Environment&Health (Dovkillia ta zdorovia)

4-9

Authors: КОБЛЯНСЬКА А.В., СКЛЯРЕНКО К.А.

Study Objective. To study the fundamental European principles of NCD prevention, and minimize the impact of risk factors on population health, identify the environmental and social determinants that are directly related to the emergence of diseases and health conditions. Materials and methods: The sources of scientific information became legal documents, scientific and educational materials, WHO, as well as government regulations and key documents in the field of Public Health of Ukraine, in particular for the prevention of NCDs and to minimize the risk of exposure to hazardous factors. Results. The high prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases such as around the world, and in Ukraine, is a serious challenge to public health. Analyzes some of the most important strategic documents of the European Union on prevention and control of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) as adopted by the world health organization (WHO) at all levels - global, regional and national. International experience strongly suggests that the starting point for action in the field of health protection should be the distribution of actions across all sectors of government and society, recognizing the need for a comprehensive approach to the health of the population, embodied in the comprehensive national strategy aimed at addressing the most important priorities, with a clear indication of the future direction for the activities and the expected contributions from the different sectors of society and sectors of the economy. International experience, analysis of the performance and experience of carrying out the comprehensive program "Health of nation" for 2002-2011 in Ukraine is the basis for a multi-sectoral approach for the development of strategic projects of preventive medicine involving representatives of both state and non-state structures (ministries, departments, agencies, non-governmental and professional organizations).

13-17

Authors: СУРМАШЕВА О.В., РОМАНЕНКО Л.І., КОРЧАК Г.І., НІКОНОВА Н.О., ГОРВАЛЬ А.К., БЕРЕЗОВЧУК С.М., ДІДІКІН Г.Г.

The purpose of the study. The study of antimicrobial activity and physical properties of composite on the basis of kaolin and silver nanoparticles was the purpose of the study. Materials and methods. The composite on the basis of the preparation of kaolin “Kremnevit” and silver nanoparticles (NPS Ag) obtained by electron-beam evaporation in vacuum with subsequent deposition from the vapour phase has been created. Antimicrobial activity against E. coli was determined by suspension method. As the control was a solution of silver nitrate. Determination of the size, shape and distribution of NPS Ag has been performed by a scanning electron microscope of Tescan Vega GP. The stability of aqueous suspensions of the composite was recorded by laser correlation spectrometry in spectrometer "Zeta Sizer-3”, the concentration of silver by the method of atomic emission spectroscopy. The research results and their discussion. The obtained composite had high antimicrobial activity against E. coli. Composite diluted to a concentration of 0,27 мcg/g by silver exerted a bactericidal effect on microorganisms at a concentration of (4.5 x 106) CFU/ml for 24 hours, and diluted up to 2.7 mcg/g - for 4 hours of contact. Electron microscopy sized NPS Ag for the level of 10-60 nm, NPS Ag had a spherical shape. The most common size of the nanoparticles of kaolin is from 60-140 nm. NPS Ag form a stable structure with particles of kaolin. After 50 days of aging the suspension of the composite with concentration of 0.001% by silver had maintained its high antimicrobial activity, the concentration of NPS Ag in the supernatant was (0,054±0,011) µg/g. The high antimicrobial activity of the obtained composite material allowed recommend it for application in medicine for the prevention and treatment of infections of different localization, as enter sorbent in the gastro-intestinal infections, dysbacteriosis, as well as in other areas of biology and economy.

23-25

Authors: ЄРЕМ Т.В.

Objective. We studied the quantitative content of the heavy metals in the vegetable blend, grown on the territory of the Transcarpathian region that was a food intake of the local population. Materials and methods. We used such research methods of the study of microelement composition of vegetable blend: instrumental-and-laboratory, sanitary-and-chemical. All the digital data, obtained during the experiments, were processed by the methods of variation statistics. Results. In the course of our study we proved the presence of a low concentration of heavy metals in the food intakes of the inhabitants of the Transcarpathian region. Conclusions: The obtained data suggest that studied samples of the vegetable blend, comprising a food intake of the residents of the Transcarpathian region, should be considered ecologically pure by the content of lead and mercury. In case of their application they cannot be a reason of dangerous changes in the health state of the population. Monitoring of the content of heavy metals in the vegetables of the Transcarpathian region should be continued not only for current control of the quality of the foodstuffs, but also for the accumulation of the results of laboratory studies of heavy metals in the products of all areas of the region taking into account hydrogeological, agrochemical, climate-and-weather, and other conditions for the cultivation of the agricultural crops; storage, and processing, transportation of the foodstuffs.

30-35

Authors: ПОНОМАРЕНКО Н.П. ГАРКАВИЙ С.І., КОРШУН М.М., АНТОМОНОВ М.Ю.

Objective: assessment of the influence of environmental factors on the health indices of child population in rural areas of Chernihiv region. Materials and methods. The relationship between the level of primary and general morbidity in children of 0-14 years, stillbirth, perinatal, neonatal, postneonatal, infant mortality rates and the condition of contamination of drinking water, food, air and soil in the period of 2001-2012 was studied. Sources of information were the data of the Regional Centre for Information and Analytical Technologies, and Promoting a Healthy Lifestyle of Chernihiv Regional Council as well as the statistical form № 18 "Report on the environmental factors that affect the health of the population". A correlation analysis with the calculation of the Pearson correlation coefficient was used. Results. It was found that the leading factors that affect the health of the rural child population of Chernihiv region are the quality of drinking water by the sanitary-chemical and sanitary-bacteriological parameters, epidemiological and radiation safety of food, the quality of atmospheric air and helminthological soil pollution. Chemical pollution of food and bacteriological pollution of soil have much less influence on children's health. Between the chemical pollution of soil and the test parameters, the reliable positive connection was not revealed at all.

42-46

Authors: КАПРАНОВ С.В.

