessment of the reproductive health awareness). The individuals with an average level of integrated assessment of the reproductive potential prevailed among girls, and with an age, the proportion of the female students with a high level of the studied parameter tends to increase. The high level of the reproductive potential of the girls depends on the propensity to a feminine type of gender identity, the level of motivation to achieve career success, the mature reproductive behavior (a responsible attitude towards oneself and a partner in the intimate relationships). Conclusions: The factors, affecting the formation of the reproductive potential of the women of early fertile age, can be estimated by the assigning of the appropriate weight coefficients to them, the analysis of these coefficients may allow identifying the prior measures to reduce their negative impact on the research object.

23-27

Authors: ІВАХНО О.П., КОЗЯРІН І.П.

Objective: We analyzed the statistical data on the prevalence of salmonelloses among the child population of Ukraine under current conditions. Material and methods: We analyzed the data on the statistical reporting of the Ministry of Public Health of Ukraine with regard to the infectious prevalence of salmonellosis over past years. Results: In recent years, a decrease in the prevalence of salmonellosis has been observed in Ukraine. However, contaminated food, water, hydrobionts, equipment, people-bacteria carriers, etc. still remain the risk factors for the development of this pathology. There are no reliable means of the specific prevention of salmonellosis, which is associated with a significant variety of Salmonella representatives and the number of their serotypes increases annually. Conclusions : Till today, the problem of salmonollosis in Ukraine remains unsolved and requires a significant correction in the epidemiological surveillance system for this pathology. Improvement of the registration of the cases of salmonollosis, as well as other diseases, is possible only in case of the correct processing of the various forms of primary records using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases.

31-37

Authors: ЯРОШЕНКО Ж.С.

Objective: We studied the structure of non-neoplastic diseases of the descendants of the first generation, the residents of the of radiation-contaminated territories, born in 1987 - 1999. Materials and methods: The database of the State Register of Ukraine (SRU) of the suffered from the ionizing radiation as a result of the accident at the Chornobyl NPP was a source of information. The base cohort made up 15 174 descendants (7 681 males, 7 493 females). Depending on the date of birth after the accident, four groups with the age interval of 0–3 years were formed: the first group was from 03.03.1987 to 28.02.1990, the second group - from 01.03.1990 to 02.28.1993, the third group - from 01.03.1993 to 28.02.1996, the fourth one – from 03.01.1996 to 02.28.1999. The period of epidemiological study constituted 18 years from the date of birth of the descendants. We studied the structure of non-neoplastic diseases. The parameter was calculated with the help of the Microsoft Office Excel 2013 software package. Results: First, as a result of the epidemiological study, the features of changes in the structure of non-neoplastic diseases in the descendants of the first generation, depending on the date of birth after the accident, are shown. The diseases of the respiratory, digestive, and endocrine systems played the main role in the change of the structure and accounted for the majority of all diseases (75%). At the same time, diseases of the respiratory organs prevail in the boys, endocrine pathology and diseases of digestive organs prevail in the girls. The dependence of the development of non-neoplastic diseases on the time of the accident at the Chornobyl NPP and the date of birth of the descendants was revealed. The proportion of respiratory diseases, mental and behaviour disorders, as well as congenital anomalies and malformations doubled in the children born in 10-12 years after the accident in comparison with the children born in the first years after the accident. At the same time, there is a decrease in the proportion of the diseases of the endocrine and digestive systems, depending on the years of birth of the children after the Chornobyl disaster. Conclusions: The dependence of the development of non-neoplastic diseases by the studied classes of diseases on the time of birth after the accident at the Chornobyl NPP was revealed in the descendants of the first generation of the residents of radiation-contaminated areas. The results of the epidemiological analysis are preliminary and require the further deep research.

42-46

Authors: ПРОКОПОВ В.О., ЛИПОВЕЦЬКА О.Б.

