Environment&Health (Dovkillia ta zdorovia)

4-9

Authors: КОБЛЯНСЬКА А.В., СКЛЯРЕНКО К.А.

Study Objective. To study the fundamental European principles of NCD prevention, and minimize the impact of risk factors on population health, identify the environmental and social determinants that are directly related to the emergence of diseases and health conditions. Materials and methods: The sources of scientific information became legal documents, scientific and educational materials, WHO, as well as government regulations and key documents in the field of Public Health of Ukraine, in particular for the prevention of NCDs and to minimize the risk of exposure to hazardous factors. Results. The high prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases such as around the world, and in Ukraine, is a serious challenge to public health. Analyzes some of the most important strategic documents of the European Union on prevention and control of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) as adopted by the world health organization (WHO) at all levels - global, regional and national. International experience strongly suggests that the starting point for action in the field of health protection should be the distribution of actions across all sectors of government and society, recognizing the need for a comprehensive approach to the health of the population, embodied in the comprehensive national strategy aimed at addressing the most important priorities, with a clear indication of the future direction for the activities and the expected contributions from the different sectors of society and sectors of the economy. International experience, analysis of the performance and experience of carrying out the comprehensive program "Health of nation" for 2002-2011 in Ukraine is the basis for a multi-sectoral approach for the development of strategic projects of preventive medicine involving representatives of both state and non-state structures (ministries, departments, agencies, non-governmental and professional organizations).

13-17

Authors: СУРМАШЕВА О.В., РОМАНЕНКО Л.І., КОРЧАК Г.І., НІКОНОВА Н.О., ГОРВАЛЬ А.К., БЕРЕЗОВЧУК С.М., ДІДІКІН Г.Г.

The purpose of the study. The study of antimicrobial activity and physical properties of composite on the basis of kaolin and silver nanoparticles was the purpose of the study. Materials and methods. The composite on the basis of the preparation of kaolin “Kremnevit” and silver nanoparticles (NPS Ag) obtained by electron-beam evaporation in vacuum with subsequent deposition from the vapour phase has been created. Antimicrobial activity against E. coli was determined by suspension method. As the control was a solution of silver nitrate. Determination of the size, shape and distribution of NPS Ag has been performed by a scanning electron microscope of Tescan Vega GP. The stability of aqueous suspensions of the composite was recorded by laser correlation spectrometry in spectrometer "Zeta Sizer-3”, the concentration of silver by the method of atomic emission spectroscopy. The research results and their discussion. The obtained composite had high antimicrobial activity against E. coli. Composite diluted to a concentration of 0,27 мcg/g by silver exerted a bactericidal effect on microorganisms at a concentration of (4.5 x 106) CFU/ml for 24 hours, and diluted up to 2.7 mcg/g - for 4 hours of contact. Electron microscopy sized NPS Ag for the level of 10-60 nm, NPS Ag had a spherical shape. The most common size of the nanoparticles of kaolin is from 60-140 nm. NPS Ag form a stable structure with particles of kaolin. After 50 days of aging the suspension of the composite with concentration of 0.001% by silver had maintained its high antimicrobial activity, the concentration of NPS Ag in the supernatant was (0,054±0,011) µg/g. The high antimicrobial activity of the obtained composite material allowed recommend it for application in medicine for the prevention and treatment of infections of different localization, as enter sorbent in the gastro-intestinal infections, dysbacteriosis, as well as in other areas of biology and economy.

23-25

Authors: ЄРЕМ Т.В.

Objective. We studied the quantitative content of the heavy metals in the vegetable blend, grown on the territory of the Transcarpathian region that was a food intake of the local population. Materials and methods. We used such research methods of the study of microelement composition of vegetable blend: instrumental-and-laboratory, sanitary-and-chemical. All the digital data, obtained during the experiments, were processed by the methods of variation statistics. Results. In the course of our study we proved the presence of a low concentration of heavy metals in the food intakes of the inhabitants of the Transcarpathian region. Conclusions: The obtained data suggest that studied samples of the vegetable blend, comprising a food intake of the residents of the Transcarpathian region, should be considered ecologically pure by the content of lead and mercury. In case of their application they cannot be a reason of dangerous changes in the health state of the population. Monitoring of the content of heavy metals in the vegetables of the Transcarpathian region should be continued not only for current control of the quality of the foodstuffs, but also for the accumulation of the results of laboratory studies of heavy metals in the products of all areas of the region taking into account hydrogeological, agrochemical, climate-and-weather, and other conditions for the cultivation of the agricultural crops; storage, and processing, transportation of the foodstuffs.

