Environment&Health (Dovkillia ta zdorovia)

8-13

Authors: Музальов, Ганжа О.Б., Маковецька Л., Михайленко В.М.

The objective was to investigate the relationship between the intensity of free radical processes (FRP), activity of antioxidant enzymes and development of genetic instability in the organism in implementing genotoxic effects of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) and low doses of ionizing radiation (LDIR) in the process of tumor growth. Methods. The state of free radical processes in the blood was examined by a hydrogen peroxide-induced chemiluminescence (CL). The level of antioxidant enzymes was investigated using activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the rats blood. Genotoxicity were determined by alkaline horizontal gel electrophoresis of isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes. Results. Exogenous NO caused a profound imbalance of pro-and antioxidant processes accompanied by a long decline in the CL intensity comparatively to LDIR. Integral effect of oxidative metabolism disturbances under the joint action of NO and LDIR was due to NO. Changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the blood after the action of NO and LDIR revealed a short-term decrease in CAT activity on the early stages of GC growth, while SOD activity remained decreased even at later stages of tumor growth especially under the influence of LDIR or NO + LDIR. Violation of pro-antioxidant balance in the organism leads to a significant increase in the amount of DNA strand breaks both under the action of NO and LDIR. Genotoxic effect of NO increased with tumor growth, and on 18-th day exceeded 2.9 – fold control level. Combined effect of NO and LDIR was accompanied by increase of lymphocytes DNA damage in 3.4-4 fold depending on the stage of GC growth. Thus, the combined effect of NO and/or LDIR causes the violation of the antioxidant balance in rats, which was accompanied by long-lasting genotoxic effect in peripheral blood lymphocytes with the increase of genetic damage in tumor bearing animals pretreated by these factors.

19-22

Authors: Покас О.В., Синетар Е.О., Лоскутова М.М.

The objective to study: the effect of active substance on ability formation biofilms microorganisms genus Enterococcus and yeast C. albicans, pathogen catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Materials and methods: ability to formation bіofilms study on the plate for enzyme immunoassay, ability performed biofilms evaluated by the color intensity alcohol on photometer with wavelength at 630 nm. Results and discussion. We established, that the active substance in subinhibitory concentrations (200 mg/ml) was more than effective on simultaneous incubation wiht active substance for microorganisms genus Enterococcus from 24 hours. In combination with levofloxacin resulted was more destruction on already formed biofilms for microorganisms genus Enterococcus. For yeast C. albicans active substance wasless effective.

28-31

Authors: Маєвська О.

Objective of the investigation – analysis and risk assessment of benign uterine tumor development in women-liquidators of the Chоrnobyl nuclear accident in 1986-1987 depending on the age at irradiation and the external radiation dose of the entire body. Follow-up period — 1992-2011. Materials and methods. On the basis of the radiation register clinic State Institution "NRCRM" of the NAMS of Ukraine there was conducted a clinical research study of the reproductive system condition in women-liquidators of the Chоrnobyl nuclear accident in 1986-1987. Sampling size — 333 persons raging from 21 to 60 years old at the moment of radiation exposure. The examination of the data received was carried out on the basis of descriptive analysis method and relative risk calculation method. Results. There was carried out a comparative analysis of benign uterine tumor prevalence in women-liquidators of the Chоrnobyl nuclear accident in 1986-1987 depending on the age at radiation exposure. The data received proofs that irradiation at reproductive age definitely increases the risk of benign uterine tumor development when compared to the women exposed to radiation at the premenopausal period and climax. There was detected a significant rise in relative risk of uterine leiomyoma development in women-liquidators that were irradiated at reproductive age with the dose of 0,002-1,0 Gy as related to the women that were exposed to radiation at over 45. Conclusions. Irradiation of women at reproductive age with the dose of 0,002-1,0 Gy increases the risk of uterine leiomyoma development compared to the women exposed to radiation at the premenopausal period and climax. Subsequently it is timely to expand the study and in particular assessment of the impact of possible non-radiation risk factors.

41-45

Authors: Краснов В.О., Михайлов О.В., Антропов О.С.

