Environment&Health (Dovkillia ta zdorovia)

10-15

Authors: БАНДАЖЕВСЬКИЙ Ю.І., ДУБОВА Н.Ф.

TT homozygous variant of MTHFR: С677T genetic polymorphism is associated with almost full loss of methylene tetrahydrofolatreductasa, the main enzyme of folate cycle. A degree of the manifestation of genetic polymorphism is connected with the external impact. Objective. We determined the phenotypical manifestation of MTHFR: С677T genotype in the groups of the children from the regions, contaminated with the radioactive agents as a result of the accident of the Chornobyl nuclear power plant and having a different level of social-and-economic development, using the parameters of the content of homocystein in blood and frequencies of the occurrence of the state of hyperhomocysteinemia. Methods: immunochemical, mathematical-andstatistical. Results. In the subgroup of the children-carriers of MTHFR:677ТT genotype, suffered from the accident at the Chornobyl nuclear power plant, a content of homocystein in blood was authentically larger in comparison with the subgroups of the children that were not the carrier of given genotype. The presence of risk allele of MTHFR:677ТT Т polymorphism predetermines the elevated homocystein formation in the children residing at the territory, contaminated with radioactive elements as a result of the accident at the Chornobyl nuclear power plant, in comparison with the children not having МTHFR:677ТT genotype in the content of their genome. Phenotypic manifestation of MTHFR:677ТT genome as elevated formation of homocystein in the organism (state of hyperhomocysteinemia) is more expressed in the children from the regions that are in worse social-and-economic conditions after the accident at the Chornobyl nuclear power plant.

19-22

Authors: БЕРДНИК О.В., РУДНИЦЬКА О.П., ДОБРЯНСЬКА О.В.

Objective. The revelation of the peculiarities of causes and conditions of formation of allergic diseases in children on population level. Results. According to the results of retrospective dynamic observation for 42 years, two-hill peculiarity of the curve of changing of the levels of prevalence of allergic diseases in children has been revealed regardless of the ecological conditions in their residence’ places. The causes of these diseases have been studied taking into account medical, ecological and ecological-hygienic approaches. Conclusions. In the conditions of a large-scale retrospective epidemiological study, the role of medical, environmental, weather-climatic factors in the formation of allergic diseases in children at the population level have been shown.

29-35

Authors: ЗОРИНА О.В.

The study is aimed at scientific substantiation and improvement of parameters and criteria of the potable and natural waters quality monitoring in accordance with the requirements of the European legislation. Materials. The analysis was carried out of the European and Ukrainian regulatory documents regarding the potable and natural waters quality. The quality of potable tap water from surface and subsurface sources of drinking water supply, in the bottling places, and packaged was investigated for meeting sanitary-chemical indicators in different regions of Ukraine during the last 17 years (more than 600 samples). Methods: bibliographical, regulatory-searching, hygiene, sanitary-chemical, and expert evaluating. Main results. The work consist of the scientific substantiation, systematization, and improvement of parameters and criteria of potable and natural waters quality monitoring in accordance with the requirements of the European legislation and on the basis of longitudinal research of priority indicators of the potable and natural waters quality, as well as the potable water influence on the consumer health. It is noted that the development of the program for monitoring the drinking water should be conducted taking into account the results of monitoring of natural waters. Improved analysis criteria that should be conducted in case of water monitoring development, it is proposed to analyze the presence of problem indicators, which concentration was unstable and exceeded 75% of the norm, as well as before cleaning exceeded the hygienic norm for drinking water. The comparative assessment of Directive 98/83/EC and ДСанПіН 2.2.4-171-10 concerning the procedure for monitoring the quality of drinking water by microbiological and organoleptic indicators showed that at the productivity of the water supply system up to 130 000 m3/day in the ДСанПіН the stricter control is regulated, which requires preservation in in case of implementation of the said directive. It has been found that Directive 98/83/EC does not have a procedure for monitoring the quality of drinking water in relation to the content of residual quantities of reagents and the hygiene standard for them (regulated in ДСанПіН 2.2.4-171-10), which needs to be preserved in the revised national regulatory document. We have found that refined drinking water of superficial sources of drinking water supply has a stable composition. Requirements for the quality of such waters and periodicity of their quality control are determined (coincide with the requirements for underground drinking water). The periodicity of mineral substances determination in potable water with artificial mineralization in potable water was reduced in bottling places with productivity less than 5m3/day in order to prevent the production and sales of the desalinated water (earlier – one time a week, now – one time per month). The standard for chlorates was established according to the WHO (0,7 mg/l) recommendations and the periodicity of the chlorates level control was set (one time per month in case of potable water disinfection with the chloride dioxide); stricter control of potable water quality was set for the content of trihalomethanes (in case of minimization of their content-at least on time per three months). It was pointed for the first time that after the water supply systems refurbishment and changes in the water treatment technology the manufacturers can carry out the potable water quality control not of a full list of the indicators, but only for those that can be changed, what is cost-effective. It was determined that there is a need in implementation of complex ecological hygienic monitoring of natural and potable waters as of today, what will be a significant step in improvement of the potable waters quality and European legislation implementation in Ukraine.

42-47

Authors: БІЛОУС О.С., РОДІНКОВА В.В., ЄРМІШЕВ О.В.