30-35

Authors: ПОНОМАРЕНКО Н.П. ГАРКАВИЙ С.І., КОРШУН М.М., АНТОМОНОВ М.Ю.

Objective: assessment of the influence of environmental factors on the health indices of child population in rural areas of Chernihiv region. Materials and methods. The relationship between the level of primary and general morbidity in children of 0-14 years, stillbirth, perinatal, neonatal, postneonatal, infant mortality rates and the condition of contamination of drinking water, food, air and soil in the period of 2001-2012 was studied. Sources of information were the data of the Regional Centre for Information and Analytical Technologies, and Promoting a Healthy Lifestyle of Chernihiv Regional Council as well as the statistical form № 18 "Report on the environmental factors that affect the health of the population". A correlation analysis with the calculation of the Pearson correlation coefficient was used. Results. It was found that the leading factors that affect the health of the rural child population of Chernihiv region are the quality of drinking water by the sanitary-chemical and sanitary-bacteriological parameters, epidemiological and radiation safety of food, the quality of atmospheric air and helminthological soil pollution. Chemical pollution of food and bacteriological pollution of soil have much less influence on children's health. Between the chemical pollution of soil and the test parameters, the reliable positive connection was not revealed at all.

42-46

Authors: КАПРАНОВ С.В.

Objective. We studied the general and primary disability among children in the industrial cities with a high technological load and rural area with a less significant technological load, as well as in the Luhansk region in general during 1996-2013. Materials and methods. The estimation of primary and general disability in children under 17 years was performed on the basis of statistical data analysis of the annual reference books prepared by the Luhansk Regional Children's Hospital. Results and summary. Among the causes of general and primary children`s disability in the region, industrial towns and rural areas, the congenital anomalies (Q00-Q99) come the first, diseases of the nervous system (G00-G99) come the second, mental and behavioral disorders (F00-F59) are the third. Among the causes of common disability, the disorders of eye and adnexa (H00-H59) come the fourth, the endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (E00-E90) are the fifth. In the industrial cities with the large enterprises of black metallurgy and coke-chemical production, especially in Alchevsk, the endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (as one of the main causes of general and primary children`s disability) are largely determined by the adverse environmental conditions and other factors of urban environment. Children`s disability in Alchevsk due to blood and hemopoietic organs’ diseases, cerebral palsy, eye and adnexa diseases, diseases of digestive system, diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue is also caused by the influence of technogenic environment. We noted a statistically significant regularity of the increase of disability for C00-D48, E00-E90, H00-H59, L00-L99, M00-M99, N00-N99 and Q00-Q99 classes of diseases, especially C00-D48, E00-E90 and Q00-Q99 classes. The preventive measures were developed.

51-55

Authors: ШИДЛОВСЬКА Т.А., ШИДЛОВСЬКА Т.В., КОЗАК М.С., ОВСЯНИК К.В., СЕРБІН Г.С., ГВОЗДЕЦЬКИЙ В.А.

State of the problem. Negative role in the development of industrial noise professional hearing loss no doubt, but the mechanism of its action on the human body is very complex and not fully understood, while the vascular factor in the development of sensorineural hearing loss, many authors pay much attention. The objective was to conduct a comparative analysis of the results of research on auditory function, qualitative and quantitative indicators of rheoencephalography workers from different occupational groups in the coal industry with the sensorineural hearing loss and health of rovich normal-hearing control subjects with regard to noise load. Materials and methods: Was held rheoencephalography 50 workers. The con-trol group - 15 healthy individuals who had no complaints about the hearing loss. The study of auditory function was performed using a clinical audiometer AC-40, manufactured by "Interacoustics" (Denmark). Studies of cerebral hemodynamics was performed using computer rheograph firm "DX-system." Results. In a qualitative assessment of the patients we rheogram were found in violation of cerebral blood flow in the carotid (FM), and in vertebrobasilar (OM) systems. This was confirmed by the analysis of quantitative indicators REG workers studied groups. In all three patients studied groups when compared with the control game-registered poyu significant (P<0,05) increases in DUI, DKI and Ri, respectively characterizing the state of venous outflow, cerebral vascular tone and blood supply of the degree of intensity as in the carotid and especially in vertebrobasilar systems. Conclusion. The findings of investigation of cerebral hemodynamics show significant changes in blood vessels of the brain, especially in vertebrobasilar system. The data can also serve as diagnostic criteria for state workers of the coal industry, which can be used in the treatment of these patients, as well as physical fitness and career counseling people "noise" professions.

