Environment&Health (Dovkillia ta zdorovia)

11-15

Authors: ШИДЛОВСЬКА Т.В., ШИДЛОВСЬКА Т.А., ШЕВЦОВА Т.В., ВОЛКОВА Т.В., ГРЕЧКІВСЬКА Н.В., ЯВОРОВСЬКИЙ О.П., БРУХНО Р.П.

Objective. We studied the functional state of the acoustic analyzer cortex region by the data of long-latent auditory evoked potentials (LAEP) of the workers of “noise” professions, employed at the Obolon factory, taking into account the hygienic labour conditions. Methods and materials. We present a hygienic assessment of noise, microclimate, and lighting on the working places of the operators. The measurements were performed with the help of audiometer "Larson Davis 800B", globe thermometer “Tensor 41”, catathermometer (F 564), luxmeter “U-116”. We carried out the study of temporary indices of long-latent auditory evoked potentials in 37 workers of “noise” professions at the Obolon factory (mainly the operators engaged in beverage bottling). The control group consisted of 15 somatically and otologically healthy people not affected the industrial noise. Results. According to the “Hygienic Classification of Labour…” № 248 of 08.04.2014, approved by the Decree of the Ministry of Public Health of Ukraine, by the noise levels at different working places the labour conditions of the workers, engaged in beverage bottling, may belong to 3.1 labour conditions class (harmful conditions of the 1-st degree) and 3.2 class (harmful conditions of the 2-nd degree); by the temperature of the air – to 2 (permissible), 3.1 (harmful conditions of the 1-st degree) and 3.2 (harmful conditions of the 2-nd degree) labour conditions classes; by the labour process difficulty and its intensity – to 2 (permissible) and 3.1 (harmful conditions of the 1-st degree) labour conditions classes. As a whole the labour conditions of the operators, engaged in the beverage bottling, may be referred to the 3.2 danger class (harmful conditions of the 2-nd degree). At the analysis of the peak latent periods of P1, N1, Р2 and N2 components of the long-latent auditory evoked potentials under ipsilateral stimulation by 1 kHz tone in the main group a reliable increase in length of the peak latent period of the N2 component in the workers of “noise” professions was detected in comparison with the control one. Conclusions. A reliable (P<0.01) increase in the length of the peak latent period of the N2 component of long-latent auditory evoked potentials was observed in the workers of “noise” professions at the Obolon factory, affected the increased levels of permanent, wide-range noise, exceeding MAL at medium and high frequencies (500-8000 Hz), in comparison with the control group. It testifies about a dysfunction of the cortex structures of the acoustic analyzer in examined workers.

19-22

Authors: ВЕРГОЛЯС М.Р., ТРАХТЕНБЕРГ І.М., ДМИТРУХА Н.М.

Objective. We assessed a quality of drinking water from various sources of water supply by its cytotoxic effect on the cultures of human and animal cells in the experiments in vitro. Materials and methods. We investigated a cytotoxic effect of control water, obtained according to the requirements of the State Standards of Ukraine 4174: 2003 in the Laboratory of the Institute of Colloid Chemistry and Water Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, tap water, pump-room water, and bottled water "Znamenska." Studies were performed on the cells of HEK-293 line (human kidney cells), L929 line (mouse fibroblasts), and RTR (piglet testicles cells) from Zabolotny D.K. Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Results. Research of cytotoxicity of mentioned water samples in the MTT-test showed that the most toxic activity against human kidney cells (HEK-293) was manifested by the pump room water and tap water (a number of viable cells under their effect made up 64.41% and 77.00% respectively). In "Znamenska" water a number of viable cells made up 81.75%, control water demonstrated the smallest impact -91.73%. In the test with sulforodamin B a number of living cells under exposure of control water made up 103.00%, of tap water - 82.45%, of water from the pump rooms - 89.20%, of "Znamenska" water - 96.75%. In the test with sulforodamin B after addition of control water a number of viable cells was 81.45%, after addition of "Znamenska" water - 69.45%, tap water - 68.2%, and water from the pump room - 66 95%. Conclusions. Tap water had the highest cytotoxic effect according to MTT-test and test with sulforodamin B on human kidney cells (HEK-293), water from the pump room had the highest effect on the mouse fibroblast (L 929), water from the pump room had the highest one on the RTR testicles of piglets. Control water had the smallest impact on the cell viability. A negative impact of water on cell viability was manifested in the violations of mitochondria function and protein synthesis. The cells of RTR line were more sensitive to the toxic effect of water that may indicate the possible negative impact of water on the reproductive system of the organism.

30-34

Authors: ПРИЛИПКО В.А., ОЗЕРОВА Ю.Ю., КРАТИК П.Ф., ШЕВЧЕНКО К.К., БОНДАРЕНКО І.В., МОРОЗОВА М.М.