Objective: We determined the quantitative indices of the influence of chlorinated drinking water contaminated with the organochlorine compounds on cancer morbidity in order to substantiate the preventive measures to minimize this impact on the health of the population. Materials and methods: We carried out an epidemiological analysis of the data on cancer incidence among the adult population of the cities of Svitlovodsk, Alexandria, Znamenka, Kropyvnytskyi of Kirovohrad region for 10 years (2006-2015). 160 samples of drinking water from the Dnipro-Kirovohrad main water conduit and plumbing networks of investigated cities on the content of organochlorine compounds (HOS) were analyzed. We used correlation, cluster, and regression analyses (using STATISTICA 7.0 and Microsoft Excel programs) to establish the relationship between OCC and cancer incidence in the population of Kirovohrad region. Results: There is a steady increase in the oncological morbidity of the adult population of the region (an increase of 14.3%) by chloroform content in drinking water at the level of 2-3 MPC. There is a correlation connection between excess chloroform content in drinking water and tumors of the stomach and colon (r=0.9, p<0.05) in the population of Kirovohrad region. Prolonged consumption of chlorinated drinking water led to 170 additional cases of oncological diseases per 100 thousand people in the region. Conclusions: The population of the large cities of Kirovohrad region is provided with drinking water from the Dnipro-Kirovohrad water conduit with an excess content of OCC, mainly of chloroform (2-3 MPC). Their population is at risk of stomach and colon cancer (r=0.9, p<0.05). Consumption of drinking water contaminated with chloroform can affect the occurrence of the additional levels of the oncological pathology in the population (160 cases per 100 thousand people in men and 190 cases - in women). Dozens of cases of stomach and colon cancer are associated with chlorinated drinking water. The contamination of drinking water with the excessive amount of chloroform is one of the factors of the increase of cancer incidence in the population of large cities of Kirovohrad region. It requires the use of the effective preventive measures and management decisions for the reduction of the content of toxic OCC in drinking water and prevention of their impact on the health of the population.

52-60

Authors: ЧЕРНИЧЕНКО І.О., БАЛЕНКО Н.В, ЛИТВИЧЕНКО О.М., БАБІЙ В.Ф., ГЛАВАЧЕК Д.О., КОНДРАТЕНКО О.Є.

Background: Nowadays, breast cancer is the most common hormone-dependent cancer among women worldwide. Etiology of breast cancer is multifactorial. The environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including persistent organochlorine pollutants, are one of supposed factors for the increase of the incidence of breast cancer. Objective: We analyzed the literary data concerning the role of some persistent organochlorine chemicals such as DDT, dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls in breast cancer formation. Results: The analysis of the epidemiological studies, despite their small number, demonstrates clearly the relationship of the exposure of studied endocrine disruptors with an increased risk of breast cancer in women. It has been established that exposure of EDCs during critical time periods (in utero, neonatal and pubertal), when hormones affect cell differentiation and tissue development, can disrupt the development of breast tissues and lead to the appearance of breast cancer in adult women. The results of the analysis confirm the relevance of the problem and the need in further research and solution of the issues of the population’s protection from the harmful effects of endocrine disruptors.

69-75

Authors: MAKHNIUK V.M., PELEKH L.V., MELNYCHENKO S.O., HONCHARUK V.S.

Objective: Hygienic assessment of the implementation of the measures for the decrease of ambient air pollution at the modern domestic sugar-refineries and developed sanitary–and-hygienic requirements for the minimization of the impact of thye negative consequences of their operation on the environment and public health. Materials and methods: We used the following methods in the study: bibliosemantic (for the analysis of the application of standard-and-legal regula-tion), theoretical (retrospective use of the data of the scientific research), analytical, and sanitary-and-hygienic examination of design materials. Results: In this article, the design materials of existing sugar-refineries with the different technologies of the industrial waste handling, in particular with raw pulp, were analyzed. The sugar-refineries, including the pulp pits for the storage of wet pulp in its production, were chosen for the study. For comparison with the traditional production technologies, research was carried out at a sugar-refinery with a new pulp drying technology. According to the results of the research, the liquidation of pulp pits and the transfer to a new pulp drying technology reduces the technogenic load on the environment and minimizes the impact of the consequences of the enterprise’s operation on the public health of the adjacent residential building which complies with the requirements of the current domestic normative documents and the requirements of Directive 2008/50 / EU. Conclusions: 1. Implementation of the measures for the minimization of the environmental impact of the sugar-refinery No. 3 with the latest technologies (pulp drying, pulp granulation department) in comparison with the sugar-refineries No.1 and No.2 with traditional production technologies ensures a decrease of atmospheric air pollution and meets the requirements of existing SSR No. 173-96 and Directive 2008/50 / EC according to the following criteria: 2. Designed maximum surface concentrations of the pollutants at the border of the new normative SPZ of 100 m for the sugar-refinery № 3 with the modernized production technology corresponded to the current domestic "State Sanitary Regulations for Planning and Development of the Settlements. SSR No. 173-96 " (p. 5.4) and "List of Maximum Allowable Concentrations of Chemical and Biological Substances in the Atmospheric Air of the Settlements " and the Directive 2008/50 / EU of the European Parliament and of the Council for the Ambient Air Quality and Cleaner Air for Europe, 21 May 2008.

