Environment&Health (Dovkillia ta zdorovia)

4-9

Authors: Винарська О., Черниченко О., Спаська Ю.С., Григоренко Л., Баленко Н.В., Соверткова Л.С.

Objective. To substantiate criterial - significant immunologic effects of endogenous nitrosamines and their precursors. Materials and methods: Nitrosamines precursors were administered to random-bred white rats: tetracyclin (4 mg/rat) in food, sodium nitrite (4, 10, 20 mg/rat) in drinking water. Methods: gas-chromatographic (determination of N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), in the animals organs; hematological, immunological (white blood cell count, formed elemnts count, T- and B-lymphocytes, and natural killer cells,immediate and delayed hypersensitivity types, phagocytosis, the level of circulating immune complexes); the pathomorphological, statistical. Results. Dependencies of immunological effects "a dose of precursors - he content of endogenous nitrosamines" in the organs of experimental animals are established. Revealed a dose-hour regularities of manifestation of immunotoxic effect of endogenous carcinogens and their precursors. The carcinogenic danger of the endogenously synthesized nitrosamines was proved which was appeared by development of tumors in depend on a dose of precursors. The highest dose of sodium nitrite (20 mg/anim) in a combination with tetracycline (4 mg/anim) leads to the suppression of T- and B-links of immune system, decreasing the number of natural killer cells, to development of immunologic reactions of I, III, IV types at an early stage of formation of endogenous nitrosamines and induces tumors in 72,7% of animals. By reducing dose to 10 mg/anim. all of the immunological effects occur only after 6 months of exposure. Decreasing of tumors development to 13,3% of cases was also established. Results of researches allowed to subtantiate of criterial the list significant immunological parameters.

14-48

Authors: Гуліч М.П., Харченко О.О., Ємченко Н.Л., Єрмоленко В.П., Моісеєнко

The objective of the work was to study the composition, properties, and chemical purity of magnesium nanocitrate; to obtain the toxicological and biological characteristics. Research objects. Solutions of magnesium citrate, produced by aqua nanotechnology, and inorganic compound - sulphate of magnesium. Materials and methods: a method for chelatometric titration with the acidic chromium dark blue as an indicator was taken for the determination of magnesium. Citrate-ion was determined by the HELC method. Determination of magnesium in biomaterial was performed by the atomic-absorption method. Assessment of chemical purity of these citrates performed of spectral analysis. Results. Сhemism of citrate, produced by nanotechnology, complied with the same of typical magnesium citrate. Spectral analysis of the compounds, extracted from the solutions, for the determination of the content of Si, Al, Cu, Fe, Ca, Cr, Ti, Mn, and Ni in them and also a voltamperemetric determination of Pb and Cd in them showed that total content of these nanocitrates of admixtures varied from 0.03 up to 0.13%, that allowed to qualify them as “ultra pure”. Comparative study of magnesium nanocitrate and its sulphate had been performed on the white mice at the intragastric administration of these substances, containing magnesium in a dose corresponding their daily need, during 14 days showed that its level was authentically higher (by 10-40%) practically in all samples of organs and tissues (especially of bone tissue) of the experimental animals than in the samples obtained from the mice which were administrated MgSO 4 solution. That testified about higher assimilability of this metal from its nanocitrate. Thus we have determined that magnesium nanocitrate close to the typical citrates by stoichiometry doesn’t differ from them by chemism and reaction ability. They are not toxic, chemical cleaner in comparison with the commercial magnesium citrate, differ of larger biological availability and therefore can be used for the enrichment of the foodstuffs with magnesium.

24-29

Authors: Кононко В., Щербицька О.В., Кліпов В.Д., Сергєєв В.П., Уварова В.

The objective: generalization of knowledge about environmental issues and the search for effective and harmless nanomaterials and nanotechnologies to solve environmental problems. Мaterials. Characteristics of activated nanostructured fibrous carbon material (AUVM “Dniepr”-MN) designed at Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS of Ukraine on the basis of rayon fiber are presented. Presence of nanostructures in the form of graphite nanopackages, nanobulbs, nanofibers, and nanotubes in it has been shown. Methods for investigation. Activated and modified fibrous carbon materials in the form of different textile structures such as knit and soot were used as samples to be studied. Porous structure of the samples was estimated via absorption of benzene vapors. The specific surface area was determined using the BET method. The concentration of phenol was measured by the colorimetric method. Sorption of metals was conducted in a static mode. The metal concentration was determined using an atom-adsorption spectrometer AAS3 and standard techniques for control of drinking water quality. The content of active chlorine was established by an iodine-metrical analysis. A special technique was used for estimation of the adsorption capacity of adsorbents towards iodine and methyl iodine vapors. Results. The peculiarities of AUVM structure formation have been studied depending on the conditions of fabrication, activation and modification of carbon fibers. The porous structure of AUVM as a sorbent and its sorption characteristics as well as the kinetics of adsorption of harmful substances namely phenol, heavy and toxic metals, chlorine and its compounds in the course of water purification were investigated depending on their concentration in solutions. The universal sorption activity of AUVM towards a number of environment pollutants has been demonstrated, which evidences to its possible successful application both under extraordinary conditions and in everyday life. The developed AUVM was shown to have significant advantages over traditionally used in industry activated carbon of the trades SKT, “Buosofit” and BAU. The possibility of using AUVM at nuclear plants as a filter filler in air purification systems and special systems for air purification from vapors of iodine and iodine methyl was demonstrated.