The objective of the work. Assessment of the optimum strategy of the management with the Chоrnobyl NPP cooling pond according to a poll of experts at the preliminary stage of the work on the feasibility study of the proposed activity. Materials and methods. The method of expert evaluation for six groups of criteria for comprehensively assessing the positive and negative consequences of the proposed activity was used. Leading personnel from seven organizations performing research in the 30 km zone of the Chоrnobyl NPP were suggested to assess each of the proposed options of activity on a three-point scale in the form of a questionnaire and specified weight of each group of criteria among others. The obtained matrices of the individual assessment were processed by the methods of mathematical statistics with an assessment of the reliability of the differences of the average indices by data sampling. Results. The complex expert assessment of the most likely options of the planned activity was carried out. The possible economic, radiation, regulatory, technogenic, environmental and social consequences of their realization were taken into account. We determined that the decommissioning on condition of stage-by-stage water level declining with a correction of water mode and implementation of rehabilitation actions on the drained sites, the optimum strategy of the further management with the Chоrnobyl NPP cooling pond should be considered the optimum strategy of the further management with the Chоrnobyl NPP cooling pond. At the same time, continuous non-controlled declining of water level has more advantages in comparison with further saving of "status quo" of the optimum strategy of the further management with the Chоrnobyl NPP cooling pond.

50-54

Authors: Родінкова В.В., Сергета В., Паламарчук О.О.

Objective of study was to determine time and intensity of pollination of the family Poaceae representatives in urban complexes located in different climatic zones of Ukraine. Aeropalinological observation was conducted by standard volumetric method for the first time for the most of investigation sites in six cities in the forest-steppe and steppe zones of Ukraine during the 2010 season. The study results showed the largest pollen number was collected in the cities of the forest-steppe zone (Vinnitsa and Poltava), obviously due to more favorable water regimen in this part of Ukraine in contrast to the steppe zone. The southern regions (Simferopol, Odessa) showed moderate pollen grass season, while the lowest values for Poaceae pollen were observed in the eastern regions of Ukraine (Donetsk) with one of the longest pollination periods. All sites of study were characterized by pollen seasons with a high or moderate density. In conclusion preventive measures as a pollen forecast is recommended to inform doctors and patients about the increased risk of pollinosis especially from June 10 till July 6 when the most intensive Poaceae pollination was observed. This period can be defined as the worst for the grass pollen sensitive patients.

63-67

Authors: Савіна Р.В.

Objective. To run down formation and development of the scientific school in the sphere of hygiene of the environmental carcinogenic factors at the SI “O.M. Marzeiev Sciences of Ukraine”. Materials and methods. Archives materials, dissertation theses, scientific publications, reports on the activity of the Institute. Methods of historical-bibliographic search, historical, logical, scientometric analyses were used. Results. There are materials on the study of formation and development of the scientific school in the sphere of hygiene of the environmental carcinogenic factors, created by the professor N.Ya. Yanysheva in the early 60-th, XX century at the O.M. Marzeiev Institute for General and Municipal Hygiene. A contribution of Professor Yanysheva and her students in the solution of the problems on the prevention of oncologic morbidity, development of the issues of the standardization of carcinogenic substances and methodology of the carcinogenesis study is demonstrated.

74-79

Authors: Шенцова М.О., Сурмашева О.В.

A brief overview of the properties of lactic- acid microorganisms of human normoflora and qualitative characteristic of the probiotic preparations, containing bacteria, for the prevention and correction of pathological conditions of the gastrointestinal tract is provided I n the message I of the article. Special attention is paid to a creation and design of probiotics from the point of view of their safety, the functional impact on the human body and manufacturability.

4-8

Authors: [Доступ к полному тексту открыт] ДЕЗИНФЕКТОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ Шандала М.Г.

Objective. To determine a role of disinfectology in the solution of the task on biological safety. Methods. Systemic analysis of modern achievements of disinfectology in the struggle with the infectious diseases. Results. We demonstrate an advantage of disinfective prophylaxis in the struggle both with well-known infectious diseases for which there are no specific vaccines and in extreme conditions (bioterrorism) when there is no time for generation of immunity. All kinds of disinfectologic technologies with the emphasis on the characteristics of the agents were analyzed. Their choice is determined by the aim, way of working. Requirements to the disinfectants are demonstrated, a wide range of the differences of the microbial resistance to the disinfectants is shown. This is a foundation for the differentiation of the ways and agents of disinfection. It is illustrated by the examples from practice. Conclusions. Experience of the application of the disinfectants in Russia is of great importance not only from the point of view of inner safety but also international one.

13-16

Authors: Гнатюк М.С., Гаргула Т., Кондратюк В.А., Лотоцька О.В.