10-16

Authors: BANDAZHEVSKYI Yu.I., DUBOVA N.F.

Objective: We determined the state of folate cycle and its link with thyroid system in the children of the Ukrainian Polissia after forest fires in the Chornobyl exclusion zone. Methods: Immunochemical, mathematical and statistical ones. Results: Blood homocysteine levels were statistically significantly higher in the subgroup of the children who were the carriers of the T risk allele of the MTHFR:С677Т genetic polymorphism living in Ivankovsky and Polessky regions than in the subgroup of the children without this allele. The examination of the children from the regions adjacent to the Chornobyl nuclear power plant allowed to identify in them the metabolic processes’ changes in the form of increased production of Нс due to the forest fires in the exclusion zone. Blood Hc levels were higher in the children from Ivankivskyi region examined after fires in the Chornobyl exclusion zone than in those from Poliskyi region examined before fires, including the majority of genetic subgroups, with the exception of the genetic subgroup which included cases of homozygous carriership of the T allele. Direct links between blood homocysteine and pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, homocysteine and triiodothyronine levels were detected in the group of the children from Ivankivskyi region who had higher blood homocysteine concentrations compared to the group of children from Polisskyi region. Сonclusions: It can be reasonably assumed that fires in the Chornobyl exclusion zone have a negative effect on the functioning of folate metabolism in a child’s organism.

21-26

Authors: МОСКВЯК Н.В.

Physical development is one of the leading health criteria that predetermine the necessity to perform population monitoring of the growth and formation processes in children. The purpose of the study was to determine the individual morphological indicators of 8 year old schoolchildren in Lviv, as well as to establish the differences between them and the anthropometric parameters of the children's population from urban agglomerations on the territory of other climatic-geographical zones of Ukraine and neighboring European states. Materials and methods. During 2015-2016 in accordance with the generally accepted methods of anthropometry, 2nd grade schoolchildren studying in municipal general education schools (GEEE) were surveyed. The study covered 459 children, among them 236 boys and 223 girls. The harmony of physical development was assessed by the value of the body mass index (BMI, Quetelet index, biomass index) as the ratio of body weight in kg to height in meters squared. In order to study the somatotype, the calculation of the proportionality index between the chest circumference and the body length according to M.V. Chernorutskyi was used. Results. On the basis of the conducted survey regression scales were developed for the evaluation of FD of 8 year old children. Among the surveyed urban 8 year old schoolchildren there is a predominance of a contingent of middle-height individuals; one third of children had a body length bigger or smaller than the specified range. Average values of BMI for children are in the range of 16.52 ± 0.42 kg / m² and 15.85 ± 0.38 kg / m² for boys and girls, respectively. A larger proportion of 8 year old schoolchildren (54.5%) have normosthenic built according to the proportionality index between the chest circumference and the body length. Comparison of BM and BL indicators of Lviv 8 year old schoolchildren with similar parameters of their peers in other countries (Poland, Belarus) indicates that there are no reliable differences. The established regularities indicate an increase in the anthropometric parameters of children in the southern and western regions in comparison with similar indicators of their peers living in the north, east and in the center of Ukraine. Conclusions. It is feasible to elaborate normative references of anthropometric parameters of children in accordance with the distribution of administrative units in the climatic-geographical zones and to take into account the active migration processes inherent in the present. The proposed normal reference ranges and the assessment of the level of FD in children should consist of 6 variants of regression scales or percentile charts and curves.

32-34

Authors: КОРОЛЬОВА Н.Д., ЧОРНА В.В., ГУМЕНЮК Н.І., АНГЕЛЬСЬКА В.Ю., ХЛЄСТОВА С.В.

