Environment&Health (Dovkillia ta zdorovia)

9-13

Authors: КОРЗУН В.Н., ГАРКУША С.Л.

We developed a food intake with the application of vegetable oil-cakes for the optimization of the diet therapy to prevent a metabolic syndrome and assessed the impact of the developed food intake and the Mediterranean diet on the prevention of the complications of metabolic syndrome. Materials and Methods. A secondary raw material of oil crops (oil-cakes) is a valuable source of macro- and microelements, vitamins, dietary fibers. Oil cake is a solid residue of oilseeds after removal of oil from them by the extraction process. It is a byproduct of vegetable oil production. Thus, the oil–cakes of the fruits of milk thistle, flax seeds, oats, pumpkin, wheat, wheat germs with the grape stones are a source of protein with a high biological value and separate essential amino acids, dietary fibers (cellulose, pectins, hemicellulose, lignin), fats (including polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3, omega-6, omega-9), carotenoids, tocopherols, vitamins A, C, E, B group, beta-carotene, macro- and microelements Ca, P, K, S , Mg, Cl, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, Se, Br, F, I, Ni, and others. We studied the most widespread diets directed to the reduction of body mass. Results. A reduction of body mass by 3-4 kg per month occurred in the patients with MS who consumed a diet with the oil-cakes for 6 months, to the end of observation it decreased by 21.9%, systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased by 16,6-18,1%, blood glucose - by 18.9%, total serum cholesterol – by 33.2%. Indices of triglycerids, lipoprotein cholesterol of low and very low density decreased. As a result of weight loss, normalization of the indices of lipid, carbohydrate blood spectrum, levels of systolic and diastolic arterial pressure in patients of the second group, consumed a diet with oil-cakes, a general physical and emotional state significantly improved, a tolerance of physical loads increased.

18-21

Authors: Солоха Н.В.,Колесова Н.А.

Interest to nanodispersive materials is connected with their common use in industry as a primary raw material. There is a likelihood of areal dust output hazard in the air of the working place. That’s why a histological study of the lungs in the experimental animals was an urgent one. Objective. We studied the effect of the ultramicroscopic nitride titanium dust factor on the laboratory rats’ respiratory organs by means of the intratracheal introduction. Materials and мethods.The study was conducted in 18 white rats of the same weight. Ultramicroscopic titanium nitride was intratracheally administered to the animals. The lung slices were prepared using a microtome for histological examination. We stained the sections with hematoxylin and eosin by Van Gieson method and evaluated them with the help of microscope. Results. We established previously that operators of thermosynthesis had been exposed to titanium nitride.The amount of dust nanoparticles was determined in the samples, their mass concentration per cubic meter and total surface area made up 5.35 g/m3 and 1.33Ч108 nm2/cm3. Conglomerates of titanium nitride powder were identified in the macrophages among the alveolar membranes in the form of either larger or smaller clusters with its decrease in the dynamics of the experiment. Intraalveolar membranes were thickened in the areas of material accumulation, infiltrated mainly by small and medium lymphocytes with plasmocites, tissue basophils, macrophages, and occasionally neutrophilus. The ultramicroscopic titanium nitride administration resulted in the morphological signs of chronic bronchitis onset: thickening, swelling and infiltration of all walls’ layers, and dystrophic changes and desquamations of ciliated epithelium as well. Conclusions: A single intratracheal titanium nitride ultramicroscopic particles’ administration causes the structural changes in the bronchial tree and respiratory segment, their severity and character depend on the aerosol exposure duration.

