Environment&Health (Dovkillia ta zdorovia)

4-9

Authors: Яловенко О.І., Голіченков О.М., Раєцька О.В., Ляшенко В.І., Майстренко З.Ю., Уманець Г.П., Кучеренко О.Ю., Бабій В.Ф., Кондратенко О.Є., Пімушина М.В., Винарська О.І., Григоренко Л.Є., Молдавська Н.Б., Томашевська Л.А., Дідик Н.В., Лемешко Л.П.

Objective. We performed a comparative study of the toxicological properties of different amphoteric surfactants for the prognostication of their harmful effect at the use of a cosmetic cleanser in the composition. Materials and methods. Four amphoteric surfactants: Cocoamphodiacetate, Coco-betain, Cocamodopropyl Betaine, Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate were studied in the work. Research was performed by the method of the in vitro assessment of cytotoxicity; classic toxicological method of the determination of toxicity integral indices; study of transdermal effect of the surfactants on guinea-pigs during 4 months with the assessment of hematological, immunological and biochemical indices of blood. Results and сonclusions. We experimentally proved that all studied amphoteric surfactants had cytotoxic and dermaresorptive properties of different degrees. Immunotoxic effect (suppression and sensibilization) was determined to be a characteristic feature of the biological effect of the amphoteric surfactants at their transdermal effect. Cocamodopropyl Betaine was the most toxic, it is a single among studied amphoteric surfactants to cause a development of hypersensitiveness of immediate and delayed types. Cocoamphodiacetate and Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate are the most safe. Their resorptive effect was proved by immunotoxic effect only.

15-19

Authors: ШЕВЧЕНКО О.А., КУЛАГІН О.О.

Objective. We assessed a phytotoxic effect of various concentrations of diesel fuel (DF) on wheat and radish germination in the laboratory experiment for its further hygienic regulation in soil. Material and methods. We used a phytotesting method. Plants sensitive to the action of oil products (wheat and radish) were used as a test claimant under conditions of the simulation of maximum effect of diesel fuel. In the laboratory experiment we used DF according to DSTC 4840:2007 «Diesel Fuel. Improved Quality» manufactured by Аvias ITF LTD. Statistical processing of the material was performed applying the program package Microsoft Excel 2010 and STATISTICA v.6.1®. Results. During the laboratory experiment the concentrations of DF were established to inhibit the germination of seed and to retard the development of roots of the test plants not less than by 20% relatively to control. Conclusions. According to the results of the laboratory experiment a scientifically substantiated threshold concentration of diesel fuel, causing a phytotoxic effect, makes up 1500 mg/kg.

26-28

Authors: БАБІЙ В.Ф., БРЕНЬ Н.І., ПІМУШИНА М.В., КОНДРАТЕНКО О.Є.

Objective. We determined the toxicological and hygienic indicators of textiles produced using "a copper filament" in accordance with the criteria of the evaluation of raw material and textile, leather, fur ones and products of them to justify the conditions for their safe use. Materials and methods. Hosiery produced with "copper fibers" was the object of the study. For the study of general toxic effect we used a method of the suspended culture of motile cells-bull sperm, and their motility was a test function. The method is based on the analysis of the change of the dependence of sperm motility index from time. Results. Evaluation of test results was carried out comparing the obtained toxicity indices for the test samples and the allowable range of toxicity index. The studied sample was considered as non-toxic one if index of toxicity had a value from 70% to 120%. Results of the determination of general toxic effect of textile products with "copper fibers" (by way of example of hosiery) showed that the index of toxicity made up 78.7% that agrees with the definition of "non-toxic". Thus studied textile products, made with "copper filament", do not manifest toxic properties and are safe for consumers.

37-41

Authors: КОНДРАТЮК В. А., ФЕДОРІВ О. Є., ЛОТОЦЬКА О. В.

Objective. We studied a character of isolated and combined effect of lead nanoparticles and lead acetate with sodium and potassium stearates under conditions of their intake with drinking water into organism. Materials and methods. We used hygienic, toxicological, biochemical, morphological, hematological and statistical methods (Student t-test, Mann-Whitney test), correlation analysis, divisional and additive options for the calculation of the coefficient of joint effect in terms of central tendency, variability and assessments of probability after M.Yu. Antomonov. Results. Under conditions of acute sanitary-and-toxicological experiment LD50 of lead acetate and lead nanoparticles was established to manifest a similar toxicity, to be at the level of 294.0 (242.0 ÷ 346.0) mg / kg (toxicity grade 1) and to have a pronounced capacity for cumulation (CI = 0.7). Maximum non-affecting concentration was ascertained to be equal to 0.006 mg/dm3, adjusted for the grade of toxicity - 0.0006 mg/dm3. A tentatively safe level for potassium stearate is 0.25 mg/dm3, for sodium stearate - 0.16 mg/dm3 on the basis of general sanitary hazard sign at the control of water quality for domestic-drinking and cultural-and-residential use. The combined effect of nanoparticles and lead acetate at the peroral use of drinking water with sodium and potassium stearates causes leukocytosis, accelerated maturation of myeloid series of cells in a bone marrow of rats and arrest of their release into peripheral blood due to inefficient cell division pronounced vascular disorders in liver, dystrophic, necrobiotic changes of hepatocytes, connective tissue cells, stromal cell infiltration. Less pronounced changes in the test body structure took place at the combined effect of lead acetate with sodium stearate.