Objective. We studied the general and primary disability among children in the industrial cities with a high technological load and rural area with a less significant technological load, as well as in the Luhansk region in general during 1996-2013. Materials and methods. The estimation of primary and general disability in children under 17 years was performed on the basis of statistical data analysis of the annual reference books prepared by the Luhansk Regional Children's Hospital. Results and summary. Among the causes of general and primary children`s disability in the region, industrial towns and rural areas, the congenital anomalies (Q00-Q99) come the first, diseases of the nervous system (G00-G99) come the second, mental and behavioral disorders (F00-F59) are the third. Among the causes of common disability, the disorders of eye and adnexa (H00-H59) come the fourth, the endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (E00-E90) are the fifth. In the industrial cities with the large enterprises of black metallurgy and coke-chemical production, especially in Alchevsk, the endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (as one of the main causes of general and primary children`s disability) are largely determined by the adverse environmental conditions and other factors of urban environment. Children`s disability in Alchevsk due to blood and hemopoietic organs’ diseases, cerebral palsy, eye and adnexa diseases, diseases of digestive system, diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue is also caused by the influence of technogenic environment. We noted a statistically significant regularity of the increase of disability for C00-D48, E00-E90, H00-H59, L00-L99, M00-M99, N00-N99 and Q00-Q99 classes of diseases, especially C00-D48, E00-E90 and Q00-Q99 classes. The preventive measures were developed.

51-55

Authors: ШИДЛОВСЬКА Т.А., ШИДЛОВСЬКА Т.В., КОЗАК М.С., ОВСЯНИК К.В., СЕРБІН Г.С., ГВОЗДЕЦЬКИЙ В.А.

State of the problem. Negative role in the development of industrial noise professional hearing loss no doubt, but the mechanism of its action on the human body is very complex and not fully understood, while the vascular factor in the development of sensorineural hearing loss, many authors pay much attention. The objective was to conduct a comparative analysis of the results of research on auditory function, qualitative and quantitative indicators of rheoencephalography workers from different occupational groups in the coal industry with the sensorineural hearing loss and health of rovich normal-hearing control subjects with regard to noise load. Materials and methods: Was held rheoencephalography 50 workers. The con-trol group - 15 healthy individuals who had no complaints about the hearing loss. The study of auditory function was performed using a clinical audiometer AC-40, manufactured by "Interacoustics" (Denmark). Studies of cerebral hemodynamics was performed using computer rheograph firm "DX-system." Results. In a qualitative assessment of the patients we rheogram were found in violation of cerebral blood flow in the carotid (FM), and in vertebrobasilar (OM) systems. This was confirmed by the analysis of quantitative indicators REG workers studied groups. In all three patients studied groups when compared with the control game-registered poyu significant (P<0,05) increases in DUI, DKI and Ri, respectively characterizing the state of venous outflow, cerebral vascular tone and blood supply of the degree of intensity as in the carotid and especially in vertebrobasilar systems. Conclusion. The findings of investigation of cerebral hemodynamics show significant changes in blood vessels of the brain, especially in vertebrobasilar system. The data can also serve as diagnostic criteria for state workers of the coal industry, which can be used in the treatment of these patients, as well as physical fitness and career counseling people "noise" professions.

59-62

Authors: ТКАЧИШИНА Н.Ю., ДУМКА І.В., ТКАЧИШИН В.С.

Objective. We estimated a level of the functional state of cardiovascular system (CVS) and physical work capacity by the results of bicycle exercise (BE) in the subway electric locomotive operators (ELOs). Materials and Methods. Males, including 30 ELOs (main group) and 20 engineers (control group), were examined. According to age and work experience, the examined persons of the main group were divided into 3 subgroups: 7 persons – till 30 years old with a work experience till 5 years (23,3% – the 1-st subgroup); 17 persons – 30-40 years old with the work experience of 5-10 years (56,7% – the 2-nd subgroup); 6 persons – over 40 years old with work experience over 10 years (20,0% – the 3-rd subgroup). According to age and work experience, the examined persons of the control group were also divided into 3 subgroups: 5 persons– till 30 years old with the work experience till 5 years (25,0% – the 1-st subgroup); 10 persons – 30-40 years old with a work experience of 5-10 years (50,0% – the 2-nd subgroup); 5 person – of the examined ones, the 3-rd subgroup). Submaximal load was performed. While carrying out the BE, we fixed the values of heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), values at any degree of exercise, their initial level and results of the measurements at any exercise rate. We registered a time needed for the restoration of these parameters after exercises and also assessed a tolerance to physical exercises (TPE) and physical work capacity (PWC 170). A level of energy resources in myocardium was determined with the calculation of the Robinson's index. Results and Discussion. Results of the research demonstrate that all examined ELOs (100%) had no organic diseases of the CVS according to the BE data. Taking into account the BE results of the ELOs (heart rate and BP, at rest, and at any degree of exercises and after the exercises) it is possible to tell about sympathicotonia in the ELOs. Exercise tolerance and level of physical work capacity were estimated under the PWC 170 test. The ELOs, who were younger than 30 years with a work experience till 5 years, had the highest indices in comparison with those who were 30-40 years old with the work experience of 5-10 years and who were over 40 years old with the work the experience over 10 years. It may be connected with a long-term impact of stress factor on their organism and harmful occupational conditions. The Robinson's index in the ELOs who are younger than 30 years with a work experience till 5 years testifies about their high level of somatic health. In those ELOs who are 30-40 years old with a work experience of 5-10 years it testifies about an average level of somatic health and in those who are over 40 years old with the work experience over 10 years it testifies about a level of somatic health which is lower than an average one. Conclusions. There is a vegetative imbalance with sympathicotonia predomination in the ELOs, it can be a risk for the CVS diseases in the ELOs.

67-70

Authors: РІДКОВЕЦЬ С.Г.

