Environment&Health (Dovkillia ta zdorovia)

4-8

Authors: СЕРДЮК А.М., КОБЛЯНСЬКА А.В., СКЛЯРЕНКО К.А.

Objective. We determined the main conditions of the application of program-target planning in the development and the implementation of national comprehensive programs aimed at the realization of public health state policy of Ukraine. Materials and мethods. Analysis of legislative acts and standard-methodical materials in the sphere of public health of Ukraine and also the analysis of documents and scientific-methodological materials of the WHO and other international institutions, monitoring of the implementation of the state target programs in public health. Results. Urgency of the problem is connected with a necessity of a detailed study of state planning in the field of public health in Ukraine. The state target programs, realizing the goals and the objectives of the state policy of Ukraine, should become its basis. We present the analysis of the main legislative documents in the sphere of state programs by the example of inter-branch comprehensive program "Health of Nation" for 2002-2011 as one of the most large-scale, based on the principles of the WHO, during the time of the independence of Ukraine. There are the results of the implementation of the scientific part of the program. The importance and the main shortcomings of the program are demonstrated. A main direction of the state policy in public health is demonstrated to have to become a provision of its integrity at the expense of the unified approaches to planning.

14-18

Authors: СЕМАШКО П.В., КОНОНОВА О.В.

The scientific substantiations for the revision of existing Ukrainian sanitary norms SN № 34077-84 «Sanitary norms of allowable noise in residential and public buildings and in residential areas" and DBN V.1.1-31: 2013 «Protecting areas of houses and buildings from the noise. Materials and methods. An analysis of the literature on the evaluation criteria of noise in residential and public buildings. Calculation of the corrected scale "A" sound levels - DSTU-NB V.1.1-35: 2013 "Guidelines for the calculation of noise levels in the rooms and in the territories" Appendix B. Calculation of SIL - by ANSI S12.2-2008: “Criteria for Evaluating Room Noise”. Calculation of the required reduction and the required insulation - by DBN V.1.1-31: 2013. “Protecting areas of houses and buildings from the noise”. Results. The inconsistency in CH № 3077-84 and DBN V.1.1-31: 2013 according of permissible sound pressure level to its permissible sound levels was proved, which leads to incorrect hygienic assessment of noise in the rooms and in the territories. It was proved that the use of permissible sound pressure levels CH № 3077-84 and DBN V.1.1-31: 2013, the calculation of the required sound insulation of building envelopes leads to an underestimation of its values, which in turn leads to disruption of the acoustic mode planned residential premises and public buildings is still at the design stage. Recommended permissible sound levels and sound pressure for residential and public buildings. Conclusions. The scientific basis for the revision of existing Ukrainian sanitary norms SN № 34077-84 «Sanitary norms of allowable noise in residential and public buildings and in residential areas" and DBN V.1.1-31: 2013 “Protecting areas of houses and buildings from the noise”.

24-30

Authors: КОРШУН М.М., РУДА Т.В., КОРШУН О.М., ДЕМА О.В.