34-36

Authors: Долінчук Л.В.

The Objective. Define the role of TІMP-2 gene polymorphism ( rs9900972 ) in the development of a genetic predisposition to COPD in order to improve early detection and primary prevention of disease. Materials and methods. The genotypes of the TIMP-2 gene polymorphisms ( rs9900972 ) was determined in 72 patients with COPD and 79 healthy controls. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for genotyping of polymorphisms in TIMP-2 gene. Results and discussion. The study determined frequency distribution of alleles and genotypes for gene TІMP-2. Determined the amount of OR and identified an association between genotypes TIMP-2*GA (OR = 1,77; 95% CI: 0,83-3,77) and TIMP-2*AA (OR = 3,29; 95% CI: 0, 35-30.94) at high risk of developing COPD in the study group. We also have found that genotype TIMP-2*GG cause the resistance to the development of COPD (OR = 0,51; 95% CI: 0,24-1,06). Conclusions. The protective role of the dominant allele TIMP-2*G and genotype TIMP-2*GG (p < 0,05) in miners working in conditions of high concentrations of coal dust was founded. Shown, that the minor genotype TIMP-2*AA can be associated with the risk of COPD in the study group.

42-45

Authors: Синетар Е.О., Покас О.В., Авдєєва Л.В.

To determine the action of selenium on nanoaquahelate biofilm formation of E. faecalis and C. albicans in association on the silicone catheter. Methods. The study was performed using bacteriological and electron microscopic techniques. Results. We found C. albicans cells association with subsequent groupings (agglomerates) and a smaller number of attached cells of E. faecalis on the outer and inner surfaces of the unprocessed nanoselenium catheter fragment. At the same time, the internal and external surfaces of the catheter fragments treated nanoselenium at a concentration of 0.01 mg / ml was observed lower number of attached cells of E. faecalis and C. albicans compared to controls. Conclusions. The drug nanoaquahelate selenium concentration of 0.01 mg / ml reduces the number of attached cells of the test strains, affecting the change in morphological traits (shrivelling) cells of C. albicans which may indicate the effect of selenium on the cytoderm of the test strain. Concentration of nanoselenim 0.0025 mg / ml led to the formation of biofilm in the test strains for 24 hours, and the drug is not recommended to be used in low concentrations.

49-54

Authors: Капустинська О.А.

Characterization of the dynamics and structure of the circulatory system (CS) pathology of evacuated taking into account the age at the time of the accident, sex, and time at risk. The observation period 1988-2010. Research Methods. As the source of information served the data of the State register of persons affected by the Chоrnobyl disaster. In order to settle the matter the cohorts had been formed from the evacuated people who was registered. Results. The results of the epidemiological researches testify that the post-repair period was marked by the increasing the number of blood-vascular system disease. The main increasing was observed after 12-22 years repair. The substantial changes took place in the structure of diseases of blood-vascular system. On the first stage (5 years) hypertension took the first place, the next ischemic heart disease followed and cerebrovascular disease took the third place. On the stage of 17-22 years after repair the picture has changed - ischemic heart disease took the first place and hypertension occupied the second one. Cerebrovascular disease kept the third place. With the extension of the observation period the level of cerebrovascular disease increased from 6,5 percent in 1988-1992 to 15,8 percent in 2009-2010. The increasing of the diseases level found out in both men and women, but men’s level of disease exceeded considerably. Men’s indexes reached the maximum in 2003-2008. Next years it was noticed substantial lowering of index (authentic lowering in 2009-2010 in comparison 1988-1992 and 2003-2008). Women’s rise of morbidity has marked to 2003 with maximum in 1998-2002 and then the indexes went down. As regards to changes in the dynamics of incidence on separate nosological entities, the significant difference observed in the level of hypertension, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease. Severe complications such as stroke, cerebral infarction, myocardial infarction is more common in men in the later periods of observation. Through 22-24 years it is established a clear downward trend in the incidence of a test contingent, which is associated with the implementation of these diseases, and with a significant increase of mortality among certain categories of victims. Conclusion. Nowadays the analyses of the CS morbidity level depending on the dose of the irradiation observed thyroid gland sickness, the external radioactive irradiation and the separate factors of the non-irradiation characters (Clinical-epidemiological observation data) is being carried out. It will help to establish the possible dependence of the growing blood-vascular system morbidity in adult evacuated population at the post-repair after the effects of radioactive and separate non-radioactive factors.