Objective. We explored the possibilities of the monitoring of physical health the level as a mean of the evaluation of the effectiveness of health- improvement walking and race in practically healthy girls aged 19-20 years. Materials and Methods. 70 students of medical schools at the age of 19-20 with a "low" and "below average" levels of physical health, determined preliminary by the method of rapid assessment of physical health level according to Apanasenko, were examined in Kyiv. 2 groups were formed: primary (25 girls) and control (45 girls). In the primary group the lessons on physical training was conducted with the introduction of health-improvement walking. In the control group lessons on physical training was conducted by the standard program. Classes were conducted in accordance with the schedule of the academic group twice a week for 90 minutes. At the beginning and at the end of the academic year they were tested in order to identify the differences in physical development, physical fitness, somatic health, as well as in the indicators of health, activity, and mood. Results and discussion. Systematic use of health-improvement walking may improve the reduced body reserves, creating a positive influence on the state of individual reserves of the organism of practically healthy girls. Up to end of the experimental classes, the vital index (p≤0.05 by the Student criterion) was increased authentically in the girls of the primary group indicating the positive changes of the external respiration function, increase of the specific vital lung capacity, and aerobic possibilities of the organism.

73-77

Authors: ЯВОРОВСЬКИЙ О.П., ЦЕХМІСТЕР Я.В., САХАРЧУК І.М., ЄЗІКЯН Г.М.

The formation history of the Kyiv Medical Institute was investigated on the basis of the analysis of the archives-and-documentary, scientific-and-publicistic materials. The process of its formation was lasting for more than four years and passed over six periods in its development, which were changed depending on those or other political forces came to power. We have drawn a conclusion that the Kyiv Medical Institute, founded in 1920 as a higher national medical institution, became an assignee not only of the St. Volodymyr Imperial University Medical Faculty, as it had been considered before, but also of the Medical Faculty of the Ukrainian National University.

4-8

Authors: КАРЛОВА О.О., ЯВОРОВСЬКИЙ О.П.

Objective. We determined a character of the content of nitrogen oxide and its metabolites in blood depending on the lead concentration in the blood of electricians. Materials and methods. Monitoring result analysis by the index of lead concentration in the of 146 electricians of the PJSC Kabelnye Seti for repair and installation of cable net demonstrated that xenobiotic concentration in blood were determined in the limits of 1.34 -2.31 µmol/l, in 51 persons it exceeded an upper limit of the allowable values (1.93 µmol/l).Those levels are dangerous for the workers’ health. The symptoms of neurasthenic and astheno-vegetative syndromes prevailed in the clinical finding of the workers, just those persons made up the 1-st group. In 95 of them (65%) a content of lead in blood was at the allowable level (0.96-1.93 µmol/l). According to the data by I.N. Trakhteberg et al. (1999), it pointed to the presence of the metal in the organism. Taking into account the features of clinical manifestations of the astheno-vegetative and neurasthenic syndromes, the workers with the allowable content of lead were divided into two groups: the 2-nd group constituted 46 persons with the clinical symptoms of the severe astheno-vegetative syndrome; the 3-rd group made up 49 workers with the separate symptoms of astheno-vegetative syndroms in their clinical finding. Lead concentration in the blood of the 1-st group made up 2.12 ± 0.012 µmol/l, the 2-nd group – 1.92 ± 0.013 µmol/l, the 3-rd group – 1.72 ± 0.028 µmol/l. In each group of the examined persons the level of lead in blood differed authentically between each other (p<0.05). The control group consisted of 57 workers who didn’t have contact with lead according to their occupational anamnesis. Results. We presented the results of the examination of the workers exposed to lead. The revealed excess of the content of nitrates-nitrites in the blood serum of all examined workers was accompanied with the accumulation of the content of S-nitrozotioles (RS--NO +) and dinitrosyl iron complexes (RS-)2Fe + (NO+)2). Determination of the content of nitrites-nitrates (NO2-/NO3-) and their stable metabolites (S-nitrozotiol (RS--NO +) and dinitrozyl iron complexes (RS-)2Fe + (NO+)2) in serum was recommended as the markers of early diagnosis of endothelium dysfunction at lead intoxication.

13-16

Authors: РОГАЧ І.М., ЄРЕМ Т.В., ЄРЕМ Х.В.

Objective. We studied a content of fluor trace element in soil-foodstuffs-human chain for the revealing of the localities and the contingents of people with a deficit or a toxic concentration of this element. Materials and methods. We studied the soil samples taken from the lands of Transcarpathian region of all 13 administrative regions. Samples of vegetable mixture for study were taken in the local farms. We performed the analysis of water supply sources on the content of fluor of all regions of the region. Results. Ultra low fluor concentration was determined in the environmental objects (soil, drinking water) and in food intakes of the residents of the Transcarpathian region. Recommended and minimum allowable values (according to the physiological standards) of the consumption of fluor with a daily sets of the foodstuffs were calculated, taking into account a variability of factual nutrition, and for the representative prognostication of the population’s provision of fluor. Conclusions. Environmental objects of the Transcarpathian oblast show the ultralow content of the fluor trace element, it causes a hypofluorosis of the biosphere on the studied territory. We noted a fluor deficit in the organisms of the local residents because a content of fluor in the organism depended on the level of the intake and closely connected with the dissemination of the element in the biosphere of the region. We determined that index of the caries prevalence in the local residents made up 80-90%; CFE index (caries+ filling +extraction) made up 4.5-5.0 at average index in Ukraine of 2.75.

22-25

Authors: ШЕНЦОВА М.О., СУРМАШЕВА О.В., НІКОНОВА Н.О., САХНЮК О.М., НАСТОЯЩА Н.І.

Actuality of the work lies in the significance of the standardization of probiotic preparations. The standard samples of probiotic microorganisms are used for their standardization. Determination of standard samples’ safety is a compulsory condition. Materials and methods. We used generally accepted methods of the assessment of the microorganisms’ safety. Assessment of the safety of probiotic strains was conducted in acute and chronic experiments of the toxicity by the presence of lethal effect and change of the indices characterizing the functional state of the organism and separate organs of the experimental animals – mouse and rats. Results. During the testing of the strains B. bifidum and E. faecium at their single introduction into the organism of the animals (intraperitoneal, intragastric and intravenous) we failed to determine a main parameter of toxicity - an indicator of median lethal dose LD50. At the multiple introduction of the suspensions of probiotic strains B. bifidum and E. faecium into the organism the structural and functional changes in tissues and organs of experimental animals were not fixed, it indicates the strains’ safety. Thus, a safety of the microbial populations in the created standard samples B. bifidum and E. faecium was demonstrated in the models of acute and chronic experiments.