59-62

Authors: ТКАЧИШИНА Н.Ю., ДУМКА І.В., ТКАЧИШИН В.С.

Objective. We estimated a level of the functional state of cardiovascular system (CVS) and physical work capacity by the results of bicycle exercise (BE) in the subway electric locomotive operators (ELOs). Materials and Methods. Males, including 30 ELOs (main group) and 20 engineers (control group), were examined. According to age and work experience, the examined persons of the main group were divided into 3 subgroups: 7 persons – till 30 years old with a work experience till 5 years (23,3% – the 1-st subgroup); 17 persons – 30-40 years old with the work experience of 5-10 years (56,7% – the 2-nd subgroup); 6 persons – over 40 years old with work experience over 10 years (20,0% – the 3-rd subgroup). According to age and work experience, the examined persons of the control group were also divided into 3 subgroups: 5 persons– till 30 years old with the work experience till 5 years (25,0% – the 1-st subgroup); 10 persons – 30-40 years old with a work experience of 5-10 years (50,0% – the 2-nd subgroup); 5 person – of the examined ones, the 3-rd subgroup). Submaximal load was performed. While carrying out the BE, we fixed the values of heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), values at any degree of exercise, their initial level and results of the measurements at any exercise rate. We registered a time needed for the restoration of these parameters after exercises and also assessed a tolerance to physical exercises (TPE) and physical work capacity (PWC 170). A level of energy resources in myocardium was determined with the calculation of the Robinson's index. Results and Discussion. Results of the research demonstrate that all examined ELOs (100%) had no organic diseases of the CVS according to the BE data. Taking into account the BE results of the ELOs (heart rate and BP, at rest, and at any degree of exercises and after the exercises) it is possible to tell about sympathicotonia in the ELOs. Exercise tolerance and level of physical work capacity were estimated under the PWC 170 test. The ELOs, who were younger than 30 years with a work experience till 5 years, had the highest indices in comparison with those who were 30-40 years old with the work experience of 5-10 years and who were over 40 years old with the work the experience over 10 years. It may be connected with a long-term impact of stress factor on their organism and harmful occupational conditions. The Robinson's index in the ELOs who are younger than 30 years with a work experience till 5 years testifies about their high level of somatic health. In those ELOs who are 30-40 years old with a work experience of 5-10 years it testifies about an average level of somatic health and in those who are over 40 years old with the work experience over 10 years it testifies about a level of somatic health which is lower than an average one. Conclusions. There is a vegetative imbalance with sympathicotonia predomination in the ELOs, it can be a risk for the CVS diseases in the ELOs.

67-70

Authors: РІДКОВЕЦЬ С.Г.

Objective. We explored the possibilities of the monitoring of physical health the level as a mean of the evaluation of the effectiveness of health- improvement walking and race in practically healthy girls aged 19-20 years. Materials and Methods. 70 students of medical schools at the age of 19-20 with a "low" and "below average" levels of physical health, determined preliminary by the method of rapid assessment of physical health level according to Apanasenko, were examined in Kyiv. 2 groups were formed: primary (25 girls) and control (45 girls). In the primary group the lessons on physical training was conducted with the introduction of health-improvement walking. In the control group lessons on physical training was conducted by the standard program. Classes were conducted in accordance with the schedule of the academic group twice a week for 90 minutes. At the beginning and at the end of the academic year they were tested in order to identify the differences in physical development, physical fitness, somatic health, as well as in the indicators of health, activity, and mood. Results and discussion. Systematic use of health-improvement walking may improve the reduced body reserves, creating a positive influence on the state of individual reserves of the organism of practically healthy girls. Up to end of the experimental classes, the vital index (p≤0.05 by the Student criterion) was increased authentically in the girls of the primary group indicating the positive changes of the external respiration function, increase of the specific vital lung capacity, and aerobic possibilities of the organism.

73-77

Authors: ЯВОРОВСЬКИЙ О.П., ЦЕХМІСТЕР Я.В., САХАРЧУК І.М., ЄЗІКЯН Г.М.

The formation history of the Kyiv Medical Institute was investigated on the basis of the analysis of the archives-and-documentary, scientific-and-publicistic materials. The process of its formation was lasting for more than four years and passed over six periods in its development, which were changed depending on those or other political forces came to power. We have drawn a conclusion that the Kyiv Medical Institute, founded in 1920 as a higher national medical institution, became an assignee not only of the St. Volodymyr Imperial University Medical Faculty, as it had been considered before, but also of the Medical Faculty of the Ukrainian National University.