This article includes questions about the usage of psychotropic and psychostimulant drugs by medical students during exams and its impact on the health of young generation. Objective: to analyze the characteristics of the impact of psychotropic and psychostimulant drugs on medical students of 2-6 course in Vinnytsia National Pirogov Memorial Medical University. Materials and methods: we have created a questionnaire which included 8 questions. With the help of what the survey was carried out. 358 people was involved in the survey, from which 55.1% (197) are female and 44.9% (161) are male. Results. It is worth noting that the usage of antidepressants have unequal prevalence among medical students in different courses of study.Among the students of the 2nd year, the students at least once used psychotropic drugs - 44.4%, at the third course - 63.6%, at the fourth - 36.2%, at the fifth - 50.2 %, on the 6th - 50.0%.The frequency of taking psychotropic drugs in time was: 50.0% of students used drugs before exams, 22% - after exams, 16.3% - constantly, 11.4% - "took like medical treatment ". Conclusion. Among the students we interviewed, 48% of people took nootropies, antidepressants, or a combination of them.The largest percent of consumers (63.6%) accounted for third-year students most of them was female (67%), sixth-year students (50.2%), with whom 71% were male.Probably it is connected with heavier mental pressure before testing at third and fifth courses and state exams at the 6 course.

41-46

Authors: MAKHNIUK V.M., HARKAVYI S.I., STYRTA Z.V., HARKAVYI S.S.

Objective: We performed the ecohygienic assessment of the impact of the activity of the enterprises for the production of asphalt concrete on the state of the environment with regard to the latest domestic legislation and the requirements of the EU Directives. Materials and methods: We used bibliosemantic, analytical methods and method of sanitary-and-epidemiological examination of design materials in the study. Results: The design materials of domestic asphalt concrete enterprises with the introduction of modern eco-preservingtechnology for the production of asphalt concrete, dust-cleaning systems and use of finished bitumen (products of oil refining) have been analyzed in this article. According to the results of the sanitary-and-epidemiological examination of design materials, it was established that the use of the effective system of dust-gas purification, the use of finished imported bitumen in the production ensured an observance of the maximum allowable concentrations of the pollutants in the ambient air at the boundary of the normative and designed sanitary-and-protective zones (SPZ). Conclusion: By the results of the analysis of design forms and records, it can be predicted that the asphalt concrete production with the use of modern technologies will ensure a compliance with the domestic sanitary legislation and Directive 2008/50 / EU of the European Parliament and the Council "On the ambient air quality and the cleaner air for Europe", May 21, 2008.

53-59

Authors: ЧЕРНИЧЕНКО І.О., БАЛЕНКО Н.В, ЛИТВИЧЕНКО О.М., БАБІЙ В.Ф., ГЛАВАЧЕК Д.О., КОНДРАТЕНКО О.Є.

Background: Nowadays, breast cancer is the most common hormone-dependent cancer among women worldwide. Etiology of breast cancer is multifactorial. The environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including persistent organochlorine pollutants, are one of supposed factors for the increase of the incidence of breast cancer. Objective: We analyzed the literary data concerning the role of some persistent organochlorine chemicals such as DDT, dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls in breast cancer formation. Results: The analysis of the epidemiological studies, despite their small number, demonstrates clearly the relationship of the exposure of studied endocrine disruptors with an increased risk of breast cancer in women. It has been established that exposure of EDCs during critical time periods (in utero, neonatal and pubertal), when hormones affect cell differentiation and tissue development, can disrupt the development of breast tissues and lead to the appearance of breast cancer in adult women. The results of the analysis confirm the relevance of the problem and the need in further research and solution of the issues of the population’s protection from the harmful effects of endocrine disruptors.

65-69

Authors: ТРОНЬКО М.Д., КРАВЧЕНКО В.І.

The review article considers the most important issues of mass group and individual prevention of iodine-related diseases. As the main means of mass iodine prophylaxis, the use of food iodized salt is recommended. The issues of safety of mass iodine prophylaxis and possible negative consequences of excessive iodine use due to inadequate prevention are considered. The efficiency of mass iodine prophylaxis by universal iodization of food salt is emphasized. The conclusion is made on the need for a legislative solution to the prevention of iodine-dependent diseases in Ukraine.