61-62

Authors: Трахтенберг М.

The authors find it necessary to focus particular attention on present-day questions and problems in settlements’ planning health and safety due to the introduction of innovative processes in science, reform of central authorities, the reorganization of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of Ukraine. The legislative and regulatory framework on settlements’ planning hygiene was analyzed and specific measures for the legislative regulation of problematic issues were suggested.

75-79

Authors: Савіна Р.В., Савицька О., Булгаков В.В.

Objective. Comparative analysis of the main indicators of scientific activity SI „IGME” for 2010-2013 years. Materials and methods. Volume documentary array of scientific output of the Institute amounted to more than 1,400 units. We used the analytical, statistical and mathematical methods. Results. Information materials of research institute were collected and processed. Was marked the positive dynamics of presenting the achievements of Ukrainian hygienists in international scientific journals. Results of the scientific researches are reflected in more than 1 116 publications, including 112 foreign. The institute employees are participated in more than 600 scientific forums, actively interacting with the institutions and organizations of various ministries and departments: prepared 94 regulations, 26 patents, 63 newsletters. Found that the research results of SI "IGME NAMSU" scientific units is widely implemented in the practical work of the various ministries and departments of Ukraine.

4-10

Authors: Тимченко О., Процюк О.В., Омельченко Е.М., Линчак О.В., Поканєвич Т.М., Микитенко Д.О., Качко Г.О., Кабанець Т.М.

Demographic crisis and environmental degradation changed the live conditions of the inhabitants; that may influence biological characteristics of human population and its adaptation possibilities. The objective to estimate the Ukrainian population adaptation level by its reproductive potential, selection size, weight of newborns and congenital malformations frequency among them, marriage migrations outcomes. Materials and Methods. The data of State Statistics Committee of Ukraine and Ministry of Health of Ukraine within 2002-2012 were analyzed. Was estimated the specific gravity of optimal reproductive women age and 0-14 years old children. Was estimated the relative risk of low birth weight, perinatal death and infertility in regions relative to the national average except those for which the relative risk was calculated. Newborns weight data were received from maternity hospitals documentation over generation in Cherkasy, Zhytomyr, Kyiv regions. Marriage distance was estimated in the cases of infertility, spontaneous abortions, congenital malformations and healthy children birth in Kyiv region. Were used MedCalc and Microsoft®Excel 97. Results. The reproductive potential of Ukraine is decreasing. The values of the selection: reproductive losses - 41,92±0,13‰, mortality in before -reproductive age is (0,96±0,01)‰, including mortality from congenital malformations (0,19±0,01)‰. XXI сentury children have reduced weight, which may mean the increasing of mutations and recombination (with environmental influence). Prevalence of CDF among born alive, still-borne and eliminated fetuses was (26,83±0,08)‰ in 2002-2011. The hypothesis about negative influence of high heterozygote level on adaptation to live conditions was proved. According to investigation results the population of Ukraine is disadapted. As accommodation is a relevant size, environmental improvement may cause positive changes of adaptation potential.

15-18

Authors: Яловенко О., Раєцька О.В., Голіченков О.М., Бабій В.Ф., Кондратенко О., Пімушина М.В.

It was the purpose of our work to define safe surfactants and to compare the degree of their cytotoxic action by an alternative in vitro method with the use of cellular test-object of suspension culture of spermatozoa of bull. Materials and methods of researches. 11 surfactants of different groups are explored in work: anionic, amphoteric, nonionic end сationic. Estimation of safety (cytotoxicity) was conducted by the in vitro assay on the culture of spermatozoa of bull at the use of analyzer of toxic of AТ-05. Results of researches. In researches of in vitro is set, that from 10 surfactants only one (polyquaternium 7) are safe (behaves to a 4 class of danger and does not cause skinning-irritating action), on the degree of expressed of cytotoxic action most dangerous surfactants - coco-betain, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium layreth sulfate, cocamidopropylbetaine; the normative breeding of surfactants for conducting of comparative researches of their cytotoxic action is certain.

24-28

Authors: Калиниченко О., Скиба О.О.

The objective of this research was to determine the influence of conditions and organization of training process on the functional state of the children’s organism engaged in different kinds of sports. Study methods. Hygienic (hygienic examination and monitoring), mathematical methods. Results. We determined the leading sanitary-hygienic factors of the training process and a degree of their influence on the parameters of functional state of children’s organism engaged in different kinds of sports in the system of the sport schools for children and youth. We determined the indices of air-heat regime of training premises affected greatly the functional state of young sportsmen organism. The degree of the influence of conditions and organization of training process on the indices of the functional state of the organism of children depends on the specificity of the kind of sports. Sanitary-hygienic factors affect mostly on the muscle strength among the representatives of single combat and for children engaged in complicated coordinating kind of sports they affect greatly the indices of spinal mobility. The greatest influence of the conditions of training process on the indices of physical efficiency is typical for the representatives of cyclic kinds of sports while for the young sportsmen engaged in sport games - on the indices of muscle strength.