30-35

Authors: Махнюк В. М., Павленко Н. П., Фещенко К. Д., Могильний С.М.

Objective. We substantiated a significance of the hygienic indices of insolation and natural lighting at the design stage of residential complexes with the integrated educational institutions and other commercial facilities (social and domestic, administrative, public utilities, and others.) under conditions of the compact residential building. Methods. We used sanitary-and-hygienic, analytical methods, methods of sanitary-epidemiological examination, substantiation of proposals, and hygienic recommendations. Subject of inquiry. The results of the scientific sanitary-epidemiological examination of residential and recreational complex with the integrated and attached children’s preschool institution and commercial facilities (Kyiv) were the subject of inquiry in a given work. Results. In the presented project a placement of integrated and attached preschool institution and a number of the commercial facilities (social and domestic, administrative, public utilities, and others.) in the united planning space was provided by the architectural solutions. National legislation does not provide a placement of the above-mentioned objects in the united planning space of the residential complex. There is no experience of the functioning of the analogues existing objects both in Ukraine and abroad as well. The non-standard architectural planning solutions were applied for the supply of the standard levels of insolation and natural lighting of the classrooms and bedrooms oriented to the north-east, north and south facades. The height of these premises in the united building space is allowed from 3 m up to 7.6 m. As a result, the roof of the first floor has a "zig-zag" form on the south facade. The introduction of such innovations allowed a design of the additional upper side window on the wall of the south facade (7.6 m height) and a providing of the standard insolation and natural lighting in all classrooms irrespective of the facades’ orientation. Placement of the multifunctional objects on the 1st-2nd floors in the united building space and in the united outbuilding territory of the residential complex completely eliminates the possibility of providing the different functional areas of the adjacent territory. Such a placement does not provide a sanitary and epidemiological welfare for all groups of the population. The hygienic indices of insolation and natural lighting were substantiated to be the determinative indices of optimal planning organization of the territory of residential complexes under conditions of compact residential building.

40-43

Authors: ШЕВЦОВА Т.В., ШИДЛОВСЬКИЙ А.Ю., КОЗАК-ВОЛОШАНЕНКО Ю.М., ГВОЗДЕЦЬКИЙ В.А.

In the work hearing characteristics of noise in intensity and ego frequances characteristics of patients in comparative plan with beginning sensoneural hearing vascular and noise (Rabochie Coal Industry) origin. State of the problem: to make comparative analysis of patients with sensonevral hearing and vascular genesis noise on development, ushnoy noise intensity. Materials and methods. That was the 90 Study conducted of patients with primary vascular genesis and 49 - noise, availability subjective hearing noise. Audiometric examination was performed on clinical audiometer AC-40 company «Interacoustics» (Denmark) in soundproof chamber, where the background noise does not exceed 30 dB. Specified audiometer allows to investigate auditory sensitivity to tones from 0.125 to 8 kHz frequencies and 10; 11.2; 12.5; 14 i 16 kHz in air. Results. Among Coal Industry of employees noise observed in workers (58.8%), less - in another workers (53.8%) and else less (42.1%) of workers. Conclusion. Among Coal Industry of employees noise observed in of workers storm, something obviously, can load and vibration. Data mogut for Understanding pathogenesis of sensonevral hearing origin. With availability in noise workers and Coal Industry of abuse of patients with sensonevralnoy tuhouhostyu the study auditory function not only in (0,125-8 kHz), but in an enlarged and (9-16 kHz) frequency bands, something causes appearance sensonevral hearing.

51-56

Authors: ПЛАСТУНОВ Б.А., КОВАЛІВ М.О.

Aim: to assess according to accepted methods the physical and intellectual development of HMEI entrants. Results. It was established the morphofunctional development of HMEI entrants depending on sex, age, place of residence and nutritional status, including iodine and vitamin C supply and trans-alimentary lead intake. Approaches to optimize their nutritional status were identified.

61-63

Authors: СВЄТЛОВА О.Д.

We analyzed a morbid affection of the urban schoolchildren in the central region of Ukraine for the last 28 years. A significant increase of the level of the morbid affection among the middle school age children was revealed. For the studied period of time it grew more than twice as large from (425.98 ± 3.45)‰ in 1986 to (995.82 ± 0.63)‰ in 2013. According to our prognostication the morbid affection level among schoolchildren will increase in future and it will make up (1065.52 ± 61.59)-(1087.53 ± 64.86)‰ in 2014-2015. It is stipulated by the next increase of the proportion of diseases and functional disorders of musculoskeletal system, diseases of eyes and adnexa, digestive system, circulatory and nervous systems. For a decrease of these tendencies the additional health-improvement and rehabilitation measures should be performed.

68-72

Authors: СТАДНИК Л.Л., НОСИК О.В., ШАЛЬОПА О.Ю.

Objective. We studied the collective effective dose of the Ukrainian population and its distribution in different types of X-ray diagnostic examinations, assessed the irradiation doses of "standard" patients at the most wide spread X-ray examnations, and established the recommended diagnostic levels. Materials and methods. We used sociological (questionnaires), dosimetric (thermoluminescent, ionization), statistical methods. The evaluation of the frequency of X-ray examinations was carried out by the results of the survey of X-ray diagnostic radiological services of Ukraine. The collective effective dose of the population of medical X-ray exposure was defined. About 4,000 measurements of the entrance surface doses of the patients for 9 of the most mass types of radiographic examinations and chest fluorography by the method of thermoluminescence dosimetry were performed. The distribution of doses for each of the selected types of examination was studied, the values of the third quartiles of dose distributions were determined. A comparison of direct and indirect methods of the evaluation of the entrance surface doses of the patients was performed. Results and discussion. By the results of the performed survey of the state of X-ray diagnosis services we studied a structure of X-ray diagnostic examinations carried out in 2013 in Ukraine and assessed a collective dose of the of the population of the country which made up 32578.2 man-Sv. We established that film chest fluorography (37.2%) and radiography (31.4%) made the greatest contribution into the collective effective dose of medical exposure. The distribution of doses was studied by the results of the measurements of the entrance surface doses of the patients at chest radiography, cervical, thoracic, lumbar spine (in two projections), pelvis and chest fluorography, average doses’ meanings and the third quartiles were determined, they can be accepted as national diagnostic reference the selected types of investigations according to the diagnostic recommended levels (DRLs). Obtained meanings of diagnostic recommended levels were established to increase a reference diagnostic levels 1.3-2.0-fold by the selected types of the examinations according to the IAEA standards (BSS-115). Optimization of medical diagnostic exposure in Ukraine may be possible through the implementation of national DRLs for X-ray diagnostic examinations, performance of dose control of the “standard” patients and their comparison with the DRLs, revealing and removal of the reasons of the excess of doses by the quality control of the parameters of X-ray units, technology of the performance of X-ray diagnostic procedures.