31-35

Authors: DUBOVA N.F., BANDAZHEVSKY YU.I

Детское население, проживающее на прилегающих к Чернобыльской зоне территориях, находится в чрезвычайно неблагоприятных условиях, характеризующихся неравномерностью радиоактивного загрязнения почв, высоким коэффициентом поступлення 137Cs в растения, биотопическими особенностями местности (дефицит микро- и макроэлементов на фоне йодной эндемии), деформацией рационов питания, депрессивным характером развития экономики районов и низким уровнем жизни людей. В этой связи крайне важным является изучение физического развития (ФР) детей как одного из важнейших показателей здоровья растущего организма. Цель исследования - оценка ФР сельских детей, проживающих в радиоактивно загрязненных вследствие Чернобыльской катастрофы районах Киевской области, с помощью индексов массы тела и Рорера. Материалы и методы. Исследовалось детское население в возрасте 6-17 лет, проживающее в Иванковском и Полесском районах, которые непосредственно граничат с зоной отчуждения. Основой для изучения послужили антропометрические данные, полученные в рамках проведеного углубленного обследования детей и подростков районов в 2014-2015 годах. Анализом охвачено 1275 школьников: 630 мальчиков и 645 девочек. В качестве скрининг-тестов оценки отклонений в ФР использовались индекс массы тела и индекс Рорера. Изучение поло-возрастных особенностей ФР проводилось как по одногодичным возрастным группам, так и по укрупненным: 6-9 лет, 10-14 лет и 15-17 лет. Стандартом ФР детей служили нормативные значения индексов массы тела по полу и возрасту, разработанные в Институте гигиены и медицинской экологии им. А.Н. Марзеева НАМНУ. Математическая обработка осуществлялась с помощью таблиц Microsoft Excel 2010. Результаты. Показано, что среди обследованных во всех возрастных группах превалировали мальчики и девочки с величиной индексов, трактуемых как норма. Частота дисгармонично развитых детей варьировала в пределах 32,0-41,0% в зависимости от пола и возраста, а также используемого скрининг-теста. Среди дисгармоничных вариантов ФР у школьников Иванковского и Полесского районов преобладали случаи с избытком массы тела, особенно у девочек. Дети младшего и старшего школьного возраста являются наиболее неблагополучными по ФР и требуют тщательного наблюдения и принятия корректирующих мер для предупреждения развития заболеваний.

42-47

Authors: МОТРУК І.І., РОДІНКОВА В.В.

Pollen of herbaceous anemophilous flora is an important factor of the seasonal allergy worldwide. If the main seasons of herbaceous plants’ pollen distribution, causing the symptoms of allergy, have been already determined and described for some regions of Ukraine, a long-term circadian distribution of such pollen concentrations has not been described in our country at all. Objective. We studied the changes in the concentrations of the herbaceous plants’ pollen grains during a day in the ambient air of the Central region of Ukraine by way of example of Vinnitsa city. Materials and Methods. Aerobiological study was performed with the application of the standard volumetric method during the seasons of 2012-2014. Results. We determined that different taxonomic groups of the herbaceous plants emitted intensively pollen in the ambient air from the beginning of May to the end of September. The largest pollen load was observed at 01.00 p.m. when the peak concentrations or concentrations similar to them of the pollen grains of the plants of Cannabaceae, Amaranthaceae, Polygonaceae families, ambrosia, Artemisia, plantain, nettle were registered in the air. There is a risk of pollinosis to the pollen grains of Artemisia, plantain, nettle, plants of Koeleria gracilis Pers, Astereaegenus and Polygonaceae families, including sorrel, in the period from 15.00 to 19.00. The residents of Vinnitsa can be affected the pollen grains of Artemisia, plantain, plants of Astereaegenus, Cannabaceae, Polygonaceae families in the interval from 07 to 11 a.m. Conclusions. We established that herbal plants’ pollen in the ambient air of Vinnitsa had mainly a local origin or migrated to the city from the adjoining territories and an increase of the concentrations of pollen grains in the air of a daytime indicated of it. Increases of the pollen concentrations were noted at night. It can be initiated by a transfer of the pollen grains of ambrosia, plantain, plants of Cannabaceae, Astereaegenus families at a long distance. Established circadian fluctuations of the allergenic pollen concentrations are an important contribution to the system of the prophylaxis of the symptoms of seasonal allergy developed in Vinnitsa.