34-38

Authors: Кондратюк В.А., Федорів О., Лотоцька О.В.

The objective of the research was to study and compare a combined effect of lead acetate nanoparticles and lead macroparticles in the composition of lead acetate in water on a background of potassium and sodium stearates on the processes of lipid peroxide oxidation in liver and kidneys of white rats. Materials and methods. The experiments have been performed with 5 groups of white female rats of 150-200 grams, 7 animals in each group. The 1- st group was a control and took potable dechlorinated water from the city water supply system. The rats of the 2- nd and 4- th groups took the same water but with the potassium stearate, and animals of the 3- rd and 5- th groups took water with the sodium stearate (1/250 HD 50). After 40 day usage of mentioned types of water the animals of the 2- nd and the 3- rd groups have received lead acetate preparations as nanoparticles per orally, the animals of the 4- th and 5- th groups have received lead acetate preparation in a dose of 7 mg/kg by the content of lead acetate. In 3 days the animals have been taken out from the experiment by means of phlebotomy under thiopental anesthesia according to the rules of bioethics. Results. We determined a statistically valid increase of the activity of dien conjugates and malon dialdehyde in the tissues of liver and kidneys of the experimental animals in the animals with per orally administrated lead acetate on a background of the use of water with potassium and sodium stearates in comparison with the animals administrated with lead nanoparticles. At the use of water with a complex of potassium stearate, lead nanoparticles and lead acetate we observed a more expressed toxic effect on the process of peroxide oxidation of lipids in animals’ organisms then on a background of the use of water with sodium stearate.

43-46

Authors: Бузинний М.Г., Михайлова Л.Л., Романченко М.О., Чирков В.С., Сахно В.

The objective. To study 14C content variation in the atmosphere by measuring the specific 14C activity in the annual growth of trees for background conditions and under the effect of the nuclear-energy complex site as well as the comparison of the 14C spatial distribution around the object. Materials and methods. 14C content measurements in the annual growth (tree rings) of pine wood for 14C variation studies in the air for the time interval since the end of 40- th of the last century - the period when there have been the greatest fluctuations in radiocarbon. Research objects - annual pine wood growth. Trees for the study of background oscillations were selected in Chernigiv region and for the influence of anthropogenic emissions 14C study were selected trees near the source of emissions 14C, studied earlier. In the second case, we examined the wood material of tree that grew at a distance of about 5 km from the site, and compared the results with those obtained previously for a tree that grew at a distance of about 10 km. Measurements were carried out at 14C using a traditional method based on a liquid-scintillation counting. For this study used the charred wood annual increment, of which have been previously extracted resin material in a Soxhlet apparatus. Samples of benzene were measured using a Quantulus 1220 TM LS spectrometer made by Perkin Elmer Inc. Results. Technology used in the preparation of baseline studies of samples allows to obtain results similar to the direct measurements of 14C in the air. Studies of samples taken in the area of ​​ nuclear facility influence showed the results concerted with previous studies of the impact of the object. Comparing the relevant research showed that the samples of the annual increment in some years have significant differences, confirmed by repeated studies. The differences can be explained by inappropriate spatial distribution at close distances from the object. Overall consistency of the data sets suggests that the earlier estimate of annual emissions and 14C emissions for the time of work does not require the re-evaluation.

51-55

Authors: Янко Н.В., Станкевич В.В., Коваль Н.М.

Data on the retrospective analysis of the results of the study of water quality of the lake Svitiaz, Shatskу National Park by the most informative indices of the eutrophy level of the basin (general phosphorus, biochemical use of oxygen, suspended substances) for 1985-2010 are presented in the article. Objective of the work. Determination of the effect of the recreational loads on the eutrophy processes of the lake Svitiaz. Objects and methods for study. In the samples from the lake Svitiaz, selected in 1985-2010, a content of general phosphorus, suspended substances, and biochemical use of oxygen (BUO 5) were determined with the help of generally accepted methods. Study results. It was determined that an excessive recreational load on the water resources of the lake Svitiaz without sufficiently developed infrastructure decreased an anthropogenic load on the basin. It leads to an increase of trophicity level, and for the future - to the high trophic and hypertrophic levels. Strengthening of the process of water flowering with a dominance of Cyanophyceae is expected. It will lead to the impossibility of the use of the lake Svitiaz, the important object of water recreation for all North-West regions of the country, for the recreational purpose. The obtained study results demonstrate a necessity of an urgent development of the measures for a decrease of the growth of water trophicity in the lake Svitiaz.

60-64

Authors: Брич О., Синетар Е.О., Лоскутова М.М., Гарницька О.Г., Скуратова О.Г.

