Environment&Health (Dovkillia ta zdorovia)

4-8

Authors: КАРЛОВА О.О., ЯВОРОВСЬКИЙ О.П.

Objective. We determined a character of the content of nitrogen oxide and its metabolites in blood depending on the lead concentration in the blood of electricians. Materials and methods. Monitoring result analysis by the index of lead concentration in the of 146 electricians of the PJSC Kabelnye Seti for repair and installation of cable net demonstrated that xenobiotic concentration in blood were determined in the limits of 1.34 -2.31 µmol/l, in 51 persons it exceeded an upper limit of the allowable values (1.93 µmol/l).Those levels are dangerous for the workers’ health. The symptoms of neurasthenic and astheno-vegetative syndromes prevailed in the clinical finding of the workers, just those persons made up the 1-st group. In 95 of them (65%) a content of lead in blood was at the allowable level (0.96-1.93 µmol/l). According to the data by I.N. Trakhteberg et al. (1999), it pointed to the presence of the metal in the organism. Taking into account the features of clinical manifestations of the astheno-vegetative and neurasthenic syndromes, the workers with the allowable content of lead were divided into two groups: the 2-nd group constituted 46 persons with the clinical symptoms of the severe astheno-vegetative syndrome; the 3-rd group made up 49 workers with the separate symptoms of astheno-vegetative syndroms in their clinical finding. Lead concentration in the blood of the 1-st group made up 2.12 ± 0.012 µmol/l, the 2-nd group – 1.92 ± 0.013 µmol/l, the 3-rd group – 1.72 ± 0.028 µmol/l. In each group of the examined persons the level of lead in blood differed authentically between each other (p<0.05). The control group consisted of 57 workers who didn’t have contact with lead according to their occupational anamnesis. Results. We presented the results of the examination of the workers exposed to lead. The revealed excess of the content of nitrates-nitrites in the blood serum of all examined workers was accompanied with the accumulation of the content of S-nitrozotioles (RS--NO +) and dinitrosyl iron complexes (RS-)2Fe + (NO+)2). Determination of the content of nitrites-nitrates (NO2-/NO3-) and their stable metabolites (S-nitrozotiol (RS--NO +) and dinitrozyl iron complexes (RS-)2Fe + (NO+)2) in serum was recommended as the markers of early diagnosis of endothelium dysfunction at lead intoxication.

13-16

Authors: РОГАЧ І.М., ЄРЕМ Т.В., ЄРЕМ Х.В.

Objective. We studied a content of fluor trace element in soil-foodstuffs-human chain for the revealing of the localities and the contingents of people with a deficit or a toxic concentration of this element. Materials and methods. We studied the soil samples taken from the lands of Transcarpathian region of all 13 administrative regions. Samples of vegetable mixture for study were taken in the local farms. We performed the analysis of water supply sources on the content of fluor of all regions of the region. Results. Ultra low fluor concentration was determined in the environmental objects (soil, drinking water) and in food intakes of the residents of the Transcarpathian region. Recommended and minimum allowable values (according to the physiological standards) of the consumption of fluor with a daily sets of the foodstuffs were calculated, taking into account a variability of factual nutrition, and for the representative prognostication of the population’s provision of fluor. Conclusions. Environmental objects of the Transcarpathian oblast show the ultralow content of the fluor trace element, it causes a hypofluorosis of the biosphere on the studied territory. We noted a fluor deficit in the organisms of the local residents because a content of fluor in the organism depended on the level of the intake and closely connected with the dissemination of the element in the biosphere of the region. We determined that index of the caries prevalence in the local residents made up 80-90%; CFE index (caries+ filling +extraction) made up 4.5-5.0 at average index in Ukraine of 2.75.

22-25

Authors: ШЕНЦОВА М.О., СУРМАШЕВА О.В., НІКОНОВА Н.О., САХНЮК О.М., НАСТОЯЩА Н.І.