77-79

Authors: ЯВОРОВСЬКИЙ О.П., ЦЕХМІСТЕР Я.В., САХАРЧУК І.М., ЄЗІКЯН Г.М.

The foundation history of the Kiev medical institute is investigated based on the archive and documentary, scientific and publicist materials analysis. It`s demonstrated that his foundation process lasted more than four years and passed in his development process six periods, which had been changed depending on those or other political forces governments. It is concluded that the Kiev medical institute is founded in 1920 as a higher national medical foundation became assignee not only St. Vladimir imperator`s university of the medical faculty as previously have thought, but also the medical faculty of the Ukrainian national university.

4-9

Authors: МАКОВЕЦЬКА Л.І., ГАНЖА О.Б., ГЛАВІН О.А., ДРУЖИНА М.О., ПАШКЕВИЧ Я.І., МИХАЙЛЕНКО В.М.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of prolonged inhalation exposure of exogenous NO on violation of free radicals and metabolic processes in an organism, which can lead to cancer. Materials and methods. The study has been carried out on male C57Bl/6 mice, 6 weeks old, weighing 20-25 g. The experimental animals were exposed to NO in inhalation chamber during 10 days for 14 hours per day with NO concentration of 50 mg/m3 of air. Free radical homeostasis assessed by the level of superoxide anion radical generation, the content of reduced glutathione, the chemiluminescence light sum, enzymatic activity of xanthine oxidoreductase and catalase. Results. It was shown that long-term inhalation of exogenous nitrogen oxides was accompanied by an increased rate of superoxide anion-radical generation in hepatocytes, decreased level of reduced glutathione, stimulation of xanthine oxidoreductase activity in the liver and decreased catalase activity in the blood of C57Bl/6 mice. Overall upward trend of chemiluminescence was registered that indicates the predominance of prooxidant processes in prooxidant-antioxidant balance in the blood. Thus, prolonged exposure of exogenous nitrogen oxides stimulated the oxidative stress development in mice, which was characterized by the intensification of the superoxide anion-radical generation, inhibition of catalase activity of antioxidant system and the shift of pro- antioxidant balance toward prooxidant processes that can lead to DNA damage and the development of genetic instability in cells.

14-19

Authors: ФЕДОРЕНКО В.І., КІЦУЛА Л.М.

Objective. We performed a comparative evaluation of anthropometric parameters (body length and weight, chest circumference) in 7-17 years-old schoolchildren in Western and Eastern regions of Ukraine for the establishment of the territorial peculiarities of their physical development as an example of the cities of Lviv and Luhansk. Materials and Methods. The anthropometric indices, obtained concurrently, and developed scales of physical development regression among 7-17 years-old schoolchildren in the cities of Lviv and Luhansk were the materials for the investigation. A reliability of the differences between the average values of body length and weight, and chest circumference of age-and-sex groups of schoolchildren of both cities was determined by the Student t-criterion. The peculiarities of harmonious physical development were considered on the base of the calculated body mass indices for each age-and-sex groups of schoolchildren and comparison of their values with the standards offered by Platonova A.H. (2012). Results. Significant differences between body length and weight, chest circumference were established among 7-17 years-old girls and boys in Lviv and Luhansk . Anthropometric indices by absolute values of the Lviv schoolchildren of all age–and-sex groups were higher than those of the schoolchildren of Luhansk. The Luhansk 16-years-old boys with a body length higher than in the Lviv schoolchildren of the same age and also 8-9-years-old boys and girls from Luhansk, whose weight exceeded the body weight in the Lviv schoolchildren of the same age, were the exception. Irregularity of harmonious physical development, disharmonious of physical development due to overweight in the separate age-and-sex groups of schoolchildren and excessive body weight of the Lviv elder schoolgirls were observed. The differences between physical development indices of schoolchildren from different regions can mainly depend on environmental pollution, inadequate nutrition and other factors which indicate the necessity of further study of causal-consequent relationships between indices of physical development and the affected factors, and also the turnover of the regional standards of physical development for its further evaluation in dynamics.

24-29

Authors: П’ЯТНИЦЯ-ГОРПИНЧЕНКО Н.К.

Purpose of the study was to generate the results of scientific studies, concerning algorithms for assessing the quality of workplace air, definition of priority problems, causing the need of further studying. Materials and methods. An analytical review of the scientific papers has been made, including abstract databases “PubMed” [http:www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed]. Results of studies and discussion. Monitoring of the industrial aerosols levels is the only way to relate occupational exposures to the revealed pathology. Published sources testify that a lot of issues related to the description of the air condition in the workplace environment require further study. Primarily, it concerns harmonization of the existing dust screening techniques through the development and adoption of appropriate national standards so that to obtain representative results of the research. Conclusion. The data set forth in the article allow to improve accomplishment of the sanitary inspection of the air environment of production facilities to ensure safe working conditions and prevent formation of the occupational diseases of the respiratory tracts.

33-36

Authors: ДУМКА І.В., ТКАЧИШИН В.С., ТКАЧИШИНА Н.Ю.

