Environment&Health (Dovkillia ta zdorovia)

10-15

Authors: БУЗИННИЙ М.Г., МИХАЙЛОВА Л.Л.

The treatment methods for the removal of radon from drinking water were analyzed according to the materials of the final report of TENAWA European project. A need for the project was caused by the fact that in many countries the majority of the available groundwater resources contained a significant amount of natural radionuclides, radon in particular. We considered the results of laboratory and field investigations on the possibility of the use of various equipment and methods for the removal of radon from drinking water for individual and collective water pipes in Ukraine. Objective: We analyzed the effectiveness of various methods for the removal of radon from drinking artesian water under conditions of individual and collective water use. We assessed a possibility of the application of the methods in Ukraine and ascertained the practical aspects for their implementation. Materials and methods: We analyzed the final report of TENAWA European project on the treatment of artesian drinking water from radon. We studied the ways for the construction of the systems for the treatment of drinking water from radon using the processes of aeration or filtration on the granular activated carbon, the results of their tests, the effectiveness, the improvement of the quality of water from subsurface and underground sources for radon content. In our investigations we applied bibliographic, analytical, physical-and-chemical, sanitary-and-hygienic methods, and method of expert evaluation.

20-24

Authors: ЛОТОЦЬКА О.В., ПРОКОПОВ В.О.

Objectives: We calculated the risk ratio and assessed the risk of impact of drinking water with an increased content of nitrates on the health of the population in various regions of the Ternopil oblast. Materials and methods: We used the results of the monitoring of the compliance with the standards of drinking water quality indicators from decentralized sources by sanitary and chemical indicators in the Ternopil oblast obtained at the State Institution "Ternopil Regional Laboratory Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine". We used the data from the Information and Analytical Center for Medical Statistics in the Ternopil Oblast for 2010 and 2016 years. To achieve this goal, we applied hygienic, analytical, and statistical research methods. Results: There is a clear tendency to a significant number of deviations by sanitary and chemical indicators of water quality in nitrate content in the south and south-eastern parts of the Ternopil oblast. The assessment of the risk factor of the consumption of drinking water, contaminated with nitrates, in the Borshchevskyi, Zalishchytskyi and Chortkivskyi regions indicates a risk of the increase of non-infectious morbidity, especially for sensitive groups of the population. The results of the calculation of non-carcinogenic risk at the intake of nitrates with drinking water up to 2 MPCs showed that the quantity of the risk in all regions complied with the average risk and grew with an increase of their concentration in water. The probability of the development of the hazardous effects for the children is higher in all regions where consuming water has the same content of nitrates, the higher HQ indices indicate it. The high risk of the adverse effects in the most children is possible at the content of nitrates of 3-7 and more MACs in two regions of the Ternopil oblast – the Borshchevskyi and Zalishchytskyi ones. Estimation of the population health of the population in these regions with the help of demographic indicators showed that recent years mortality exceeds the birth rate. Conclusions. Thus, negative tendencies are noted in the health status of the population of the Ternopil region. In connection with this, it is necessary to develop and carry out urgent measures to prevent further contamination of underground sources of drinking water with nitrates and to prevent its negative impact on the health of the population.

32-36

Authors: ЛЮБАРЕЦЬ C.Ф., АНТОМОНОВ М.Ю.

The hard dental tissue lesions, enamel hypoplasia in particular, represent a significant problem within the broad range of dental pathologies. The most common hypoplasia complication is dental caries. Study objective: to increase the efficiency of predicting caries as a complication in children with permanent teeth enamel hypoplasia based on regression analysis taking into account the influence of negative environmental factors. Materials and methods. The study object is enamel hypoplasia and carious lesions of permanent teeth. The study subject is the clinical and biochemical characteristics of hard dental tissues. Results. The prevalence of enamel hypoplasia of permanent teeth and its complications in 2024 children - residents of five regions of Ukraine referred to various health groups were analyzed. The prevalence of dental caries as a complication of systemic enamel hypoplasia (SEH) was analyzed depending on the respondents age, health group and harmful environmental factors, ionizing radiation in particular. In order to study the influence of various factors on the dental caries as a complication of SEH, a regression analysis was applied, the model was adequate (F = 83.35, p < 0.001). Hygienic oral pattern makes the most important contribution to the development of dental caries (Green-Vermillion index = 39.10 %). Conclusions. 1. Based on the selected criteria of hygienic oral pattern (Green-Vermillion index) and teeth enamel resistance (enamel resistance test, phosphate content in intact enamel and oral fluid), a regression linear model was created to predict the probability of caries as a complication in children of different age groups with permanent teeth enamel hypoplasia. 2. The created regression linear model can be recommended for implementation in the practice of medical institutions of Ukraine to optimize the dental monitoring in children of different age groups including the inhabitants of territories contaminated with radionuclides after the Chornobyl accident.

40-47

Authors: ПРИКАЩИКОВА К.Є., КАПУСТИНСЬКА О.А., ЯРОШЕНКО Ж.С., КОСТЮК Г.В., ЛУК’ЯНЮК В.О., СИРОВЕНКО В.І., ОЛЕПІР О.В., РОМАНЕНКО Н.Т., ПОЛЯНСЬКА В.М.

