Environment&Health (Dovkillia ta zdorovia)

8-14

Authors: АПИХТІНА О.Л., КОЗЛОВ К.П.

Introduction: The introduction of cadmium nanoparticles (NP) into production makes it necessary to study the mechanism of their action both at the cellular level and at the level of organs and systems, the determination of biomarkers of their effects, especially comparing to its ionic form. Objective: We compared the content of micro- and macroelements in the spleen and thymus of experimental animals after exposure to cadmium sulfide NP and cadmium chloride. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on mature male Wistar rats 160-180 g, intraperitoneally injected with CdS NP of 4-6 nm and 9-11 nm sizes as well as CdCl2 in 0.08 mg/kg/day dose adjusted to cadmium. Toxic effects were evaluated after 30 injections (1.5 months), 60 injections (3 months) and in the post-exposure period (1.5 months after cessation of exposure). The study of macro- and trace elements was carried out by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Results: In the spleen and thymus of experimental animals increase in cadmium content and changes in the content of macro- and trace elements were registered in all groups comparing to the control group. In the spleen cadmium accumulated more intensively after exposure to the CdS NP, especially larger sizes, comparing to CdCl2. The accumulation of cadmium was accompanied by an increase in the level of copper and a decrease in the content of iron, zinc, and selenium. Less significant changes in the level of trace elements in the spleen was recorded after exposure to CdS NP 9-11 nm, comparing to CdS NP 4-6 nm and CdCl2. In the thymus, there was a significant accumulation of cadmium which was accompanied by an increase in the level of copper, a decrease in the level of iron, zinc and selenium. The most significant changes were recorded in animals exposed to low CdS NP 9-11 nm comparing to CdCl2. Intensive accumulation of cadmium and an imbalance of trace elements may play a leading role in the implementation of the immunotoxic activity of cadmium compounds in nano- and ionic form. Conclusions: Determination of the content of cadmium, macro- and microelements in the spleen and thymus allows to evaluate cadmium toxicokinetics in the body, predicting the pathogenetic features of its toxic effects, especially in the post-exposure period, as well as to study the pathogenesis of its immunotoxic action.

20-25

Authors: ПРИЛИПКО В. А., ОЗЕРОВА Ю. Ю.

Objective: study of the state of satisfaction of the population of surveillance areas (SA) of the NPP of certain spheres of quality of life and benefits and subventions for this category of population. Research methods. A sociological survey of the population of the SA Rivne NPP was conducted. The sample population was 232 people, the sampling error did not exceed 7.0%. The components of quality of life were studied: security and social protection, health, environment, welfare, employment, and more. Methods used: sociological, statistical and mathematical. Comparison of population groups: urban and rural, by sex and age. Results. Estimates of the overwhelming majority spheres of quality of life of the urban and rural population of the NPP vary from a "rather negative" to an "average" level and have a statistically significant difference in favor of the townspeople. A negative rating among the areas of quality of life takes up democratic governance, safety, health and welfare. The assessment of the security sphere varies depending on the age of the respondent (r=0,202 р ≤ 0,01). Below average limit - assessment of the health sphere. The revealed correlations between environmental assessment and level of education (r=0,263 р ≤ 0,01). The priority of choosing benefits and direct subventions depends on the place of residence. The social activity of the population in relation to the NPP work is estimated by the average score. Conclusion. The democratic system has no positive development, which increases the probability of social protests. Existing normative documents regulating the life safety of the population of the NPP are not fully implemented, the population is not confident in its security and protection. The probability of improving health, through optimization of medical care, was estimated by the population mediocre, without hope for positive changes in the health care system. Population SA NPP relates not use subsidies as priority actions for emergencies at nuclear power plants. The existing system of granting privileges and subventions in the SA NPP does not fulfill most tasks and requires revision taking into account the experience of world analogues.

31-35

Authors: МАЛЄЄВА Г.Ю., ПРИХОДЬКО О.Б., ЄМЕЦЬ Т.І.

Background: Ambrosia pollen is the most common reason of the seasonal allergies in the population. For better prophylaxis of pollinosis it is necessary to develop modern methods for prediction of the high content of pollen in the atmosphere. Objective: We improved the method for daily pollen forecast of aeropollenologic situation connected with the changes of ambrosia pollen amount in the air. Materials and methods: Monitoring of aeroallergic situation was made with volumetric trap. In our calculation we used the archive data of the weather station WMO 34601. Results of the research were processed with the help of STATISTICA 10 StatSoft Inc. program and Excel. Results: For ten years of the study we had accumulated material which allowed us to find some regularities of ambrosia pollen distribution in the atmospheric air of Zaporizhzhia on the days of pollination depending on the meteorological conditions. For the improvement of the forecast of aeroallergic situation we offer to use the formula for the determination of the expected daily amount of ambrosia pollen which is a product of pollen amount in the particular day as an average one for long-term study and the coefficients of the impact factors of the most significant meteorological factors. We calculated and used such coefficients as correction coefficient for the asymmetry of the pollen distribution according to days of pollination; coefficient of wind influence; coefficient of precipitation influence; coefficient of dependence of the amount of pollen in the air on atmospheric pressure; coefficient of the dependence of the amount of pollen on relative humidity. We also assessed the risk of allergic reaction development in the population by 5-point scale where 1 point corresponded to a low threat level and 5 points indicated the highest level of danger for the patients. Conclusions: The amount of ambrosia pollen in the particular days can significantly differ from the average indicators under the influence of various weather factors and there was no reliable correlation between the level of pollen and the intensity of the isolated factors. The mode of the influence of particular weather factors can change and even be opposite depending on the intensity or direction of the weather changes. The first attempt to calculate the expected amount of pollen as a product of the average values and the coefficients of meteorological impact showed a positive result. On the average for 10 years, the coefficient of the correlation between the level of pollen and forecast, made with the help of proposed method, made up 0.8 ± 0.06.Proposed method allows us to leave the subjective approach and to calculate the allergic prediction based on the weather forecast.