The purpose of research is studying parameters of heart rhythm variability (VRH) at electric train’s machineries of underground (ETM). Materials and methods. Two groups of persons are surveyed: 30 - ETM (the basic group), 30 - workers of a nonproduction link (control group). All surveyed persons of the basic and control groups are men. Distribution of the main group of persons over the age: 10 person - till 29 years (27,61±0,63), 10 person - 30-39 years (36,22±1,14), 10 person - 40 years and older (51,17±1,88). Distribution of persons of control group on age is identical the basic. VRH it was estimated according to the uniform international standard [11]. Results. The analysis of histograms of distribution R-R of intervals in the evaluation of HRV IEP shown that in the majority surveyed histograms which distribution differs from normal are registered. 22% of the surveyed was asymmetric histogram which can testify to presence of several episodes of change of normal rhythmic which can be caused by emotional factors; at 41% ETM appeared excessive histograms. The last are characterized by very narrow basis and the pointed top and observed at stress [4]. In fact, during a labour shift organism ETM is influenced by psychological and emotional stressors and the nature of such interest excesses can be explained by the fact that the body can`t remain indifferent to the working conditions associated with significant sensory and emotional stress loading. In 37% of histograms distribution of intervals R-R is close to normal. In 100% ETM registered overactive sympathetic-adrenal system, which displays a certain emotional stress experienced by the ETM in the course of employment. Conclusions. Presence of a significant amount of histograms, which distribution differs from normal, testifies to negative reaction from side cardio-vascular system on psycho-emotional stress-factors the nature which accompany with activity at ETM. Keywords: electric train’s machineries of underground, variability of a rhythm

40-43

Authors: Yakymenko I., Mor O., Tsybulin O., Kolesnik Ya., Kyrylenko S., Sidorik E.

Цель работы: Изучение особенностей пользования мобильными телефонами студенческой молодежью и оценка субъективных симптомов у пользователей мобильной связью. Материалы и методы: Методом анонимного анкетирования проведена оценка особенностей использования мобильных телефонов и субъективных симптомов у пользователей мобильными телефонами – студентов Киевского региона Украины (n=600). Результаты. Выявлено, что 37,8% опрошенных ощущают физический дискомфорт, а 40% – боль в голове и/или ухе во время разговоров по мобильному телефону. При этом среди тех, кто пользовался мобильным телефоном не более одного года, головную боль во время разговоров ощущали 16,7% опрошенных, а среди тех, кто пользовался телефоном болем 10 лет – 50%. Выводы. Интенсивное использование мобильных телефонов студенческой молодежью вызывает чувство физического дискомфорта и болей в голове и/или ухе у значительного числа пользователей.

50-53

Authors: СУРМАШЕВА О.В., ШЕНЦОВА М.О., НІКОНОВА Н.О.

Development and use of the standardized reference samples are one of the actual elements of the system providing a quality of medicines. Sensitivity of microorganisms, included in the composition of the agent, to the antimicrobial preparations is an important feature at the choice of probiotic preparations and assessment of their efficiency. Objective. We studied a sensitivity of lactic acid bacteria strains – B. bifidum and E. faecium, selected for the creation of the standard reference samples of probiotic microorganisms, to the basic groups of modern antimicrobial agents. Results. The obtained results testify that the studied strains were sensitive respectively to 42% (B.bifidum) and the 43% (E.faecium) of the preparations actively used in clinical practice. Determination of the probiotic strains’ sensitivity to the antimicrobial preparations can be an additional epidemiologic marker for the selection of the antimicrobial treatment regimens, performance of the epidemiological monitoring of pathogenes.

58-61

Authors: Трахтенгерц Г.Я.

Objective: determining the hazard class of waste mining and processing complex of Ukraine: the tailings of iron ore and mud from alumina production and the study of the influence of location of these industrial wastes on the environment. Materials and methods: In the course of work we studied the tailings of iron ore, red mud from alumina production, their localization, soil, biota soil microorganisms. Were applied physics-chemical, sanitary-chemical, bibliographic and analytical research methods. Results: studies were identified particle size distribution and the chemical composition of the waste and on the content of toxic compounds (heavy metals) defined their hazard class. Revealed the presence of the area contaminated with heavy metals of the soil adjacent to the waste tanks territories. It is established that in many cases, this area is outside the sanitary protection zones of size 300 m It is proved that the flow in the soil tailings of iron ore and red mud from alumina production due to their toxic components reduces the enzymatic activity of the soil and negatively affects biological properties.

67-72

Authors: ОМЕЛЬЧУК С.Т., ШКАРАПУТА Л.М., ПЕЛЬО І.М., ТИЩЕНКО Л.О., СТЕПАНЕНКО В.І., ЦЕХМІСТЕР Я.В., ШЕВЧЕНКО Л.О., БЛАГАЯ А.В.

Mycosises Treatment (fungal infections), despite the great achievements in the study of the etiology and pathogenesis, remains today a challenge, which leads to the search for new effective and safe medicinal substances. Objective: assessment of the potential risk of side adverse effects on the basis of a combined teobon-dithiomycocide and gentamicin preparation for the treatment of fungal infections of the skin. Methods. Studied compositions were containing various concentrations of teobon-dithiomycocide and gentamicin sulfate (Gentamicin). Study of acute oral toxicity was conducted on Wistar rats of both sexes by injection to the food using a metal probe. Skin-resorptive effect was studied on rats of the same strain, guinea pigs and rabbits by applying a drug solution and ointment with 24 hours exposure. Irritant effect on skin and mucous membranes was studied in rabbits by application of 0.5 ml of the preparation to the clipped skin under semiocclusive dressing and instillation of 0.1 ml of the preparation in the conjunctival sac of the eye, followed by assessment of the results. Allergic properties have been studied in guinea pigs. Cumulative properties were studied in rats for 2 months by administration of the preparation to the stomach at 135 mg/kg dose daily, and by simultaneous application on the skin at 300 mg/kg dose. The dynamics of animals’ behavior, food consumption and water intake were evaluated, body weight was recorded, and the state of the cardiovascular system, external respiration, central nervous system, haematological, biochemical, histological and macroscopic (skin) parameters were studied. Results. It was established that combined antimycotic, containing teobon-dithiomycocide and gentamicin sulfate active substances, is low toxicity for white mice and rats when administered into the stomach, and when applied on the skin in mice, rats, rabbits and guinea pigs. At the studied concentrations (with a maximum of 5% teobon-dithiomycocide and 0.1% gentamicin sulfate) preparation does not irritate the skin and does not damage the structure of the skin and subcutaneous tissues, as shown by histological studies. Allergic properties of the drug have not been revealed. Cumulative properties when administered into the stomach and simultaneously applied to the skin were not expressed. Conclusions. In the experiment carried out taking into account the conditions of use in medical practice, it was found that the studied preparation in aqueous solutions and petrolatum-based ointments is non-irritating to the skin and mucous membranes, has no adverse effect on the cardiovascular, respiratory, central nervous systems, the morphological composition of the blood, liver and kidney function and structure.