Aims. To explore features of remodeling structures wall of the duodenum in ulcer and under effect of aluminum chloride. Methods. Histological, morphometric, mathematical, statistical. Results. In the experiment on pubescent male pigs Vietnam breeds found that ulcer results in significant violations of structural homeostasis of studied organ. This was confirmed by a significant violation of relation between spatial characteristics of its membrane, between stroma and myocytes in the muscle membrane, height of villi and depth crypt, the nucleus and the cytoplasm in the apical epithelial cells. Established that introduction into the body aluminum chloride significantly affects the course of duodenal ulcer. This was evidenced by the growth of the relative volumes of damaged epithelial cells, stroma-myocytes relations in the muscle membrane, more expressed vascular alterative, infiltrative and sclerotic processes.

20-25

Authors: Семененко В.М., Коршун М.М.

The aim of the study was ecological and hygienic assessment of plant growth regulator Regalis and scientific substantiation of hygienic norms of its active substance prohexadione-calcium in apples, apple juice and soil. Materials and methods. Field investigations were conducted in the agro-climatic conditions of Forest-steppe zone. Apple-tree orchard was treated with Regalis using twice a maximum application rate of 2,5 kg/ha. Soil and apple leaves sampling was carried out on 1-50 days, apple fruit sampling – from the 7 to the 50 days after the second treatment and at harvest. Determination of prohexadione-calcium residues in the samples was performed by high-effective liquid chromatography. Substantiation of the maximum permissible level (MRL) of the substance in apples and tentative allowable concentration (TAC) in soil was performed in accordance with «Guidelines for Hygienic Assessment of New Pesticides». Decomposition rate constant, half-life and decay time of 95% were calculated for the assessment of stability of prohexadione-calcium in soil and plants. Eco-toxicological risk was defined by the N. Melnikov’s method, hazard to public health due to the contamination of groundwater estimated by the S. Sergeiev’s and co-authors’ method. Results. Prohexadione-calcium is low persistent in soil and moderately persistent in vegetative plants in the Ukrainian Forest-steppe. MRL of the substance in apples was substantiated on 0,05 mg/kg level, in apple juice – «not required»; the waiting period before harvest – 30 days after the last treatment, tentative allowable concentration in soil – 0,2 mg/kg. The integrated vector of public health hazard of groundwater contamination with prohexadione-calcium complies with the average level (65,6 points). Eco-toxicological risk of prohexadione-calcium based preparations usage in Forest-steppe soil-climatic conditions is on 1–2 orders of magnitude lower in comparison with class of insecticides – synthetic pyrethroids and organophosphorus compounds, and is comparable with ecotoxes of modern insecticides (thiamethoxam, novaluron) and fungicides (trifloxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl.)

29-33

Authors: Медведовська Н.В.

Research objective was studying of regional features of a state of health of the population of the western region of Ukraine which were determined by certain indicators, their change in dynamics and existence of possible correlation communication with indicators of resource providing regional institutions of health care was studied. Materials and methods. Scientific base of research became 27 main administrative territories of Ukraine. By object of research it is determined regional features of a state of health of adult population of Ukraine, indicators of a condition of a network and staffing of the relevant regional institutions of health care and operating system of their monitoring. To carrying out research it was applied a complex of the special methods system approach became which basis, namely: system analysis, bibliosemantical, statistical and analytical-synthetic methods. Results. It is shown that for the population of the western region of Ukraine characteristic there was a gradual reduction of total number of the population, prevalence of diseases, especially among age group of adult population grows. The best tendencies of indicators of a state of health are revealed in the Zakarpatye area in which since 2008 positive dynamics of increase in population is traced that in combination with growth of an indicator of birth rate and with stabilization of the general mortality can testify to preservation of a positive demographic gain and in the future. For the Ivano-Frankivsk, Ternopil, Rivne and Lviv areas characteristic there were all-Ukrainian tendencies of reduction of number of the population with a growth of birth rate and stabilization of indicators of the general and infantile mortality. The beginning of positive tendencies of increase in number of the population of Chernivtsy area is accompanied by growth of incidence and prevalence of diseases among the adult population which indicators have reliable direct correlation link among themselves which indicators have reliable direct correlation link among themselves. At the same time the number of the establishments rendering medical care at primary level, indicators of work of day hospitals grows that at reduction of number of hospitals speaks about priority of development of primary level of rendering medical care and corresponds to modern strategy of development of health care, promotes approach of rendering medical care to the patient. Conclusions. Carrying out such monitoring with complex studying of the main indicators of a state of health of the population of the western region of Ukraine can become information justification for identification of the main problems and timely adoption of administrative decisions, corresponding measures at the state and regional levels which will be able to play a defining role in formation, preservation and strengthening of health of the population of Ukraine.