74-79

Authors: ЯВОРОВСЬКИЙ О.П., ПАУСТОВСЬКИЙ Ю.О., НІКІТЮК О.А., ШЕВЦОВА В.М., ЗЕНКІНА В.І., ГОНЧАРУК Г.О., ШКУРКО Г.А., СОЛОХА Н.В., БРУХНО Р.П., ЗІНЧЕНКО Т.А., МАРЧЕНКО М.Л., КУЮН Л.А., ГОЛУБЧИКОВА Т.В.

ThearticlecontainscoveredtheDepartmentofOccupationalHealthandOccupationalDiseasesdevelopmentperiodfromthe time of its foundation (1923) until today. During that period, the heads of the chair were A.M. Shevchenko (1972-1993) and A.P. Yavorovsky (from 1993 to the present day). Attention is focused on the changes in the educational activity and training of the staff of preventive doctors in the last twenty years have been characterized, especially those that are conditioned by the reform of the sanitary epidemiological service and the inclusion in the curricula and programs of new disciplines - "Life Safety, Bases of Bioethics and Biosafety", "Occupational Health and safety in the healthcare sector».

10-16

Authors: ТКАЧИШИН A.В.

Objective: to determine lipid panel indices in patients with essential hypertension (EH), complicated with hemorrhagic stroke (HS), after an early recovery period; to establish a formula for calculating the dose of rosuvastatin for such patients and to assess the safety profile of its treatment in 3 months after the starting date of 1-month treatment period. Materials and methods. There were formed 2 groups of people: 107 persons (56 women and 51 men, average (M±σ) age – 54,0±9,5 years) were involved in the main group, who have undergone HS as a complication of EH 6 months and more previously; the comparison group comprised 104 persons (54 women and 50 men, middle age 53,7±8,9 years old) with EH. They were matched groups according to key indicators. All the above-mentioned people underwent blood analysis on lipid panel indices. Results. Lipid panel indices in the main and control group (M±σ) were the following ones, respectively: total cholesterol 5,998±1,326 vs. 6,027±1,103 mmol/l; triglycerides 1,422±0,775 vs. 1,975±1,136 mmol/l; low density lipoprotein 4,196±1,021 vs. 4,301±0,884 mmol/l; very low density lipoprotein 0,619±0,356 vs. 0,719±0,268 mmol/l; high density lipoprotein 1,418±0,301 vs. 1,318±0,252 mmol/l, the difference is significant (p<0,05); the atherogenicity coefficient of 3,438±1,008 vs. 3,616±0,898. Conclusions. Patients with EH, who have suffered HS more than 6 months before and have recovered up to 50-100 points according to Barthel scale, compared with patients with EH stage II, have similar mean values of lipid panel indices, with the exception of high density lipoprotein index, which is bigger in patients with former cerebrovascular injury. A formula for selecting dosage of rosuvastatin has been developed to obtain the resulting low density lipoprotein level in the range of 2,198-2,500 mmol/l for the treatment after 6 months period from the incidence case of HS. It was determined that in the next 3 months period in case of rosuvastatin treatment of persons with former HS during the one-month period, there are no adverse effects in the form of further complications of HS.

23-28

Authors: ДЕПУТАТ Ю.М., ГУЛІЧ М.П.

Objective: We studied the organization of food supply for military personnel of the Ukrainian Armed Forces (UAF) by the common for all arms norm №1 in a zone of Joint Forces Operation (ATO) in 2017 – 2018 in comparison with 2015 – 2016. Methods: We performed a sociological questioning of the UAF military personnel in JFO zone (Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts) regarding the evaluation of organization and quality of food. 287 servicemen took part in the questioning in 2015-2016; 150 servicemen – in 2017-2018. We studied the quality of food intake components, keeping to a diet; evaluated the government nutrition system in a whole; and studied the priorities of wishes for nutrition improvement. Sociological, hygienic, and statistical methods were applied. We carried out a comparison of the organization of nutrition for military personnel in the JFO (ATO) zone in 2016–2016 and 2017–2018. Results: In 2017-2018 in comparison with 2015-2016, 38.9% of the respondents noted the positive shifts in the organization of the nutrition for military personnel in the east of Ukraine; about 50.5% of the respondents noted the absence of changes; about 10.6% of the respondents informed about a deterioration of nutrition. The respondents noted a number of significant shortcomings: irregular nutrition, inopportune preparation and delivery of food, food sameness, fast onset of hunger sensation. They expressed wishes for the improvement of food intake. Conclusion: The obtained results indicate a necessity for further improvement of the organization of food supply for military personnel of the Ukrainian Arm Forces in JFO zone by introduction and guarantee of all measures developed by the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, as well as a strict monitoring of these activities.