78-79

Authors: ГУЩУК І.В.

Objective. We determined the ways for the development of the preventive directions in the sphere of public health in the period of sanitary-and-epidemiological service reform. Materials and Methods. Legislative and standard-methodological materials. Results. We analyzed the materials of the changes in the character of the activity of the sanitary-and-epidemiological service of Ukraine for the last years. Assessment of the recommendations for the increase of its efficiency for the near perspective has been given. We propose a creation of the alternative preventive service as a development of public health system and construction of the latter with the preservation of the material and technical basis and personnel potential.

4-7

Authors: СЕМАШКО П.В.

The objective. To establish the expediency of application of the combined equivalent Lden and Ldn sound levels as a criteria of hygienic assessment of the acoustic condition of residential areas. Materials and methods. The calculation of dependencies "level of traffic noise - an irritation" " was in accordance with WHO recommendations (Burden of disease from environmental noise. Quantification of healthy life years lost in Europe; Night noise guidelines for Europe). The calculation of the combined level was conducted in accordance with Directive 2002/49/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25.06.2002 relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise. Results. Proved that violations of the existing permissible equivalent levels are possible with combined equivalent Lden, Ldn sound levels for hygienic assessment of the acoustic condition of residential areas. Is established that the combined equivalent Lden and Ldn sound levels is onenumerical criteria that do not consider the physiological human condition at different periods of CNS activity (work, rest, sleep). So they can`t be recommended for hygienic assessment of the acoustic condition of residential areas. Proved that the use of Lden and Ldn criteria to determine the percentage of public complaints (rated 'very irritates") to the traffic noise: underestimates the percentage of public complaints in comparison with the evaluation Lnight + Lday criteria (percentage of total complaints for night and daytime), underestimates the percentage of public complaints in comparison with the evaluation Lnight criteria (complaints at night), hides the distribution of complaints depending on the daytime, making it difficult to correct managerial decisions. Conclusions. Combined equivalent sound levels should not be used as criteria for evaluation of the sanitary condition of the acoustic condition of residential areas. The most appropriate criteria for hygienic sound assessment of residential areas are equivalent Lday and Lnight levels.

13-15

Authors: МАРАКУШИН Д.І.

The Objective: to analyze the content of serotonin and its precursor tryptophan in the brain of rats under the long-term influence of oxyethylized nonylphenols and their derivatives. Materials and methods. The experiments was carried out on the sexually mature rats-males of WAG population; rates orally received, before feeding, aqueous solutions of substances with 1/10 and 1/100 LD50 through a metal probe every day during 45 days. A level of serotonin and tryptophan in the brain of rats was determined by a chromatographic method on columns with cation-exchange resin. Results. We considered the regularities of the processes of adaptation and homeostasis under the influence on an organism of oxyethylized nonylphenols and their derivatives. Conclusions. It was established the influence of oxyethylized nonylphenols and their derivatives: sodium salts of carboxymethylates of oxyethylized isononylphenols on the processes of neuro-humoral regulation of rats, that is confirmed by disbalance of serotonergic neurotransmitter system of the brain. The decrease of serotonergic activity of the rats brain is proved in the conditions of the influence of the studied substances in a dose 1/10 DL50, and increase of serotonin synthesis (protectively-compensatory reaction of an organism) under the influence of substances in a dose 1/100 DL50.

21-24

Authors: ПАВЛЕНКО Т.О., АКСЬОНОВ М.В., ШАБУНІНА Н.Д., ФРИЗЮК М.А., ТАРАСЮК О.Є., КОВТОНЮК Н.Л., СЕМЕНЮК Н.Д., ФЕДОРЕНКО О.В., МИХАЙЛЕНКО О.В.

Management of waste in the oil and gas industry containing significant activity concentration of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) is one of the major problems over the world. Activity residues, oil-slimes and used processing facilities can generate considerable radiation exposure to industry workers due to radioactivity materials entry in the industrial zone and environment. The aim of the article is to search the NORM activity concentration in the industrial residues of some oil and gas enterprises of Ukraine to establish appropriateness of the regulatory control over these enterprises. Gamma-ray spectrometry, mathematical and statistical methods were used. Results. It is made measurements of activity concentration of some natural radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th, 210Pb, 238U, 235U, 223Ra, 227Th, 40K) in activity residues of some Ukrainian oil and gas enterprises. Basic statistical indicators of NORM activity concentration levels in residues of each enterprise were calculated. It is established that IAEA levels for clearance of material regarding activity concentration of radionuclides of natural origin 1 Bq•g-1 (1000 Bq•kg-1) aren’t exceeded in solid residue in respect of all mentioned natural radionuclides in two enterprises. Whereas scarcity of researched material it is recommended the additional residues measurements of industrial activity concerning these enterprises. Exceeding the IAEA levels for clearance in respect of four natural radionuclides (210Pb, 226Ra, 232Th, 238U) in waste of the oil and gas industry and solid residue are detected at two enterprises. It is recommended regulatory control over these enterprises.

31-34

Authors: ГАРКУША С.Л., КОРЗУН В.Н.

The objective. Development of methods of primary atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease prevention among a population. Materials and methods. Estimation of blood lipid spectrum, specifying the type of dyslipidemia and the degree of overweight with a body mass index, definition of the general and individual cardiovascular risk in the offices of the correction of overweight and treatment of various forms of obesity. Results. Outcome of primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic vascular disease among a population is improved by complex examination of patients with the purpose of timely revealing of the metabolic syndrome (abdominal obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus) and destination multimodality therapy, monthly monitoring in achieving the target levels of lipid parameters, arterial tension and normal body weight. Conclusions: Implementation of primary prophylaxis methods that include the identification of patients with metabolic syndrome and assessment of cardiovascular diseases developing risk, leads to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality from infarction and cerebral thrombosis.