Objective. We assessed a state of the information of the population in the NPP surveillance zone on the consequences of nuclear power plant activity for the environment and its compliance with the existing information needs of the population residing near the objects of critical infrastructure. Materials and methods. The study was performed in the surveillance zone of the Rivne NPP in several directions: performance of the content analysis in separate editions of the press that are distributing at this territory; sociological survey of the adults on the information needs in the Rivne AP. We used the content analysis for the identification of the features of the information flow in 9 editions and 2 internet sites. 978 articles were analyzed according to the developed classifier for the period from January 2013 to August 2015. We have performed the sociological survey on the public awareness of the consequences of the NPP activity, the credibility of information sources and information needs among 220 persons in the surveillance zone of the Rivne NPP where a sampling error is 6.7%. Results. Content analysis of the selected media showed that a theme, connected with the activity of the Rivne NPP, was not topical and interesting for the journalists of all editions except specialized "Energy". Short news reports on the activities of the Rivne NPP, often provided by the NPP Information Centre (IC), prevail among the information flow. Publications of image character with neutral or positive tone predominate. The authorities do not use their opportunities to disseminate the information useful for the population and do not initiate the discussions on the critical environmental issues and subventions. Information field on the consequences of the NPP activity is forming under the powerful influence of IC NPP, which is directed on the creation of a positive image, but does not reflect all existing information needs of the community. The survey of the population indicates that there is a need of the information on the status of the background radiation (77.6%), the impact of the NPP on the environment (77.2%), detailed information on the conditions of storage and export of radioactive waste (45.2%) and a new reactor design solution (33.3%). Information nuclear strategy in the NPP surveillance zone requires a revision, taking into account a literacy in the radiation-hygienic issues and a risk degree of the residence near the nuclear cycle facility, a state of social activity and a readiness to accept one or the other information, guidelines for the health preservation, developments of the journalists who cover the emergencies

41-45

Authors: Vlasiuk N.V., Tarasiuk О.Y., Antomonov M.Y.

The objective was to perform scientific analysis of received data from questionnaire survey of Ukrainian population and to estimate dependence of self-assessment of respondents’ health on different factors at the late phase after the Chornobyl accident. Methods. Data collection was carried out using specially designed questionnaire which was offered for young people and their parents in Rivne, Zhytomyr, Kyiv, Odesa regions, also in Kyiv city and Slavutych town. Results preprocessing was performed using standard programs in Microsoft Office 2010. Using contingency tables, Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients, we assessed depending of health self-assessment in Ukrainian surveyed population from different factors in the late phase of the Chornobyl accident. Results. According to the survey results obtained database contains 2918 correctly completed questionnaires; 36% of respondents were parents, 64% - schoolchildren and students. It was found statistically significant relationship: between health level and sex (χ2 = 163.31; р<0.001) – the most male respondents assess their health status more positively, unlike women; between health self-assessment and educational level (rS = 0.99; р<0.001), where much of the respondents with secondary education estimate their health worse than respondents with higher education; between health self-assessment and evaluation of radiation contamination of territory where respondents live (rS =0.24; р<0.001); and also between health self-assessment and assessment of radiation content in consumed food products (χ2 = 118.03; р<0.001). So regardless of health self-assessment surveyed Ukrainian population believe that they live on radiation contamination territories and consume food with radionuclides. One third of respondents with “good” and almost one third with “excellent” health self-assessment are confident of strong affects on their health and the health of their family members from Chornobyl, significant relationship (rS =0.33; р<0.001). It was identified significant relationship (χ2 =25.31; р<0.001) between health self-assessment of Ukrainian people and existence of the Exclusion Zone as legacy of accident on Chornobyl NPP; 91.52% of respondents with assessment “bad” and 81.75% with assessment “excellent” consider in such way

52-55

Authors: КОВАЛЕНКО О.С., ЛЕПЬОХІНА Г.С., АЗАРХОВ О.Ю., ЗЛЕПКО С.М.

The purpose of work - to develop a classification of risks from the mother and child in the perinatal period of life. Materials and methods. Pregnant women, infants and children under 1 year of age without any diseases. Infants and children under 1 year of age with lesions of the central nervous system, which manifests itself in violation of the motor function of the child. Methods of functional diagnostics, forecasting of the body, mathematical statistics. Results. The classification confirms the need for complex interaction of medical personnel and perinatal centers neopatolohiv to detect risk factors of perinatal risk pregnancy and neonatal while determining the reasons that caused it. This approach demonstrates the need for providing modern medical equipment and systems niformatsiynymy these centers and clinics. An obligatory element of such systems should subsystems decision support rods in order improve the accuracy and reliability of the diagnosis and the effectiveness of the selected treatment. Novыm perspektyvnыm direction Reduction perynatalnoy pathology, optimization realnoy vozmozhnostyu the formative personality of the child, luchsheho psycho-emotional development, Reduction ynvalydnosty with childhood javljaetsja perinatalnaja Rehabilitation of the fetus and newborn. Pryvыchnыy for doctors term "Rehabilitation" kasaetsya situations, when utrachennыh Indeed Requires Restoration functions. At the same time, when Speech are talking about DEVELOPMENT fetus and newborn, it is necessary Create all terms to implement the physiological development, and a view ymeet perinatal Rehabilitation. Conclusions. For medical institutions, this means rapid flow of information to the doctor, so that he is able to timely detection and correction of risks arising in the perinatal period and can endanger the life of the child and the mother.