Objective: to test the viability, taxonomic position of museum strains genera Proteus and Morganella during long-term storage - for 25-48 years, to examine their morphological, cultural, biochemical properties and sensitivity to antibiotics. Materials and methods: studies were perfomed using cultural, microscopic, bacteriological, biochemical and statistical methods. Results: found that among the studied strains of lyophilized P.vulgaris, P.mirabilis and M.morganii after 25-48 years of storage 84% was viable. Biochemical identification of museums strains helped to clarify the taxonomic position of the three isolates. A retrospective analysis of data sensitivity viable strains to antibiotics was made. All srains P.vulgaris and M.morganii were resistant to ampicillin, cefalotin, cefuroxim, cefuroxim acsetyl. All investigated strains were sensitive to aminoglycosides, quinolones, meropenem and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.

70-75

Authors: Корзун В.Н., Гозак С.В., Парац А.Н., Иванов В., Белозуб А.

The objective. Study the effect of vitamin-mineral complex „Vitacor Junior” for children health, their physical development and school performance. Materials and methods. Children of the main group (n = 69) during 7 months daily received one tablet of vitamin-mineral complex, children of the control group (n = 34) - only school meals. Examination of children was carried out before and after supplements. The study was conducted on the basis of the school in Zhytomyr region. Results. After 7 months, children of the main group have improved functional state of the muscular and cardiac-respiratory system, decreased the incidence and likelihood of acute forms of the disease. Average level of acute morbidity is decreased by 25,5% (from 1,83 ± 0,13 to 1,37 ± 0,13 incidents in year, t = 2,44; p<0,05) compared to the similar index to reception of the complex; the reduction of probability of 2-4 acute diseases in the year is decreased by 2.83 times (RR = 2,83; 95% CI 1,46-5,49; EF = 64,7%). Functional status of cardio-respiratory system by index Skibinskу is improved by 28,2% (from 5,82 ± 0,42 to 7,46 ± 0,57, t = 2,29; p<0,05), diastolic blood pressure and heart rate is decreased (t = -3,64; p<0,001 and t = -2,43; p<0,05, correspondently). Functional status of the muscular system is improved by indication of the strength of muscles of the hand by 16.2% (t = 2,15; p<0,05) and by evaluation of the power index (χ 2 = 16,33; p<0,01) It is established that the proportion of children with low adaptation-reserve opportunities of an organism in the control group tends to increase (y = 18,2, x - 0,1), in the main group - to decrease (y = -7,2, x + 49,2). Conclusions of the study. A vitamin-mineral complexes contributed to the improvement of health status of children, which can be recommended for use in children nutrition.

4-6

Authors: Григоренко Л.

The results of the investigations of the regularities of immunologic effects'' manifestations under isolated and combined exposures of phenol and chloroform at the levels of 1 MAC are presented in the article. Objectives. We studied the compensatory-adaptative reactions of the organism on the combined effect of low levels of phenol and chloroform. Materials and methods. Complex of immunologic methods included a determination of leukocytes and their composition, number of T- and B-lymphocytes; reaction of phagocytosis, inhibition of macrophages'' spreading, degranulation of basophils (after Shelly), precipitation of circulating immune complexes. We used the antigen charging with T-dependent antigen in post-effect period for the determination of the stability of the displacements in separate chains of the immune system. Results. We demonstrate that adaptive reactions develop in the animals under isolated effect of phenol and chloroform at the level of 1 MAC while at the combined effect of the corresponding concentrations of studied substances, the disorder of the compensatory-adaptative processes in the organism takes place which exhibits by the development of organism auto- and sensitization and decrease of the number of the immune-competent cells.

12-16

Authors: Карлова Е.А., Яворовський О.П., Шейман Б.С.

Objective. To study the changes of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin 1,2,6,8, FNP-Ј), depending on content of the lead in the blood. Materials and methods: the 203 patients were examined on the basis of MCU number 18 of MOH of Ukraine in Kiev. All patients were divided into three groups at depending on the level of blood lead. The first group included the patients with the level of blood lead of 2,12 ± 0,013 micromole / l, in second group - 1,92 ± 0,013 micromole / l, in third group - with a minimum level of blood lead is 1,72 ± 0,028 micromole / l. Age of patients was ranged from 35 to 47 years. The average age of patients for the 1-st group (51 people) was 43,5 ± 1,3 years, the 2-nd group (46 people) - 39,9 ± 1,8 years, the 3-rd (49 people) - 40,3 ± 1.4 years. The control groupis included 57 healthy persons, whose average age was 44,7 ± 1,5 years. All examined patients were male. Results of studies: the changes in the system cytokine cooperation were revealed in patients with microsaturnism. For patients in the first group is characterized by a significant decrease of the TNF-Ј, IL-1 and IL-2 and increasing of levels IL-6 and IL 8, for the second group is characterized by reduction of the TNF-Ј, IL 2 and increasing of IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, in the third group of patients revealed the increase TNF-Ј, IL-1, IL-2, IL-8 at unchanged content of IL-6. Conclusions. The complex investigations of proinflammatory cytokines allow to identify the main links of the developing disbalance in cytokine system and point to their dependence on blood lead levels.