43-47

Authors: Брич О., Поліщук О., Синетар Е.О., Колесников М.М., Каплуненко В.Г.

The objective was to study the impact of nanoaquahelates of metals Cu, Zn, Mg, Mn, Fe, Se, Ge in the stabilizing media on viability, growth, and biological properties of reference strains Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 during long-term storage. The study was performed with the help of bacteriological, biochemical and statistical methods. We determined that a storage of museum microorganism strains in the nanomodified media with selenium was more effective in comparison with a storage in traditional medium as it enhanced a metabolism and reparative processes of Gram-negative bacteria and provided a significantly greater biomass of viable strains without loss and changes in their biological properties. A glycerol supplemented medium with germanium nanoaquahelate can be used for a long-term storage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa reference strain.

52-56

Authors: Бердник О.В., Добрянська О.В., Скочко Т.П., Юрчук О.М.

To study ecological consciousness of the children of different gender taking into account a type of gender identity. Materials and methods. Sociological (questionnaire of schoolchildren), psychological (the S. Bem’s questionnaire), mathematical. Results. It was revealed that a type of ecological consciousness of the adolescents didn’t depend upon gender but it was considerably connected with a type of gender identity. Dissemination of androgynous adolescents (a person who had high identification with feminine and masculine characteristics would be categorized as “Androgynous”) into different groups of eco consciousness coincides completely with the same dissemination by gender, and the groups of feminine and masculine adolescents have principally different characteristics. There are two contrary types: either nature primate or primate of society needs among masculine adolescents. There was no a single individual of anthropogenic type of eco consciousness among feminine adolescents. Besides, epidemiological chain of the “cause-effect” dependencies “type of gender identity of personality - type of ecological consciousness - level of health” has been determined. It is shown that the features of child’s personality (the type of gender identity, in particular) should be taken into account at the forming of ecological mentality which determines a conscious attitude of the adolescents to the environment.

62-66

Authors: Гозак С.В., Парац А.М., Станкевич Т.В., Єлізарова О.Т., Киселевська В.П.

Study objective: study of the peculiarities of locomotor system of senior pre-school age children pupils of pre-school educational institutions of the city of Kiev with different conditions and organization of education and physical training. Methods: hygienic examination, hygienic observation, clinical, statistical. Results: The peculiarities of the state of locomotor system of senior pre-school age were studied in the pre-school educational institutions of the city of Kiev with different conditions and organization of education and physical training. The research results demonstrate that at the age from 5 till 7 years a proportion of the children with disorders of the posture increase authentically 1.6 fold, with platypodia – 2.1 fold. Authentical impact of the conditions of the education at the pre-school educational institutions on the formation of foot vault, impact of the conditions of physical training on the formation of posture and foot vault of the schoolchildren have been determined. Negative dynamics of the health state of pre-school children substantiates a necessity of the development and implementation of health preserving technologies in the activity of pre-school educational institutions.

69-74

Authors: Подрігало Л.В.

Objective. The aim of research work is a selection of techniques which can allow to reveal the donosologic states, to rationalize the methodological aspects and requirements proposed to them, concerning such a criterion as a level of functioning of organs’ and body’s systems. Results. Based on the analysis of our own research of the assessment of this criterion we propose to use elaborated assessment system which primary element is a screening - questionnaire of the subjective level of the complaints of schoolchildren and character of the hygiene habits’ formation. Study of ultra-low glow of biological fluids (urine, saliva) allows estimating of a free radical oxidation activity and antioxidant protection, and by the changes in the balance of this system one can judge about functioning of regulation and homeostasis maintenance. Dynamics of the indices allows defining of the formation of donosology as a result of strain, exhaustion and failure of adaptation. Taking into account a high prevalence of such a state as vitamin deficiency, a scale of the presence of these states among schoolchildren have been substantiated and developed on the basis of a sequential heterogeneous Wald’s procedure which can be used as a screening assessment of vitamin status. Performed studies confirmed the presence of the universal way of forming of donosologic visual sensor system owing to the spasm of accommodation, disturbances of contrast vision, reduction of reserves. A high information value, accessibility, painless and economical expedience of the methodologies of visocontrastometry, CFLF, state of accommodation may recommend them as a screening for the revealing of donosologic states. The proposed techniques meet the basic principles of the evaluation of working capacity, allow evaluating of the states of functional systems, the most involved in the provision of education, and are characterized by simplicity, availability, economic expedience. A possibility of their use for prediction of the development of donosologic states among children, adolescents and youth is an important aspect.