41-46

Authors: ГУЩУК І.В., БРЕЗЕЦЬКА О.І., ГУЩУК В.І., ДРАБ Р.Р.

There are the data on the quality of drinking water from decentralized sources of water supply in Rivne oblast, one of the oblasts of Ukraine, where the water supply of the population with drinking water is carried out from the underground aquifers. The materials were collected and analyzed on the compliance of drinking water with sanitary-chemical and sanitary-microbiological indicators in the districts for the period of 2004-2015. Objective: We assessed the ecological and hygienic state of the quality of drinking water from the sourcesof decentralized water supply in Rivne region during 2004 - 2015. Materials and methods: The laboratory data on the sanitary-chemical, microbiological, parasitological and radiological indices were used in the work. Systematization, processing and analysis of the research materials were carried out with the help of descriptive, dynamic and comparative methods. Results: Since 2004 – 2015, a number of the sources of decentralized water supply, including wells from 1347 to 1147 (-200), captures from 10 to 8 (-2) and artesian wells from 2 to 7 (+5) was stated to be decreased by 197 units in the oblast. The decrease was mainly due to the discontinuation of public wells’ exploitation. The average regional indicator of non-compliance of drinking water from the sources of decentralized water supply in terms of sanitary and chemical indicators was increased more than 2.5 times in the period under study from 14.5% in 2004 up to 40.0% in 2015. In recent 2 years a sharp increase in the percentage of non-compliance of the samples was noted from 21.2% in 2013 up to 40.0% in 2015. According to the microbiological indices, the average non-compliance rate for the above-mentioned period grew by 3.2% and amounted to 29.0% in 2015 at 25.8% in 2004. The sharp increase in the percentage of non-compliance of samples was noted in recent 2 years from 14.0% in 2013 up to 29.0% in 2015. Conclusion: The obtained results show that in the context of the development of the public health system in Ukraine it is necessary to continue the work on the determination of the correlation between the quality of drinking water and the state of morbidity in the oblast.

51-56

Authors: ГРЕБНЯК М.П., ФЕДОРЧЕНКО Р.А.

The purpose of the study was to justify the principles of preventing the adverse effects of industrial atmospheric pollution on human health. Objects and methods of research: to assess the exposure of atmospheric pollution screening for the health of the population of an industrial city, gross emissions from stationary and mobile sources by the level and spectrum of pollutants, the correlation between total air pollution and respiratory diseases, the incidence of the population, the coefficients of determination were studied. Results. The methodological basis for justifying the principles and measures for the prevention of the development of respiratory diseases is based on medical and environmental monitoring, establishing a causal relationship between environmental factors and the state of health, hygienic assessment of sanitary and epidemiological well-being. 7 principles of primary prevention, the object of which is the source and mechanism of occurrence / spread of the disease, are substantiated; 7 principles of secondary prevention, the object of which is a disease in acute or subacute stages; 3 of the principle of tertiary prevention, the object of which is disability / premature metering.

63-67

Authors: ТКАЧИШИНА Н.Ю.

We performed the ultrasound examination of the heart in 398 workers of locomotive crews (WLC) and 116 engineers and technicians of UR. The results of the study showed that there were the following changes in the WLC: aorta dilatation, early diastolic dysfunction of myocardium, specific dynamics of geometric changes in the left ventricle with the acquisition of a ball shape that was a feature of its modelling with a decrease of the stroke volume in an increase of the heart rate. Similar changes progress in the WLC at the increase of the seniority and contribute to the accelerated rate of aging under harmful working conditions.

73-76

Authors: МІЗЮК М. І., СУСЛИК З. Б., ЄРЕМЧУК Я. О.

Parameters of mental efficiency dynamics are the most informative criteria of the adaptation of child's organism to the educational load. Objective: We established the peculiarities of mental efficiency and progress of higher grades students at secondary schools in comparison aspect among the students began studying at the age of six and seven. Materials and methods: The research was carried out among 937 students, started studying at the age of six and 263 students started studying at the age of seven, depending on gender (girls, boys), grade (9th, 10th, 11th), place of residence (city, village) and the Prykarpattia’s zone (mountain, foothill, plain, Ivano-Frankivsk city). Assessment of mental efficiency in the senior students was carried out by the results of corrective test according to Anfimov’s tables before and after the lessons. Results: A higher level (p <0,05) of mental efficiency was observed in the students started studying at the age of six, namely by the parameters of the number of revised symbols, the number of correct actions, the number of errors, the coefficient of the efficiency in the 11th grade; number of revised symbols in the mountain zone, in Ivano-Frankivsk city; according to the number of missed symbols in the plain zone before the lessons and to the number of revised symbols and the number of correct actions after the lessons in Ivano-Frankivsk city. There are no significant differences in the dynamics of the parameters during the school day in the students by gender, place of residence, and zones of the Carpathian region. The progress of the students in Ukrainian, algebra, geometry and the average score are significantly higher among the children began studying at the age of six, namely in Ukrainian, algebra - in girls, in Ukrainian, algebra, geometry - in boys; in Ukrainian, algebra, geometry in the 9-th grade; in Ukrainian, algebra, geometry in the 10-th grade; in Ukrainian, algebra, geometry and average score – among the urban students; in algebra, geometry –among the rural students; in Ukrainian, algebra, geometry and average score –among the students of Ivano-Frankivsk city.