Fungi spores and fragments occur everywhere over non-polar regions of the Earth, especially over agricultural regions, make up to 45% of particles in the air bioaerosol and can cause symptoms of allergy. In the article, we described the spectrum of fungi spores as the potential aeroallergens and its temporal changes in the ambient air of the city of Vinnytsia. Materials and methods: We carried out the study with the help of volumetric method in 2009-2014, we detected more than 30 categories of spores of fungi in the atmosphere, many of them had clinically proved features to cause seasonal allergy. Results: Dominance of Cladosporium spores is demonstrated in the air bioaerosol, it conforms to the results of the observation in the majority of points throughout the world. In general, the representatives of the ascomycetes fungi (Ascomycota) dominated in ambient air, as well as the representatives of Basidiomycetes and pseudofungi (Oomycota). In particular, the list of the leaders by the indicator of the annual spore index consisted of Alternaria, Ascospora, Cladosporium, Coprinus, Didymella, Epicoccum, Ganoderma, Leptosphaeria, spores of Uredinales and Ustilaginales. Most of fungi spores were recorded in ambient air from June to October with clearly defined increases in concentration, basically due to Cladosporium spores in June and July. Peaks in July were characterized by Alternaria and Ascospores. A larger concentration of spores was observed in ambient air in autumn months than in spring months and in the first half of June. Conclusions: Findings on the spore content of ambient air for a long period of observation were obtained for Ukraine for the first time. The result will improve the diagnosis and prevention of seasonal allergy in our country.

54-57

Authors: СТАНКЕВИЧ В.В., КОВАЛЬ Н.М.

Objective : We substantiated the hygienic standard of the content of petroleum products (total) in agricultural soils and soils of the settlements’ territories of various functional use. Materials and methods : We used the gravimetric method for the determination of the actual content of totalpetroleum products in the samples of soils of the agricultural lands and soils from the territories of the settlements of various functional purposes. Under experimental conditions, we investigated the influence of different concentrations of petroleum products on the enzymatic (dehydrogenase) activity of soil microorganisms on the model soil media with different content of humus. Results: Soils with a higher content of humus are more resistant to the impact of oil products. Concentrations of the gasoline-diesel fraction of PP from 1.0 to 5.0 g/kg had a stimulating effect on the enzymatic activity of soil microflora and on the development of the crops for all types of soils; concentrations over 10.0 up to 20.0 g/kg inhibited this parameter sharply. The petrol fraction of PP provided more toxic effect on this indicator in comparison with the diesel fraction. When assessing the territories of different planning zones of the settlements, the significant fluctuations in the concentrations of the petroleum products were established, but with a certain correlation, depending on thef unctional zone. A streetroad dust is especially instructive by the artificial soils’ pollution levels. Conclusions.The allowable levels of oil products’ pollution were proposed for different planning zones of the territories of the settlements. As a safe concentration for the sum of petroleum products at the level of 1.0 g / kg (1000.0 mg / kg of soil) is proposed for the soils of agricultural purpose.

62-66

Authors: ТКАЧИШИНА Н.Ю.

We examined 398 workers of locomotive crews (WLC) and 116 engineers and technicians of the UR. We used the methods of vibration testing and capillaroscopy. The results of vibration testing showed that in the first 20 years of work, a decrease of the threshold of vibration sensitivity looked like an adaptation, and later an increase of the sensitivity threshold progressed. At capillaroscopy, the violation of microcirculation determines a tendency to increased arterial pressure, it is favoured by the peculiarity of the labour conditions of the WLC under conditions of emotional and intellectual tension and combined vibration effect.

71-75

Authors: ТУРОС О.І., СЛАУТЕНКО Є.Г., МИХІНА Л.І.

Background: Features of ambient air pollution at the border of the sanitary protection zone and the residential area with the emissions from modern powerful pig complexes are considered in the example of the pig complex with an annual capacity of 30 thousand heads. Objective: We assessed the ambient air pollution with the emissions from livestock farms in the example of the farms for pigs’ breeding (pig complexes) with a capacityof 30 thousand heads per year. Materials and methods: We used the method of bibliographic and bibliosemantic search; we performed field instrumental measurements of the concentration of the pollutants in the emissions from stationary sources of contamination of the pig complexes and in ambient air of the settlements. Results: The maximum concentrations of pollutants in the content of the emissions of pig complex (hydrogensulphide, ammonia, solidsuspended particles (PM)) were established not to exceed the maximum allowable emission. The average concentrations of the pollutants in ambient air in terms of the maximum single maximum allowable concentration (MPCotm) are exceeded only by hydrogensulfide (at a distance of upto 200 m - 2.5 MPCotm, at a distance of 500 m - 2.4 MPCotm, at 1000 m - 5 MPCotm), no excesses for other substances (ammonia, PM) were detected. Conclusions: The obtained results testify about absence of ambient air pollution with ammonia and PM emissions from pig complexes and its pollution with hydrogensulphide in concentrations, exceeding MPCotm, depending on distance (200, 500 and 1000 m). In addition, the obtained results make it possible to reduce the normative sizes of sanitary-and-protective zones of livestock complexes under condition of the use of modern production technologies for the maintenance and fattening of pigs, the organization of the production ventilation systems and the technological process of livestock breeding which reduce the emission of hydrogensulfide to the level of the standard MPCotm.