4-8

Authors: Черниченко О., Баленко Н.В., Осташ О.М.

The objective of the work. Performance of the complex of biological investigations by means of the study and determination of the spectrum of immunological reactions of the organism pathomorphological and genotoxic changes in organs under the influence of carcinogens and toxic substances. Materials and methods. The experiment were performed on white outbred mice. It included 2 series of investigation: I – dermal applications in various doses of benz(a)pyrene (BP) (0,21; 2,1; 10,5 µg); II – peroral administration of BP and phenol ( a single dose of 0,1 µg). Results. Parallel development and one-directed manifestation of genotoxic and immunological changes concerning carcinogenesis has been determined. Presence of valid correlative connection between them is most expressed in the first month of the experiment. A dependence of these changes from a dose and time of carcinogene has been revealed. The obtained data were a base to consider genotoxic and immunological indices as possible early prognostic criteria for carcinogenesis at testing and screening of the chemical compounds and their doses. The main stages of the accelerated testing and hygienic regulation of the genotoxic carcinogenes have been formulated. They include the establishment of dose-effect dependence of the early genotoxic and immunosuppressive changes (suppression of the T-cell immunity, humoral system); determination of minimum effective and maximum uneffective doses; calculation of tentative safe exposure levels (TSEL) have been formulated. At the presence of carcinogenic potential data a scale for carcinogenic risk indices and determination of the PAC (permittable allowable concentration) on its base may be calculated.

12-17

Authors: Полька Н.С., Гозак С.В., Єлізарова О.Т.

Study objective. Modeling of the approaches to the improvement of the existing physical training system at secondary educational institutions. Methods. Hygienic examination, hygienic observation, clinical, statistical. Results. The main principles of health preserving physical training at secondary educational institutions and scientific approaches to its improvement, and also a model of national system of health preserving orientation of physical training at schools have been elaborated on the basis of the results of three-year dynamics of the formation of the health of schoolchildren under the impact of the organization of physical training of different types at schools, analysis of literary data and expert assessments. It was determined that a contribution of physical training in the functional possibility of cardio-respiratory system makes up 36.5% of total dispersion, the posture forming – 17.8%, harmony of

21-25

Authors: Капранов С.В.

The influence of the air pollution on the functional state of the central nervous system of the senior pupils in industrial city with the large enterprises of black metallurgy and coke-chemical production was investigated. The investigation of the psychical condition by Spilberger and Ayzenc was conducted on 717 schoolchildren of 9-11 classes (15-17 years) of 9 comprehensive schools. It was established that the learning senior classes near from the large enterprises of black metallurgy and coke-chemical production in situation of high levels of air pollution results is characterized by an increase in their situation and personal anxiety by Spilberger, and also anxiety, frustration and rigidity by Ayzenc is shown on distances up to 3 km, but especially on removal up to 1 km, from the specified production. The preventive recommendations are offered.

30-35

Authors: Полька Н.С., Яцковська Н.Я., Платонова А.Г., Джуринська С.М., Шкуро В.В., Шкарбан К.С., Саєнко Г.М., Хутченко О.М.

From the hygienic point of view a day routine, providing all kinds of children’s activity and rest, taking into account their age peculiarities, is an important component of the process of children’s vital functions. Task of the work was determination of the duration and the dissemination of the separate kinds of activity and rest in a whole routine balance of a day routine for senior grades of different school types. Methods: questionairing of the 15-17-th grades` pupils of both genders studying at the lyceums and the gymnasia’s (285 pupils), urban (293 pupils) and rural (244 pupils) secondary schools of the cities of Kyiv, Vinnitsa, the Kyiv and the Vinnitsa regions. Results. Reduction of a night sleep duration, insufficient staying in a fresh air, a low motor activity and a long duration of TV programs among a significant percentage of the senior aged schoolchildren has been revealed. The mentioned routine issues disturb significantly the hygienic principles of the organization of the schoolchildren’s day routine. It doesn’t favor preservation and strengthening of their health. Structure changes in a free time of schoolchildren, redistribution of leisure time balance and active rest forms into passive ones are exhibited factually in a decrease of a density of physical training and sports, staying in a fresh air, and in their turn, lead to a hypodynamia and should be assessed as a risk factor in the development of chronic non-infectious diseases.

39-42

Authors: Калиниченко О., Скиба О.О.