38-44

Authors: ПОЛЬКА Н.С., СЕРГЕТА Д.П.

Objective. To study the scientific method of complex numerical score risk of adverse changes in the leading indicators of physical development and morphofunctional condition of the newborns. Materials and methods. Assessment of physical development and functional state of newborns and their mothers was carried out using conventional anthropometric techniques. Leading medical and social features of mothers life and lifestyle were determined through questionnaires and interviews, to determine the personality traits of mothers was used the psychodiagnostic methods. Results and discussion. The method of complex numerical score risk of adverse changes in the leading indicators of physical development and morphofunctional condition of the newborns is scientifically grounded during the research. It is an adequate to modern requirements, easy to use and informative tool, from prognostic position, to determine the prerequisites for the formation of alleged misstatements in the process of becoming morphofunctional state of the newborn girls and boys. The main stages of the practical interpretation of the methods are: determination on the basis of the application of sociological and psychodiagnostic methods of expressing the degree of medical and social characteristics, features of daily activities and mothers personal characteristics (stage 1); evaluation of the results obtained in points according to a specially designed scoring scales (stage 2); calculation of integrated indicators for assessing the risk of adverse changes in the leading indicators of physical development and morphofunctional condition of the newborns according to the medical and social, regime-significant and personal prognostic determinants (stage 3); estimation of the integral index, calculated on the basis of quantitative criteria for their content evaluation (stage 4); determining individualized, according to the direction and content of each of the determinants, strategies prophylactic activities and psychohygienic correction of deviations (stage 5).

50-52

Authors: ЗАВАДА М.І.

Objective to determine the criteria of unsatisfactory adaptation prediction to studying of children enrolled in the first grade of secondary boarding schools. Materials and methods. Adaptation of 235 first graders boarding schools was evaluated for the annual dynamics of physical development, cardiovascular and psycho-physiological development. Results. Growth inhibition in children in the end of I-st quarter, I-st semester and year, absence of changes or diminishing in these terms of body weight, the quality index of blood circulation as a reaction on loading, speeds of visual information processing in more than half of children specify the delay of adaptation in the expected terms of its offensive. These processes are peculiar to the children who on entering school were characterized by low rates of reaction (≤0,01 conditional units), by readiness for training (test-Kern Jirásek ≥9 balls), by speed of processing of visual information (≤0,2 bit/s), by the body mass index ≤15 or ≥16 or in combination of two or more unsatisfactory ratings on these indicators. This complex is offered as criteria for the formation of groups at risk of unsatisfactory adaptation for entering children to boarding schools.

62-37

Authors: Крупка Н.О., Лотоцька-Дудик У.Б.

The aim of the work was to analyse regularity of formation, accumulation, methods of treatment and utilization of waste in Lviv region with the subsequent formation of the ways to increase environmental and economic efficiency of their reuse. Materials and methods. Materials of the Program of hard domestic waste treatment in the Lviv region, State committee of statistics of Ukraine, Main Statistical Office and Main Department of Environmental Protection in the Lviv region, the results of own research were used for an analysis and evaluation of Waste Issues in the Lviv region. Results. In the last few years the tendency to the increase of waste accumulation is observed. It causes the increase of amount of unauthorized dumps and grounds. The ways of waste and the main indicators of treatment were analysed. Public opinion about the implementation of separate collection of municipal solid waste was studied. The main problems of waste management and ways to solve them were indicated and outlined. Conclusions. For solving the problems of education, treatment and disposal in the Lviv region is necessary to form a regional co-ordinating center for waste management, introduce the main disposal methods involving new technologies and investments.

71-74

Authors: КАРЛОВА О.О.

The Objective. The study of the features of laboratory and instrumental changes in workers exposed by lead, the conducting the prognostic evaluation of the studied parameters. Materials and Methods. The 203 patients were examined on the basis of MCU number 18 of Ministry of Health of Ukraine in Kiev. All patients were divided into 3 groups at depending on the level of blood lead. The І group included the patients with the level of blood lead of 2,12 ± 0,013 micromole/l, in ІІ group — 1,92 ± 0,013 micromole/l, in ІІІ group — with a minimum level of blood lead is 1,72 ± 0,028 micromole/l. Age of patients was ranged from 35 to 47 years. The average age of patients for the І group (51 people) was 43,5 ± 1,3 years, the ІІ group (46 people) — 39,9 ± 1,8 years, the ІІІ (49 people) — 40,3 ± 1.4 years. The control group included 57 healthy persons, whose average age was 44,7 ± 1,5 years. Only male were examined. Results. The paper presents data on the characteristics of ultrasound changes of the hepatobiliary system with lead exposure. The results of the ultrasonic examination of the liver depending on the level of lead in blood are shown. Investigated basic biochemical blood indices that reflect the functional state of the hepatobiliary system (bilirubin, ALT, AST, Ritis ratio, total cholesterol, blood glucose). To evaluate the diagnostic efficiency indicators we defined diagnostic (prognostic) significance for the individual levels. Performed calculation of the following parameters: sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy (efficiency), the relative risks. For all diagnostic characteristics determined the confidence interval and checked the statistical significance at not less than 95%. Used the method of ROC-analysis to determine the threshold levels of the indicators used as markers of the severity of changes in workers exposed lead. Conclusions: steatosis and diffuse changes in the liver are the most common in the structure of sonographic pathology the frequency of which are increases with the blood lead levels. In group I patients had the maximum values of transaminases ALT and AST in the backdrop of reducing de Ritis index, which indicates the genesis of toxic liver damage upon exposure. CWR value of the right lobe more than 148 mm is the threshold level for the index ultrasound examination of the liver. The excess of these levels is associated with high blood levels of lead and has a statistically significant predictive efficiency (p<0.05).