23-29

Authors: Акіменко В.Я., Яригін А.В., Стеблій Н.М.

Objective. A hygienic assessment of the predicting chemical pollution of the ambient air of the underground garages and conditions of the exhaust emissions by the system of their ventilation. Materials and methods. We performed the analysis of the application of different methods for the calculation of the dispersion of the products of combustion of the vehicle fuel for the prediction of the ambient air pollution level of the underground garage. We presented a comparative assessment of the criteria for the estimation of air pollution of the garages used in different countries. We carried out a calculation of the concentration of the capacity of the vehicle emissions of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, carbonic-acid gas, benzopyrene, formaldehyde. Concentration of carbonic-acid gas in the underground garages was determined with the help of devices in different seasons of the year. Results. We proposed to take into account an amount of the engines, operating simultaneously in rush hours (not less 35% from the total amount of parking places) and present data on vehicle specific emission in the methodology for the calculation of air pollution in underground garage. We demonstrated that at the application of one and the same design object a concentration of carbon monoxide in the air of underground garage could vary from 0.53 mg/m 3 up to 10.8 mg/m 3, nitrogen oxides - from 0.09 mg/m 3 up to 0.64 mg/m 3, and hydrocarbon- from 0.02 mg/m 3 up to 1.36 mg/m 3. A value of size of non-carcinogenic risk of CO and CH doesn’t exceed one and by NO x exceeds the limitations of the allowable values. Size of the individual carcinogenic risk, determining by formaldehyde, is equal CR=0.74х10 -6, and by benzopyrene - CR=0.12х10 -7. Conclusions. MAC of maximal single of atmospheric air both for CO and for NO x should be used as a hygienic criterion for the assessment of ambient air of underground garage. Taking into account a non-carcinogenic risk for a man’s health a ventilating emission of underground garage may be carried outside with a coefficient of dilution not less 10 in a space near house.

37-40

Authors: Москальчук Л.В.

The paper presents the data security of the adult population of Ukraine folic acid. Purpose. Estimation of the actual average daily folate diets adult population of Ukraine and used fixed levels of the food groups, the definition of saturation of the organism women of reproductive age with folic acid. Methods. Features diets and content of folate was assessed by questionnaire, questionnaire and design methods, the level of folic acid in the blood of women was determined by immunohemilyuministsents. Results. In the surveyed population, male and female of all age groups revealed insufficient intake of vitamin B 9 in winter-spring and summer-autumn seasons. Diets characterized by deficient food of biologically and unnecessary - with high energy value. Found that in non-pregnant women the concentration of folic acid in the blood plasma level is inadequate. Conclusions. The expediency of increasing consumption of foods that are a natural source of folate and folic acid supplementation in women during preconception period.

45-50

Authors: Гетьман В.

At the present stage of evolution the biosphere of the Earth is in a critical condition. Pollution of the environment by human waste is widespread. The aim of the study is to lighten the relations between society and the environment in terms of waste management. The idea that Biosphere "works" on non-waste principle is wrong. The problem is how to make the biogeochemical cycles of chemical elements (in particular, biophylic), their small biological cycles more closed, that is, how to minimize the loss or "waste" of cycle. If you take into account man-made (anthropogenic) cycle of chemicals and elements (this is very actually now) it''s up to small technology waste (close to a waste-free). The constant companion of human civilization is waste. The lion''s shares of these wastes are polyethylene products. Ukrainian Ecological League prepared and submitted to the Council of Ukraine draft of Law "On Limiting Production, Use, Import and Distribution of Plastic Bags in Ukraine." The Law of Ukraine "On Waste" defines meaning of unsafe waste. The most famous methods of waste management include retention, disposal, and utilization. Utilization, use of waste as a secondary material or energy resource, is the most perspective. The State Agency of Investment and National Projects have been prepared a draft of the project "Clean City" on the about construction of 10 complexes for recycling of waste in Ukraine. Waste of the present society accumulating creates conditions unsuitable for human existence. Therefore it can stimulate his/her evolution, favour origin of a new biological (anthropomorphic) species for whom the waste will be a usual element of life, or "new" man will use efficiently (will learn to recycle effectively).

57-61

Authors: Хоменко М., Поліщук С.В.