The aim of this research was to estimate architectonically-plan decisions and indexes of microclimate of modern out-of-school educational establishments of sporting profile. The study methods. Hygienic (hygienic examination and monitoring), mathematical methods. Results. It is set, that most child-youth sporting schools (83.33%) functioning in the adapted to training building and 61.11% of surveyed school educational institutions do not have their own building. The hygienic estimation of universal sporting halls and specialized halls for a sporting gymnastics and wrestling allowed setting, that on the whole conditions of training of children were satisfactory. The specialized halls for a sporting gymnastics characterized by the most self-possessed hygienic requirements to area, to the temperature indexes, lighting. Surveyed open sporting planar building as a whole answer the requirements of state building norms of Ukraine in relation to their exploitation.

46-49

Authors: Москвяк Н.В.

Objective. The aim of the work was to study the level of school anxiety of junior pupils depending on the age of school admission (from 6 and 7 years old) as indicators of the current process of adaptation and comparative analysis of mental capacity in the dynamics of learning. Study methods. Evaluation of school anxiety was assessed on the basis of test results of 150 pupils of primary school age by Phillips method. The level of mental capacity of junior pupils was studied using by proofreading tests. Results. Assessment of the general anxiety in primary schoolchildren shows that the psycho-emotional state much (28,7%) is characterized by high and increasing its level. Children who have begun training the age of six, the figure is 29,3 ± 5,3%, while in the seven years of their classmates is smaller by 2,3 times (p<0,05). Individual indicators (frustration needs to succeed, fear of self-expression, fear of the situation knowledge test, a low resistance to physiological stress and fear in a relationship with a teacher) a high level of school anxiety is set exclusively in children who started training at the school from 6 years old. At 7 years old pupils the level of school anxiety were significantly higher (p<0,05) than the increased on criteria such as the problem of fear in a situation knowledge test and in relations with the teacher. Psychophysiological diagnosis forming adaptation based on the determination of the dynamics of mental capacity shows that the individual characteristics of response contingent of 7 years old children to training loads can maintain a more stable and adequate level of psychophysiological functions for a long time in comparison to their classmates for 6 years old.

54-59

Authors: Салюков А.О., Варивончик Д.В.

Objective - to determine the territorial risks of excessive exposure of the population and workers by natural ultraviolet radiation (UFR). Materials and methods. According to satellite observations(«Envisat-1», ESA; tool "SCIAMACHY") held a territorial analysis of the levels of radiation and surface UV exposure doses for the geographical territory of Ukraine (51.5-44o nl), period 2002-2012. Results. Determined that in Ukraine there is a real danger of over-exposure of the population that are for long-term at the open air and are working at the open air, by natural UVR. Degree of this risk is determined by the geographical latitude of the territory. During the year, the risk of UV-induced pathology observed from February to November, with a maximum risk in June-July. Preferential formation of the daily UV dose observed during the day from 10.30 to 15.30 (UVA – 71% of the daily dose, UVB – 84%). Cloudy sky slightly reduces the daily UV erythema dose (up 20.0%), and almost don’t reduce the genotoxic dose of UVB (up 9.5%). There set a linear dependence of the "dose - effect" between the intensity of the natural UVR and erythemal dose, which determines non-cancer effects (skin lesions and organ of vision). Established a non-linear (hyperbolic) dependence "dose - effect" between the intensity of the natural UVB (range ≥175 mW / m2; ≥7 CU UVI) and genotoxic dose, which determines the carcinogenic effects (damage to the skin and organ of vision by cancer and melanoma). Results of the study allowed to divide territory of Ukraine into three territorial zones for risk of exposure of the population and the workers by natural ultraviolet radiation (UFR) and appearance their UV-induced pathology: the "moderate risk" (51.5-49o nl), "high-risk" (47-48o nl), "ultra high risk" (44-46o nl). Results of the study are the scientific basis for the development of an intervention for primary prevention of production-induced and occupational diseases caused by natural UV radiation.

63-67

Authors: Варус В., Швець А.В., Левіт Й.Р., Маркович Ф., Озерянський А.А.