Objective. We assessed a risk of groundwater contamination with dimoxystrobin based on mathematical modeling and experimental study of its vertical migration in the "soil – groundwater" system and a scientific substantiation of the threshold concentration in soil by water–migration index of the risk for the further development of maximum allowable concentration (MAC) in soil. Materials and мethods. A forecast of the risk of groundwater contamination with dimoxystrobin was conducted on the basis of the determination of the integral risk vector, proceeding from the index of leaching potential, period of substance half-destruction due to a hydrolysis and a zone of biological action. During the mathematical modeling of dimoxystrobin migration from soil into groundwater we used the regression equations, describing a dependence of the hygienic standards in soil from the MAC in water reservoirs. Experimental study of dimoxystrobin vertical migration was performed on 6 filtration columns, designed by Acad. E.I Honcharuk, with a use of the model soil reference № 1 and leached black earth. Initial concentrations of dimoxystrobin in the upper (0.2 m) layer of soil made up 0.05; 0.1; 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg. During the first 30 days sample selection of filtrate was performed daily, then – every 5 days. Dimoxystrobin in the filtrate was determined by the method of high-performance liquid chromatography with a limit of quantitative determination of 0.001 mg/dm3. Results. Dimoxystrobin has a low or medium mobility by the rate of organic carbon adsorption coefficient but a high ability to migration from soil into groundwater by the index of the potential elution. The tentative allowable concentration (TAC) of dimoxystrobin in the soil, calculated by the regression equations, made up 0.04 mg / kg, it was half as many as the TAC approved in Ukraine. Integral vector of the risk for the health of the population due to the groundwater contamination with dimoxystrobin complies with a high level (138,6 points). Dimoxystrobin was established experimentally to be extremely mobile in the “soil–groundwater” system. Migration levels of dimoxystrobin from soil to filtrate depend on the type of the surface arable layer and the initial concentrations of the substance. The threshold dimoxystrobin concentration in soil by water–migration risk coefficient was determined on the level of 0.05 mg/kg, which corresponded to 1.5 maximum rates of application. Therefore, a use of the preparations, based on dimoxystrobin in a maximum recommended rate of application, will not cause a contamination of groundwater under the real soil-and-climatic conditions of Ukraine.

35-38

Authors: ГОРОВА А.І., БУЧАВИЙ Ю.В.

Objective. We studied a level of the greenery planting in the sanitary protection zones (SPZ) of the Dnepropetrovsk industrial enterprises. Materials and мethods. We applied the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for the assessment of the level of territories’ greening planting and the quality of green space. For its calculation we used the multispectral aerial photographs obtained from the archives of satellite imagery Landsat 8. Processing of aerial photos, calculation of average-seasonal values of the NDVI, as well as their classification with a further zone-statistical analysis at the territories of the SPZ were performed in the program ESRI ARCMAP 9. Results. The green areas at the territories of the SPZ were determined to be placed irregularly. A significant part of the SPZ territories of the industrial enterprises is characterized by rare vegetation and open soil. The enterprises that didn’t meet the requirements for the amount of vegetated areas of the SPZ were revealed as a result of zone-statistical analysis.

43-46

Authors: КУЗЬМІНОВ Б.П., МАТИСІК С.І., ЗАЗУЛЯК Т.С., МИКИТЧАК Т.І.

Objective. We studied the acute toxicity of Antral in Daphnia magna Straus. Materials and methods. We determined the acute toxicity of Antral in the concentrations of 0.05; 0.10; 0.20; 0.50; 1.00 and 2.00 mg/l among 180 juvenile Daphnia magna Straus. The control group consisted of 30 individuals which were in the pure cultivation medium. The duration of the experiment made up 96 hours. The toxicity was determined by death not less than 50% of the experimental individuals during 1; 6; 24; 48; 72 and 96 hours. For LC 50 calculation we used a percentage of the individuals perished in the experiment relative to the control. The percentage of mortality was transferred into probit and a concentration of the substance - into their decimal logarithm. According to these values we had constructed the graphs from which we determined the lethal concentration of Antral by the antilogarithm of the concentration in probit with the meaning of 5 for each period of the experiment. Results. Conditions for the determination of Antral acute toxicity in the alternative test systems were satisfied, and mortality in Daphnia magna Straus to 10% in the control and less than 50% by the exposure of different concentrations of the preparation indicates it. Dependence of the death in Daphnia magna Straus from studied Antral concentrations was determined. Coefficient of correlation among these indicators for 24 h made up 0.88; for 48 h - 0.98; for 72 h - 0.91 and for 96 h - 0.90 (p<0.05 in all cases). Average lethal Antral concentrations (mg/l) for the biotests of different duration: for 48 h - 3.7; for 2 h - 7.1; for 96 h - 2.5 were calculated according to the graphs of probit values. Average meaning of LC 50 for Antral makes up 4.4 mg/l, standard deviation – 2.4 mg/l. Antral concentration of 2.0 mg/l (Grade 2 of toxicity) was proved to be a weakly toxic one.

51-54

Authors: РУДНИЦЬКА О.П., БЕРДНИК О.В., ДОБРЯНСЬКА О.В.