Objective: We studied the features of the development of non-tumoral thyroid gland diseases in the residents of radioactive-contaminated territories (RCT) aged 0-60 years and the evacuees from the 30-km zone of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant aged 18-60 years at the date of the catastrophe for 1988-2016. Materials and methods: The database of the State Register of Ukraine (SRU) of the persons suffered from the ionizing radiation at the Chernobyl accident (98,902 residents of radioactive-contaminated territories and 63,146 persons evacuated from the 30-km zone of the Chernobyl NPP) was a source of information. We used the epidemiological research methods. For the period of the observation we assessed the features of the manifestations of non-tumoral thyroid gland diseases and their separate groups. Calculations of the indicators were carried out with the help of EXEL-2013 packages. Results: During thirty-years’epidemiological study of the structure of the diseases of endocrine system, digestive disorders, and metabolic disorders, the non-tumoral thyroid gland diseases (93.21% in RCT residents and 73.00% in the adult evacuees) were at the first place. Irrespective of gender and age, the group of diseases "other forms of non-toxic goiter (E04)" has the highest percentage among thyroid gland diseases in the total cohorts of the victims (87.09% in the residents of the RCT and 16% in the evacuees), the group of "thyroiditis (E06)" is at the second place in the structure, the group of "thyrotoxicosis (hyperthyroidism (E05) has the smallest proportion. The dependence of the development of thyroid gland diseases on the age of the suffered was determined: the structure of nosological forms was rapidly aggravated by the number of severe forms of diseases of the groups of "thyrotoxicosis (hyperthyreosis) (E05)" and "thyroiditis (E06)" in men and women with the age, but simultaneously a decrease of the group of the diseases "other forms of non-toxic goiter (E04)” was observed. Dependence of the structure of thyroid gland diseases on the gender of the patients was established. Among the inhabitants of the RCT, irrespective of their age, "other forms of nontoxic goiter (E04)" prevail among men, the "thyrotoxicosis (E05)" and "thyroiditis (E06)" groups prevail in women with the increase of the age. Among the evacuees there is an insignificance predominance of all forms of thyroid gland diseases in women in comparison with men, except "thyrotoxicosis (E05)" and "other forms of non-toxic goiter (E04)”. Conclusions: 1. Identification and assessment of the incidence of thyroid gland diseases in the residents of the RCT and the evacuees from the 30-kilometer zone of the Chernobyl NPP are of great importance among the effects-consequences of the Chernobyl accident: the rapid beginning of them in the younger age categories (child’s, young), the increase of the age of the victims, and the transition of light nosological forms into severe ones can lead to invalidism and disability of the patient (average age 47.5 years). 2. On the basis of performed analysis of non-tumoral thyroid gland diseases among the residents of RCT and the evacuees for the improvement of life quality and health of the suffered from the Chernobyl accident, we recommend to perform the dynamic monitoring of the patients at the primary level, to perform the explanatory work for the prevention of thyroid gland disease, and to adhere to the treatment protocols.

53-58

Authors: ЄЛЬЦОВА Л.Б., ОМЕЛЬЧУК С.Т., АЛЕКСІЙЧУК В.Д., ПЕТРОСЯН А.А.

Objectives: We estimated the frequency of the consumption of the food of vegetable origin in the food intake of the university students for the prevention of hypovitaminosis and hypomicroelementosis states. Materials and methods: The authors surveyed the students of the 2nd, 4th and 6th study years at O. Bohomolets National Medical University, using the questionnaire, and analyzed the obtained data on the medical students’ food intakes. The study included the data of 858 respondents (570 females and 288 males) aged 18-25 years. Results: The study represents the results of the estimation of the consumption of food of vegetable origin in the food intake of medical students. The consumption frequency of mentioned products was estimated according to the following grading: consumption once a day or more often, almost every day, once a week, some times a week, once or several times a month, rarely or never. The consumption frequency of such traditional for Ukrainians vegetables, as beet, carrot, cabbage and greenery was estimated. Taking into account national cuisine traditions, consumption of potatoes was assessed separately. Study of the consumption of fruit and berries, bread and bakery products, sweet products (sugar, jam, and honey), cereals, and pasta was performed as well. Conclusions: Only one third of the female respondents and 15% - 25% of the male ones consume vegetables every day. From 17% (the 2nd year of study) to 25% of the female respondents (the 6thyear of study) and one third of the male respondents, irrespective of the year of study, consume potatoes every day. Up to 40% of the male and 31% of the female respondents consume fruit daily. Bread and bakery products are consumed by up to 40% of the male and 30% of the female respondents daily. Cereals and pasta are consumed by almost 30% of the male and 15-19% of the female respondents every day or almost every day. One third of the male respondents and only 10-12% of the female ones consume sweet products (sugar, jam, honey) daily. In general, 70% of the students’ food intakes don’t comply with the National Guidelines on Nutrition.