Changes of the human vegetative nervous status are one of the first and main donosological criteria of the deviations in the state of health, especially among young operators, signalers in particular. Revealing of the vegetative nervous regulation of their organisms in dependence on the professional load for the elaboration of the correspondent preventive measures for the ensuring of a high level of reliability and quality of their professional activity was an objective of the work. Functional state of the organism of signalers was determined with the help of the active orthostatic test with the registration of the indices of brain blood circulation, central homodynamic and variability of cardiac rhythm in two groups of the individuals with different sizes of their employment. It was revealed that large deviations from the proper meanings were restricted to the group of the officers (beat cardiac output, minute volume of blood circulation, and specific peripheral vessel resistance which were accompanied with the pressure by the indices of the variability of cardiac rhythm). This group had a number of the intersystem correlations greater by five fold in comparison with the control group where only single intersystem links were marked. Proposed approach of the assessment of the vegetative nervous regulation allows to study a level of the human health and to add significantly the general indirect methods for its description.

4-11

Authors: Пристер Б.С.

Article aim to ground the necessity of development of the preventive preparedness systems to the accidents and emergency response.Methods. Analytical (semantic and content analysis of information documents). Results. The issues of nuclear power safety are considered. Heavy accidents at nuclear power plants for the last 50 years are analyzed. The analysis of accidents at the nuclear power plants in Canada, Great Britain, Russia, USA, Ukraine and Japan is conducted. Reasons of the accidents which resulted in catastrophic consequences are indicated.It is proved that the principle of the safety priority was not followed on the nuclear power plants, where the accidents occurred. The human factor was leading one in each accident. The necessity of continuous improvement of safety culture and preparedness to emergency response at nuclear power plants is proved. The necessity of providing implementation mechanism of international regulations for the safe nuclear power plants operation is grounded. The legislations of countrieswith operating NPP must provide measures to ensure compliance of safety priority principle but not only its announcement.

20-25

Authors: Лось П., Тарасюк О., Шабуніна Н.Д., Семенюк Н.Д.

Important countermeasure of public protection in case of nuclear accidents is iodine prophylaxis using stable iodine. Stable iodine administration among population is the effective early countermeasure to protect thyroid gland; it is one of the elements in fast response system after nuclear accidents. The aim of iodine prophylaxis is maximal reducing of absorbed in the thyroid due to the accumulation of radioactive iodine in the body thereby risk minimization of harmful health effects. The main task of planning and effective use of iodine prophylaxis is providing for all groups of population (in the first place children and embryo/fetus) with stable iodine with the shortest possible delay. In accordance with international and national legislation the efficiency of iodine prophylaxis depends on timing of its administration. To obtain full effectiveness of stable iodine for thyroidal blocking it requires that it be administered shortly before exposure or as soon after as possible. One of the lessons of Chornobyl is failure to carry out of iodine prophylaxis. In Ukraine alone it was performed 7460 thyroid surgical operations in people who were children during Chornobyl accident. Iodine prophylaxis during nuclear accident in 1986 fulfilled ineffective. It was conditioned by essential delay in decision-making, by problems with emergency-broadcast system and stable iodine providing. Guidelines concerning administration of stable iodine for the population of Ukraine are proposed. To date there are no itemized documents due to order of iodine prophylaxis in Ukraine. It is necessary to develop guidelines about iodine prophylaxis among people in case of radiation accident using international (IAEA, WHO, ICRP) and national requirements, guidelines, experience of another countries and lessons of Chornobyl accident.

30-33

Authors: Скалецький Ю.М., Торбін В.Ф., Вороненко В.В., Печиборщ В.П.

Accidence issue in peaceful use of nuclear energy, threat of nuclear and radiological terrorism in the world and limited capacity in the treatment of radiation injuries pay attention to pharmacological protection against radiation influence. Article aim is to describe the radio protective medicines which can be used in case of injuries of civilians and military personnel and to define the reasonability of using them as radioprotectors. Methods: аnalytical, historical, logical, systems approach. Results. In this publication it was analyzed existing prophylactic drugs against radiation injuries, legislation in force concerning different categories of workers and public, and also radioprotectors usage in case of increased radiation influence. The necessity of revision of acting legislation due to radiation protection from the aspect of improving of radioprotectors usage was specificated.

39-42

Authors: Нечаєв С.Ю., Ліхтарьов А., Сушко В.О., Ковган Л.М., Бончук Ю.В., Ратіа Г.Г., Арясов П.Б., Василенко В.В., Горбачов С.Г.

Working conditions on the transformation of the object "Shelter" into an ecologically safe system characterized by spontaneously formed radiation factors accidental origin. Radiation protection in these conditions is very different from radiation protection at a pre-designed practice. The purpose of article - benefit analysis of radiation protection in terms of providing individual monitoring of personnel involved in the transformation of the "Shelter". Methods: аnalytical, mathematical, dosimetry. Results. The article describes the results of the biophysical support of work on the object "Shelter". The results of the period from 2004 to 2012 are given in the paper as well as the evidence of compliance with the requirements of modern biophysical monitoring regulatory and normative practice of Ukraine. It is shown that the implementation of the practice of radiology maintenance of work on the object "Shelter" provides an adequate level of radiation protection of the personnel involved in the works on transformation of the "Shelter" into an ecologically safe system.