Objective. We predicted a probability of the formation of some types of pathology in preschool age children living in the big city. Materials and methods. We calculated the prognostic levels of morbidity for 2020 year based on a retrospective (1972-2014) analysis of the morbidity dynamics in the children 6-7 years of age (living in two districts of big city) using the extrapolation method (mathematic modeling and determination of moving average). The analysis of morbidity was performed on the basis of the documentations of preschool institutions. The evaluation of accuracy and reliability of the prognosis consisted in the calculation of the error of approximation and mathematical model coefficients. Results. The calculation of the morbidity in the senior preschool age children, living in the big city, demonstrates that the levels of the prevalence of diseases, connected etiopathogenetically with the environmental contamination, will be increased till 2020. In spite of more intensive prognostic increase of children’s morbidity in the districts located near the big industrial enterprises, the levels of children’s morbidity in the districts located near the highways will be higher. The results of the verification allow us to consider these prognoses more accurate and reliable. They can be used for creation and planning of the preventive measures for the improvement of preschool age children health status.

59-62

Authors: ЗАВАДА М.І.

Objective. We studied children’s and adolescent’s health state by the dynamics of the analysis of its main indicators in the Lviv region. Materials and methods: We analyzed the indicators of the prevalence of diseases and morbidity of the children of 0-14 years of age and the adolescents of 15-17 years of age. These indicators were got from the annual reports of the indicators of health state and activities of public health institutions in the Lviv region for 2009-2013. Results. Respiratory diseases ranked the first in the structure of the prevalence of diseases and morbidity among the children and the adolescents in the Lviv region. Diseases of endocrine and musculoskeletal systems were registered more often in the adolescents than in the children.The dynamics of general prevalence and morbidity in the children remained relatively constant, and a growth of the diseases of nervous system and neoplasm by more than 20% was registered. An increase of general prevalence of diseases by 18%, morbidity – by 13%, and a growth of all groups of diseases practically, especially mental and behavioral disorders, neoplasm were determined in adolescents. The results indicate that last years the health of children, especially of adolescents, deteriorated significantly in the Lviv region.

70-76

Authors: БОБКО Н.А.

Objective. We revealed the effects of biological and social nature factors on the professional reliability of locomotive driver under shiftwork. Materials and methods. We performed the analytical literature review of the library and electronic databases (Medline, Pubmed, CIS, Embase) via Internet using search computer technology (Google, Yahoo, Rambler) by means of web-based and client-server database management systems. Results. The existing systems of professional selection, training, body state control and correction are not effective enough to ensure the reliable daily operation of locomotive drivers. Harmful and dangerous working conditions exacerbate the development of fatigue, which is one of the underlying causes of transport accidents. Regularities of its development are closely related to the time of day, duration and intensity of the work shift, the shift series, time of the year, with human age, weather, climate and geomagnetic conditions. Thus, the circadian rhythm potentiates feeling tired at night, in the early morning hours and minimizes it at the afternoon and evening. The frequency of a signal passed at danger increases after 8-10 hours of continuous operation and increases up to 7-9 times at the 12-22-nd hours of working. The accident risk due to the fault of locomotive drivers doubled after 4-6 hours of driving compared to the first hours of operation, after 10 consecutive working days compared to the first five ones, reached maximum scores from midnight to 4 a.m., in February and August. Young drivers react to the road events quickly, but the accident commit more frequently. Ageing speeds the fatigue development and delays the recovery. The most effective way to prevent the early fatigue development is the sufficient quality sleep. However, its duration in a car is 25% shorter than at home, the sleep structure is changed. Both the sleep deficit and tiredness are the greatest at night and early morning shifts. Bad weather (precipitation), an increase in intensity of the Earth geomagnetic field increases the risk of railway incidents. Conclusion. Optimization of working conditions, design and equipment of cabins, railway crossings, the maximum possible taking into consideration of the biological and environmental factors reducing the effectiveness of driving activities while improving chronobiological bases of working and rest regimes are a reserve for increase of the locomotive drivers professional reliability.