In the remote period after the Chоrnobyl catastrophe there was registered the deterioration of the population’s health in Ukraine, especially among the population dwelling on the radioactively contaminated territories of Ukraine. The contamination of locally produced foodstuffs by radionuclides, the insufficient quantity of supplied food and poor chemical composition of local food cause worsening of medical and demographic situation and increased morbidity rate among the population of these territories. Aim. To conduct hygienic assessment of the actual nutritional status of the population dwelling on the radioactively contaminated territories of Rivne oblast’ and to study the influence of radioactively contaminated locally produced foodstuffs consumption on the formation of internal irradiation dose. Materials and methods. To assess the nutritional status of the population and its peculiarities in the remote period after the Chоrnobyl catastrophe there were used questioner method of the reproduction of 24-hour nutrition. The determination of the irradiation dose of the population was carried out by the standard calculation method. Results of the research. It is shown that the population of the studied territories consumes mostly locally produced foodstuffs with the exception of a small part of poultry meat and fish, butter and cottage cheese. The results of the research made it possible to establish the actual nutritional peculiarities of the working population of Rokytne district of Rivne oblast’ (on the example of v. Stare Selo). Thus, the food rations contain not enough milk, cottage cheese, poultry meat and beef, vegetables and fruit. Fruit are presented only by wild berries i.e. blueberries, cranberries, blackberries. In determining nutrient composition of the studied food rations it was found that the ratio of protein, fat and carbohydrate was irrational - 1 : 1,6 : 4,1. The amount of fat in the food rations exceeds the recommended values by 58%. The nutrients content in the food rations does not meet the physiological requirements. There was observed the deficit of minerals such as calcium, magnesium and iodine. Iron was represented by products of vegetable origin (83.1%). The greatest contribution to the formation of internal irradiation dose makes milk from private households (0.17 mSv per year, 35% of the total dose) and mushrooms (0.14 mSv per year, 28% of the total dose). According to the data of 2011 the average annual internal irradiation dose of the population of v. Stare Selo is 0.5 mSv. Taking into account possible level of external irradiation it does not exceed the criterion determined by the national law for life safety in the radioactively contaminated territories. The continued measures for the provision of individual farms by radioactive safety of agricultural products are recommended.

70-74

Authors: Івахно О.П., Козярін П., Нємцева Ю.В.

We determined a role of children''s and adolescents'' hygiene doctor in the reforming of sanitary and epidemiological service of Ukraine. Materials and methods. We performed the analysis of the reforming of Sanitary and Epidemiological Service in Ukraine from the standpoint of preserving and strengthening of the health of the child population and identified the tasks for urgent solution in the near future, including ncorporation of the speciality "Hygiene of children and adolescents" in the list of medical specialities.

4-9

Authors: Пятница-Горпинченко Н.К.

Objectives - generalization of the results of scientific studies on the regularities of asbestos (fiber) carcinogenesis, definition of the prior problems that require further study. Materials and methods. We performed the analytical review of the published scientific papers, including abstract databases “PubMed” [http:www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed]. Results of studies and their discussion. We established that asbestos cancer potential was associated with the production of free oxygen and NO-radicals, with active forms of iron. Conclusions. Further study of the regularities of the blastomogenic effect of asbestos with the use of the experimental models of synthetic asbestos, including studies on the biological properties of fibers with the modified structure, refinement of the contribution of other industrial and non-industrial factors in the formation of asbestos-related cancer is one of the prior directions in the decrease of the cancer hazard of this mineral.

14-17

Authors: Єрем Т.В., Єрем Х.В.

Objective. We analyzed a hygienic state of various water supply source s and its impact on the formation of stomatologic pathology in the population of Zakarpattia. Materials and methods. The following methods for water survey: epidemiological, instrumental, and laboratory, sanitary-chemical and mathematical- statistical processing of study results were used in the study. Results: a problem of the formation of stomatologic pathology was considered, a role of the objects for water supply of the population of the Zakarpattia was determined. Conclusions: We determined the impact of natural -and - anthropogenic factor on the functioning of water ecosystems, it poses an ecological hazard not only for their development, but also for the existence of the man. We demonstrated the presence of direct correlative links between the state of water supply objects and stomatologic morbidity among the locals. “Content of iron in the water” - r=0,30 (p<0,05), “nitrites in the water” - r=0,36 (p<0,05), as well as "a state of the municipal water supply and open basins” - r=0,35 (p<0,05) belong to the most significant anthropogenic factors that cause the deterioration of the state of stomatologic health.

22-26

Authors: Петренко О.Д., Мельниченко Т.

Purpose of this work is a quantitative determination of the content of iodine and selenium in the saltwater fish and products and estimation of the experimental findings. Samples of saltwater fish, saltwater products and products from them were selected in the trade shops of Kyiv and the Kyiv region. A special attention was paid to the kinds of fish consumed by the population more frequent according to the data of statistical research.For the quantitative analysis of iodine and selenium, an inverse voltamperemetry by a three-electrode chart was used. Mass part of iodine in the seawater products was determined with the help of voltamperemetric analyzer "EKOTEST-VA", and selenium mass part - voltamperemetric analyzer "AVA-3". In accordance with the research results, the considerable discordances in the content of iodine and selenium was determined in the samples of fish and saltwater products, selected in the different points of retail trade. Considerable discordances of the obtained findings with the calculated indices were revealed. Compliance with the conditions of the storage of the frozen products in the trade shops, type of culinary treatment and introduction of the enriching additives (for example, iodine-treated salt) affects the content of iodine and selenium most of all. Sea algae are the most reliable source of iodine and selenium from the seawater products, they have rather high level of microelements even after culinary treatment.