33-37

Authors: STORCHYLO O.V.

The low doses of irradiation cause a destructive effect not only on the organism but also on the subsequent generations of its offspring Objective: We determined the mechanisms of in vivo radioprotective and radiocorrective effects of dietary phytoadditive of milled milk thistle fruits on the systems of hydrolysis and transport of carbohydrates of various degrees of polymerization in a small intestine of the offspring of one-time irradiated male rats. Materials and methods: A single exposure of male rats was performed with a help of teletherapy gamma-apparatus "AGAT-R-1". A dose rate was 120 rad/min, a field - 20×20, a distance from the source of irradiation to the field - 75 cm, a dose - 0.5 Gy, an exposure time - 32 sec. Accumulating mucosa preparation (AMP) was produced by the Ugolev method [9]. AMP was incubated for an hour at t=37ºC in oxygenated medium. The solutions of 10 mmol/l of glucose or 5 mmol/l of maltose, made on the Ringer solution with pH 7.4, were used as an incubation medium. 3 drops of rabbit bile were added for emulsification into all media. Concentration of glucose was established by the colorimetric method with the help of photoelectrocolorimeter – CFC-2МP, λ= 625 nm. We assessed the activity of the transport of free and M-glucose in the AMP of the offspring of irradiated male rats under various conditions of the use of milk thistle by the parents. Results: The dietary additive of milled fruits of milk thistle causes a stimulation of the transport both free and M-glucose (1.6-fold in relation to the intact groups in both cases) in the offspring of irradiated male rats that got the thistle before irradiation and intact female rats (radioprotective effect), and respectively 2.7-fold and 2.8-fold in the offspring of irradiated hungry male rats through female rats that were consuming the thistle during lactation (radiocorrective effect). Conclusions: The dietary additive of milled fruits of milk thistle causes the radioprotective and radiocorrective effects in the offspring of the first generation of irradiated males. Realization of both effects has the gender features: radioprotective effect is realized through irradiated fed male rats that got thistle before irradiation and intact female rats but radiocorrective effect is realized in the offspring of irradiated hungry male rats through female rats that were consuming the thistle during lactation.

45-50

Authors: МАЛИШЕВСЬКА О. С., ГАРКАВИЙ С. І.

Objective: We conducted ecological-and-hygienic assessment of the building materials made of cement compositions filled with recycled polymer waste. Materials and methods: We used building materials made of cement-sand compositions filled with mechanically recycled polymer waste. The data of the instrumental research were obtained by the specialists and with the equipment of the Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast Laboratory Centre, MPHU for the research work N 0117U004237 under field conditions at the certified laboratory centres of Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University. Those data determined the impact of various aggressive media on the chemical destruction of the cement compositions filled with polymers. The investigations were carried out with the application of PET waste, PCH, and PE + PP mixtures; slag Portland cement; washed sand; device for mechanical activation of polymer waste; homo-mixer; laboratory balance; chemical reagents, and equipment for titration. The calculations were carried out according to SanNR 2.03.11-85 “Protection of building structures from corrosion”, SSU 4079-2001 “Determination of total chloride content”. The preparation of the cement-sand mixture and the study of physical-and-mechanical properties of the samples were made according to the standards EN 12390-5 and EN 206-1. Results and discussion: The results of the research showed that the smallest amount of the destruction products was extracted from the samples filled with PET (from 2% to 8% of the total weight of the filler) when there was a sharp decrease in the mass loss in samples due to the washing of CaO under conditions of carbon dioxide and extensible corrosion and as well as in rain and distilled water. Acceleration of the destruction of studied sample was noted in the magnesian medium; with PVC from 2% to 6%, there is a sharp decrease in the mass loss of the samples under conditions of all simulated corrosive media, as well as in rain and distilled water; with PE + PP mixture, from 0.25% to 1.25%, under conditions of all simulated aggressive media and in rain and distilled water. In our opinion, an increase in the stability of samples of cement compositions, filled with recycled polymers in aggressive media, is due to the formation of more dense structure with a large amount of low basic calcium hydrosilicates and solid solutions of hydroalumosilicate composition. Conclusions and prospects: Hygienic investigations have shown that the product of destruction of the samples of cement-sand compositions, filled with polymers, is a mixture of inorganic amorphous sediment, its main mass consists of CaO, Ca (OH)2, Ca (НСО3)2 from 97.4 % to 98.2 % of the total mass sediment, Mg (OH)2, Al2 (OH)3. Formed products of destruction are non-toxic insoluble or slightly soluble simple inorganic compounds that do not affect adversely the environment and human being. A study of the impact of the destruction products’ formation in the aggressive media of the surfactants, applied on the surface of polymer fillers to improve their adhesion to the components of the cement matrix, will be the main direction of the subsequent research.