46-49

Authors: ГРАЧОВА Т.І.

Objective. We studied the environmental factor effects (indices, characterizing a quality of the food intakes: caloric value, protein, carbohydrate, fat, calcium and phosphorus content; level of soil pollution by low doses of heavy metals and radionuclides, hygienic conditions at children’s educational institutions) on the indices of physical development of the children’s population in Chernivtsi. Materials and methods. We performed a multiple regression analysis to study the effect of the above-mentioned environmental factors on the indices of the physical development of pre-school age children and its harmony. Besides, we calculated the reliability indices for the regression coefficients. The comparison of the importance of environmental and nutritional factor effect on the indices of physical development was carried out in terms of β-coefficients’ values, and also we determined the percentage of the impact of the studied factors (d). The findings were processed on the PC using Statistica 7.0 software (StatSoft Inc., USA). Results. The analysis of multiple regression allowed us to point out the risk groups of pre-school age children which included the boys 3 years age as well as girls and boys at the age of 3.5 with strongly disharmonious physical development due to the body mass deficiency whose physical development was significantly influenced by most of the studied factors. Use of the multiple regression analysis allowed us to assess and validate the regressive models of the changes of the indices of balanced physical development of pre-school age children which may appear due to the changes of the studied environmental factors from the perspective of variance-and-statistical analysis.

55-59

Authors: ЧЕБЕРЯЧКО С.І., ЯВОРСЬКА О.О., ЧЕБЕРЯЧКО Ю.І.

Objective. We determined a professional risk level of the occurrence of dust etiology respiratory diseases in miners while using respirators. Materials and methods: For the calculation of risk level we used a technique offered by prof. Novikov S.M. On its basis we obtained the results confirming that dust effect built up with a significant MAC excess and an increase of time of the workers’ stay in the area of dust factor effect. Results. The anti-dust respirators were established to reduce a risk degree not more than by 50% that didn’t allow a sufficient level of the protection of miners. With this provision, an excess of dust concentration in under-mask space in the AA respirator at dust content of 150 mg/m3 in mine working reaches about 40% that is dangerous for the health of miners. Conclusions. A risk of the occurrence of dust etiology diseases can be decreased owing to properly fitted qualitative anti-dust respirators but not to the safe level. It needs not only to improve a respirator design but also to provide motivation for their use by the miners.

68-74

Authors: АДАМЧУК Т.В., ЧУМАК Н.Є.

Objective. We compared the European legislation on food additives, flavorings and enzymes with the Ukrainian one and formulated the main risks for human health in the context of the changes in the Ukrainian legislation connected with the regulation of food additives, flavorings, enzymes. Materials and methods. The analysis of the scientific literature and the Ukrainian and international normative acts as well, concerning the safety and regulation of food additives, flavorings, enzymes. Results. The main changes, implemented in the legislation of Ukraine, concerning the regulation of food additives, flavorings and enzymes, and entered into force on 20.09.2015, are the Law of Ukraine "On Basic Principles and Requirements for Safety and Quality of Food Products" and amendments to the Law of Ukraine "On Ensuring of Sanitary and Epidemiological Well-Being of the Population". The law provides for the registration of sanitary measure objects by the central body of the executive power which creates and ensures the implementation of state policy in the sphere of public health. Automatic including of the permitted food additives, permitted in the EU, is provided in the domestic registry. The above norm deprives Ukraine of the sovereign right to determine the security requirements to the objects of the environment of human vital activity. According to the EU Regulation 1333/2008, 325 food additives were included in the list of the permitted. In Ukraine 264 food additives were included in “The List of Food Additives Approved for Use in Foods”. Thus, 115 food additives are introduced in the State Register of Ukraine without scientific justification and even without toxicological dossier for them. It should be noted that more stringent standards were set for certain food additives in Ukraine. In case of flavorings, the implementation of the Law entails the adoption of the list of the aromatic substances of about 3000 denominations without scientific justification and evaluation. As for enzymes, at present the European register of food enzymes has not been formed yet. It should be noted that it is simply impossible to use the international normative-legal basis in mentioned sphere without adequate procedure for its harmonization and adaptation to the domestic conditions. Performing the harmonization of the Ukrainian legislation with the international one, it is inadmissible to reduce a level of the protection of public health adopted in the country. Conclusions/ The main risks for the health of the population in the context of changes in the legislation of Ukraine concerning the regulation of food additives, flavorings, enzymes are: harmonization without scientific justification, incomplete adaptation of the European legislation and new regulator (the competent authority) which is not able yet to implement all its powers for the implementation of state policy in the sphere of security and separate indicators of food quality in full.