33-37

Authors: Баленко Н.В., Черниченко О., Цимбалюк С.Н., Гульчій М.В., Баглій А., Федоренко З.П., Осташ О.М.

Objective. To clarify a potential influence of other environmental factors, except generally accepted - iodine deficiency and radiation, on thyroid cancer (TC) incidence. Results. Analysis of the literature revealed some peculiarities of the increase of thyroid cancer (increase of thyroid cancer incidence long before the Chоrnobyl accident; a parallel increase of cancer and precancerous incidence of ecology dependent nodular thyroid diseases (nodular goiter, autoimmune thyroiditis etc.); growth of thyroid cancer incidence in the areas not related to the territories suffered from the accident at the Chоrnobyl NPP and not related to the endemic by goiter) which allow, in our opinion, to suppose the influence of other environmental factors. Study of thyroid cancer incidence dynamics in Ukraine (1991-2011) according to the National Cancer Registry confirmed our assumption. It was established that the distribution of thyroid cancer incidence depended on socio-economic characteristics of the region. Higher levels of thyroid cancer frequency were registered in industrial and agricultural areas, it may be connected with aetio-pathogenetic role of anthropogenic contamination of environment including applying pesticides. Obtained data confirm a necessity of further thorough research on these issues.

42-45

Authors: азуляк Т.С., Кузьмінов О.Б.

In conditions of production of medicines on the basis of a dimedrol (diphenhydramine hydrochloride), the substance can get to air of a working zone. Important action which prevents harmful effects of chemical compounds on the health of workers is control compliance of the levels air pollution to the established hygienic regulations. Objective of research: development of the method of measuring the mass concentration of dimedrol in the working zone airResults. The photometric method of measuring the mass concentration of dimedrol in the working zone air is developed. Methodology is based on the capabilities of dimedrolum to form the yellow associate of as a result of cooperating with acid dye bromothymol blue at pH 4.6 with subsequent extraction of well-educated connection in a chloroform and measuring of absorbancy of the got solutions. A range of measured concentration 0.1-0.5 mg/m3. A lower limit of a substance in the solution volume is 10 mkg. A lower limit of measuring in the air (at selection 60 dm3 of air) is 0.1 mg/m3. The limit of a total relative mistake (± d at Р=0,95) does not exceed 25%.

50-55

Authors: Рубцов Р.В.

Objective of the work. To study the dynamics of cardiovascular hemodynamics indices of the mining industry workers having chronic obstructive pulmonary lung diseases of the professional etiology in the post-contact period with a help of echocardiography for timely detection of the violations of the stroke ability of heart and blood flow in great vessels, the development of both appropriate and effective treatment and prophylaxis of disease. Research methods. Echocardiographic examination of the mining industry workers who suffer from chronic obstructive pulmonary lung diseases of the professional etiology in post-contact period with the determination of the main linear and volumetric indices of the left and the right heart compartments, calculation indices that characterize the stroke ability of the heart of the hemodynamics in great vessels in different periods after stoppage of the work in the unhealthy production conditions. Results of the work. We determined that this category of the patients had the increased linear and volumetric indices of the left and right heart compartments, accompanied by a simultaneous decrease of stroke volume of the left and right ventricles and the right atrium. Revealed changes reach their maximum in the group of the workers with post-contact period of more than 10 years. At the same time, a significant decrease of conduction volume of the right ventricle and its contribution to stroke volume is observed in this group of workers, corroborating the issue on a deterioration of the stroke ability of heart in this category of patients. Vascular hemodynamics is characterized by gradual increase in the total peripheral vascular resistance which is the highest in the workers with post-contact period of 5-10 years and the specific peripheral vascular resistance, which highest indices are in the persons of this group of patients. Intrapulmonary hemodynamics is characterized by gradual increase of total pulmonary resistance, which highest indices are in the group of workers with post-retiring period (more than 10 years). It testified about formation and subsequent progress of pulmonary hypertension as one of the features of cardiopulmonary failure that occurs and progresses among the workers of mining industry who suffer from chronic obstructive pulmonary lung diseases of the professional etiology after stoppage of the work under unhealthy conditions.

64-69

Authors: Шенцова М.А., Сурмашева Е.В.

A unified system of the evaluation of probiotic preparations is presented in the part II of the article. Staged assessment of the preparations in vitro and in vivo experiments on the laboratory animals and in clinical trials were adopted. Data on the possibility of the adverse reactions which can cause probiotic preparations are presented. Development of new technologies for the production of probiotic preparations should be regulated by the relevant international rules both at the stages of laboratory (GLP), clinical trials (GCP), and at the stage of production (GMP). Biological objects can't be characterized only by chemical, physical-chemical or physical quantities. To define the main characteristics of medical immunobiological drug, its specific activity and microbiological indicators is possible only by means of the comparison with the same indicators standardized by the samples for comparison. The requirements to the standard reference samples - reference test-strains of microorganisms were discussed, they should ensure a stable specific activity.