49-53

Authors: Павленко Т.О., Костенецький М., Куцак А.В., Севальнєв А., Аксьонов М.В., Фризюк М.А.

The aim was to study the content of radon in indoor air of preschool establishments in Zaporozhye region and to calculate radiation doses of the children. Measurements were carried out during the heating season by radonometric passive tracking device "Track 2010Z" with month exposured. All together there were 250 measurements in urban and rural preschool establishments. It is found that the geometric mean of equivalent equilibrium volume activity of radon-222 is 167 Bq∙m-3 that is more than 3 times higher than the hygienical standart, set by NRSU-97 for preschool establishments. Effective radiation doses of the children were calculated. Weighted average effective dose is 5.8 mSv per year with the level of variability 3,3-11,5 mSv per year. Found, that on the first floor of preschool establishments the radiation dose is higher than on the second floor. Doses, high enough to irradiate children in preschool establishments are basis for the antiradon activities.

60-63

Authors: Семашко П.В., Шкуро В.В., Очеретяна Г.В.

The objective of the investigations was to ascertain a total acoustic load of the population formed in life, in production and at the journey in a subway, and also to determine a contribution of the separate components in its formation. Methodologies: measurements of the equivalent and maximum levels of the sounds, calculations of the acoustic energy doses. Results. It was established that a total daily acoustic load of the population was equal to 0,765 Ра2*h. A contribution of a subway makes up 39,8%, contribution of life (day time) – 18,4%, production 41,8%. Conclusions. Acoustic load obtained by the population in a subway (approximately for 0.5 hour) is more than a load obtained by a human under conditions of life during a day and is about a load under conditions of noisy production. At making a decision on the decrease of the total acoustic load of the population and also in the investigations for the determination of noise impact on the health (determination of dose – effect dependence) it is necessary to take into account a contribution of the transport component (subway).

67-70

Authors: Мельникова Н.М., Лазаренко А., Моторнюк А.В.

The aim of the work was to study the effects of the drug Glutargin the content of protein fractions of blood of rats lead intoxication, which simulated oral administration of lead acetate at a dose of 70 mg/kg body weight (macrodispersed form) and nanoparticles of lead (nanoform) in a similar dose. Glutargin subjects were asked to rats per os with the first day of exposure rate of 100 mg/kg body weight. Intact animals during the experiment orally administered 0,9% NaCl. The contents of protein fractions in the blood of rats was determined after 14 days of exposure. Electroforetic study of blood proteins in rats found 16 protein fractions. Setting rats makrodyspersed and nanoform lead dose 7 mg/kg was found nine and eleven changes of protein fractions, respectively, compared with intact rats. Last of drug Glutargin, rats poisoned by different forms of lead dispersed, causing increased fibrinogen prealbuminiv molecular weight 20-15 kD, and reduction of Ig G1, ceruloplasmin, prealbuminiv molecular weight of 45 kD in the blood of rats of both experimental groups.

75-80

Authors: Білецька Е.М.

The article presents a historical analysis of the Dnipropetrovs’k Medical Academy hygiene school formation for the period of 100 years - from the formation of Katerinoslav province sanitary district council, as a unique self-government social organization in the XIX century, to the present. The basic stages of its development, including the creation of the Higher Courses of Hygiene School of Mines, their transformation in the department of general hygiene, social hygiene and labor hygiene in Katerinoslav Medical Academy in 1922, the formation of separate sanitary chairs in 1940-1948 years, their reorganization in the end of XX – beginning of XXI centuries. It is revealed, that Dnipropetrovs’k hygiene school during its existence formed a outstanding scientists’ group, gave more than 100 dissertations in different directions, devoted to hygienic diagnostics technogenic changing of environment, its impact on health and hygienic control levers and health promotion of industrial areas. Scientific contributions of scientists and teachers, their achievements and discoveries in the field of preventive medicine, in the formation of preventive attitudes of students are estimated. At the XIV hygienic congress 30 hygienists recognized as leading in Ukraine in XX century, six of which are from Dnipropetrovs’k hygiene school, indicating its importance in the noble cause of serving the public health.