54-58

Authors: ПРОКОПОВ В.О., ЛИПОВЕЦЬКА О.Б., АНТОМОНОВ М.Ю.

We determined the quantitative indices of the impact of non-standard drinking water on the circulation system diseases in the Kherson’s population using a highly mineralized water from the centralized drinking water supply system. Methods and materials. We studied the impact of mineralized tap drinking water from the underground sources in Kherson on the morbidity of the circulation system diseases. The water, using by the population, includes above-standard levels of hardness salts, dry residue, chlorides and sulfates. The values of these parameters in drinking water exceed the MAC 2 times, and 3-4 times in the Suvorov district of the city. Chernihiv was taken as a control, there were no deviations from the standard there. All the newly registered cases of the circulation system diseases and separate nosologies for ten years period (2004-2013) in these cities were a subject of the retrospective epidemiological surveillance by the cohorts’ method. Results. Primary morbidity analysis showed a significant difference of the circulation system diseases levels in the studied settlement in comparison with the control one (p<0.05). A high level of the circulation system diseases’ morbidity in the population of the city of Kherson is likely due to the diseases in the residents of the Suvorov district consuming more mineralized drinking water than the residents of the other city areas. Forecasting of the morbidity level showed that 1150 additional cases of the circulation system diseases per 100 thousand people were caused by the above-standard content of mineral substances in water.

62-67

Authors: ПОНОМАРЕНКО Н.П., КОРШУН М.М., ГАРКАВИЙ С.І., АНТОМОНОВ М.Ю.

Objective. Identification of causal relationship between the environment and the level of child health indicators of the agricultural region on an example of Chernihiv region. Materials and methods. The dynamic relationship between the pollution of drinking water, food, air and soil and level of primary and general morbidity in 0-14 years old children, levels of stillbirth, perinatal, neonatal, post-neonatal, infant mortality in 2001-2012 was studied. A cross-correlation analysis with the determination of cross-correlation coefficient (r) and log (Δt), calculated in years, through which most clear changes in indicators of child health due to the action of environmental factors manifest was applied. Results. It was found that the leading factors that have the time-delay impact on the health of the rural child population Chernihiv region are: air pollution, epidemic safety of food, helminthological and bacterial pollution of soil, the quality of drinking water (the sanitary-chemical indicators for centralized water supply; both the sanitary-chemical and sanitary-bacteriological indicators for decentralized water supply). Chemical pollution of soil, bacterial pollution of tap water, radioactive and chemical pollution of food have a delayed impact only on selected indicators of children's health.

72-75

Authors: РУДНИЦЬКА О.П., БЕРДНИК О.В.

Objective. We studied the features of the morbidity level formation among the senior pre-school age children residing in the different districts from the ecological point of view. Materials and methods. We examined the children aged 5-6 years residing and attending pre-school institutions located in different ecological conditions: along the large highways, near industrial enterprises and in relatively pure district in Kyiv. Our materials were obtained with the help of the copy of the data from the primary medical documents at pre-school institutions and surveys of the parents on the development and child’s health state at the early stage of ontogenesis. Assessment of the organism resistance was performed on the basis of the determination of multiplicity and duration of acute respiratory infections. Results. The obtained results demonstrate that a morbidity formation significantly depends on the ecological conditions in the places of residence.The morbidity formation is the most intensive at the territories located along the large highways: the morbidity level in the children of these pre-school institutions increases the similar one in the districts near the industrial enterprises by 1.76 fold, in the relatively pure district – by 1.91 fold. The highest proportion of the children which were often ill for a long time and low resistant to the acute respiratory diseases were also revealed at the pre-school institutions located along the highways. So now it is necessary to renew a preventive sanitary inspection for the location of pre-school institutions and environmental control, just the ambient air in the places of their location.