56-60

Authors: СЕВАЛЬНЄВ А.І., ВОЛКОВА Ю.В.

The aim of the work is a hygienic estimation of the air pollution condition by fine suspended particular mater (PM10 and PM4) in the city of Zaporozhye. Materials and methods. The measurements of fine suspended particular mater PM10 and PM4 have been carried out since 2012 to 2017 years in the atmospheric air of Zaporozhye. It was used the KANOMAX-3521 aerosol analyzer for measurements. The data processing was performed with the statistical package of the licensed program “STATISTICA® for Windows 13.0” (StatSoft Inc., No. JPZ8041382130FRCN10-J) and the “Microsoft Excel” program. Results. It has been established that PM10 concentrations in the air of Zaporozhye exceed the recommended levels by the WHO guidelines for air quality. The average concentrations of РМ10 in the city - 0.14 ± 0.002 mg / m3, РМ4 - 0.07 ± 0.001 mg / m3, the concentration of РМ10 is 1.2 times higher (p<0.05) in the Voznesenovsky district. In the experimental areas, the concentration of PM10 is 1.08-1.9 times significantly higher (p <0.001) than in the control area. Maximal index of concentration was recorded in August (seasonality coefficient 1.8-1.83). It was established a strong inverse correlation between the relative humidity of the air and the concentration of PM10 (r = – 0.85) and PM4 (r = – 0.83) and the statistically significant difference between the concentrations of these substances in the evening and in the morning hours of the day (p <0.001). The results of the research indicate the necessity to organize the continuous monitoring of the fine suspended particular mater content in the air and the creation of a hygienic regulatory document for the PM.

69-74

Authors: АРУСТАМЯН О.М., ТКАЧИШИН В.С., КОНДРАТЮК В.Є., АЛЕКСІЙЧУК О.Ю.

The concept of the excessive physical activity in the sports of the highest achievements involves the presence of excessive load which significantly exceeds the individual physical capabilities of a man. Trauma, over-strain of individual organs and systems, fatigue are the main pathogenetic link in the development of the diseases in the athletes. Professional sport is a prerequisite for the development of injuries and various diseases. In general the athletes, engaged in running, skiing, cycling, swimming, and rowing, belong to the risk groups of cardiovascular diseases which work under conditions of high aerobic loads. Gymnasts, volleyball and football players, weightlifters, throwers, acrobats suffer from the overload of locomotorium. An unfavorable prognosis of the onset of diseases is also associated with the intake of pharmacological agents prohibited in sports. Directions of the preventive measures for the prevention of the diseases and injuries in sports include a complex of legal-and-organizational, methodological, sanitary-and-hygienic, socio-economic, therapeutic-and-preventive, and sports-pedagogical measures. The general directions of preventive measures include the primary prevention (at the individual level): the medical observation, protective equipment, rational nutrition, effective warm-up, etc.; secondary prevention (at the group level) - improvement of rules, agreements, information, education; tertiary prevention - social planning, legislation, economic investments. The effectiveness of the measures depends on a number of the factors of the organization of sports training, competitions, and health and functional possibilities of the athletes as well.