57-61

Authors: КОВАЛІВ М.О., ПЛАСТУНОВ Б.А.

Objective. We studied the functional condition of cardiovascular system and its relationship to gender, age, place of permanent residence, nutritional status, including iodine and vitamin C supply, and lead exposure of the students admitted to the Medical University. Materials and methods. Commonly accepted hemodynamic parameters at rest and after functional Martin-Kushelevsky test, body mass index, excretion of vitamin C and iodine with urine as indicators of energetic, vitamin and micronutrient components of nutritional status and content of δ-aminolevulinic acid in the urine as a biomarker of lead exposure were investigated in 212 girls and 78 boys 16-18 years of age at the beginning of the academic year. Results. The functional condition of cardiovascular system of the admitted students was determined to have age and gender differences, increasing with age; it was characterized by a tendency to tachycardia, rarely to prehypertension and hypotension, domination of sympathicotonia, signs of functional weakness of the myocardium on the background of normotonic inotropic response to functional test in the majority of students. The chronotropic response of the cardiovascular system to load, its poor functional status and tension of adaptation, especially in young men, were established in 24% of boys and 27% of girls. It indicates a lack of their physical training and requires the improvement of the functional status by means of physical education and sport. The chronotropic response and tension of adaptation were registered more often in the young men, residents of large cities, under the worst hemodynamic parameters after functional test than in the rural youths who have a higher level of motor activity. Some parameters of the functional condition of cardiovascular system in admitted students were connected with their nutritional status and lead exposure; it should be taken into account in the correction of the students’ nutrition.

63-68

Authors: ЯВОРОВСЬКИЙ О.П., СОЛОХА Н.В., ВЕРЕМЕЙ М.І., КАРЛОВА О.О., БОБИР В.В., ЧОБОТАР А.П.

We presented the data of our own experimental and clinical studies on the revealing of the effect of nanoparticles and nanomaterials on the organism of the operators, working on the nanoinstallations. Objective. We studied the hygienic working conditions, healthstate of the operators, and toxicological properties oft he new nanomaterials to prevent their possible negative effect on human. Materials and methods. Hygienic assessment of physical factors (dust of nanopowders, noise, microclimate) at the workplaces of the operators. Toxicological assessment: establishment of the average mortal dose in white mice and rats at the intramuscular and intraperitoneal administration, the impact of nanopowders on eye mucousand a rabbitskin, and intratracheal administration of titanium nitride nanopowder to rats for the revealing of the possible fibrogenic action. Clinical survey: detection of the activity of ALT, ASTenzymes, totalbilirubin, cholesterol, glucose in the blood of the operator. Ultrasound investigation of the structural changes in the liver by US method. We also studied the impact of nanoparticles on the immune system with the help of enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). Results. The work of the operators was established to be connected with the impact of physical factors of the working environment: dust, noise, temperature, humidity, infrared radiation, the main factor is a content of nanoparticles in the air of working area. Administration of nanopowders into the stomach of mice in doses of 5000, 10000 and 15000 mg/kg didn’t cause a death of the mice; injection into the rabbit eye caused a poor irritative action. Intratracheal administration of the titanium nitride nanopowders to rats leads to the interalveolar septum thickening, morphological markers of bronchitis development on the seventh day after the administration, and slowly progressing formation of pulmonary fibrosis in a year after a single administration. Clinical assessment of the hepatobiliary system demonstrated an increase of ALT, AST which combined with the changes of lipid metabolism (hypercholesterinemia) and carbohydrate metabolism (hyperglycemia). A long exposure of the nanopowders of the anoxic metal compounds causes the development of the systemic autoimmune response, involving cytokines, and, in its turn, it is a pathogenetic factor in the beginning anddevelopment of the structural vascular changes and toxic disordersof the digestive system. Conclusions. Obtained data were used for the improvement of the working conditions of the operators engaged in the synthesis of nanoparticles of the anoxic metal compounds.

75-79

Authors: ГУЩУК І.В.

Objective. Analysis of the current state of the development of public health in Ukraine. Materials and methods. In research we used the statistical reports on the state of health of the population of Ukraine, indices of the activity of national public health system, conceptual documents on its reformation and regulatory framework of the documents of international and regional organizations, publications on the experience of the prevention of infectious and non- infectious diseases in other countries with the operating system of public health. We used the following methods: bibliographical, historical, analytical, comparative, and systematic ones. Results. Central place in the European strategic plan "Health-2020: Fundamentals of European Policy in Support of Actions of the State and Society in the Interests of Health and Well-Being" is given to the population health protection. The current state of health of the Ukrainian population (according to the data of the WHO Regional Office for Europe) is characterized by the very high rates of morbidity and mortality, low life expectancy, lack of the opportunities to receive an appropriate medical care. Conclusions. The situation in the sphere of public health at the state level assumes an extraordinary character and brings a threat to the national security which is complicated by the lack of conscious attitude of the citizens to the need of the introduction of a healthy lifestyle. With this provision a health care system concentrates its attention on the treatment and doesn’t almost give consideration for the prevention of diseases.