Actuality of the work lies in the significance of the standardization of probiotic preparations. The standard samples of probiotic microorganisms are used for their standardization. Determination of standard samples’ safety is a compulsory condition. Materials and methods. We used generally accepted methods of the assessment of the microorganisms’ safety. Assessment of the safety of probiotic strains was conducted in acute and chronic experiments of the toxicity by the presence of lethal effect and change of the indices characterizing the functional state of the organism and separate organs of the experimental animals – mouse and rats. Results. During the testing of the strains B. bifidum and E. faecium at their single introduction into the organism of the animals (intraperitoneal, intragastric and intravenous) we failed to determine a main parameter of toxicity - an indicator of median lethal dose LD50. At the multiple introduction of the suspensions of probiotic strains B. bifidum and E. faecium into the organism the structural and functional changes in tissues and organs of experimental animals were not fixed, it indicates the strains’ safety. Thus, a safety of the microbial populations in the created standard samples B. bifidum and E. faecium was demonstrated in the models of acute and chronic experiments.

30-35

Authors: Махнюк В. М., Павленко Н. П., Фещенко К. Д., Могильний С.М.

Objective. We substantiated a significance of the hygienic indices of insolation and natural lighting at the design stage of residential complexes with the integrated educational institutions and other commercial facilities (social and domestic, administrative, public utilities, and others.) under conditions of the compact residential building. Methods. We used sanitary-and-hygienic, analytical methods, methods of sanitary-epidemiological examination, substantiation of proposals, and hygienic recommendations. Subject of inquiry. The results of the scientific sanitary-epidemiological examination of residential and recreational complex with the integrated and attached children’s preschool institution and commercial facilities (Kyiv) were the subject of inquiry in a given work. Results. In the presented project a placement of integrated and attached preschool institution and a number of the commercial facilities (social and domestic, administrative, public utilities, and others.) in the united planning space was provided by the architectural solutions. National legislation does not provide a placement of the above-mentioned objects in the united planning space of the residential complex. There is no experience of the functioning of the analogues existing objects both in Ukraine and abroad as well. The non-standard architectural planning solutions were applied for the supply of the standard levels of insolation and natural lighting of the classrooms and bedrooms oriented to the north-east, north and south facades. The height of these premises in the united building space is allowed from 3 m up to 7.6 m. As a result, the roof of the first floor has a "zig-zag" form on the south facade. The introduction of such innovations allowed a design of the additional upper side window on the wall of the south facade (7.6 m height) and a providing of the standard insolation and natural lighting in all classrooms irrespective of the facades’ orientation. Placement of the multifunctional objects on the 1st-2nd floors in the united building space and in the united outbuilding territory of the residential complex completely eliminates the possibility of providing the different functional areas of the adjacent territory. Such a placement does not provide a sanitary and epidemiological welfare for all groups of the population. The hygienic indices of insolation and natural lighting were substantiated to be the determinative indices of optimal planning organization of the territory of residential complexes under conditions of compact residential building.

40-43

Authors: ШЕВЦОВА Т.В., ШИДЛОВСЬКИЙ А.Ю., КОЗАК-ВОЛОШАНЕНКО Ю.М., ГВОЗДЕЦЬКИЙ В.А.

In the work hearing characteristics of noise in intensity and ego frequances characteristics of patients in comparative plan with beginning sensoneural hearing vascular and noise (Rabochie Coal Industry) origin. State of the problem: to make comparative analysis of patients with sensonevral hearing and vascular genesis noise on development, ushnoy noise intensity. Materials and methods. That was the 90 Study conducted of patients with primary vascular genesis and 49 - noise, availability subjective hearing noise. Audiometric examination was performed on clinical audiometer AC-40 company «Interacoustics» (Denmark) in soundproof chamber, where the background noise does not exceed 30 dB. Specified audiometer allows to investigate auditory sensitivity to tones from 0.125 to 8 kHz frequencies and 10; 11.2; 12.5; 14 i 16 kHz in air. Results. Among Coal Industry of employees noise observed in workers (58.8%), less - in another workers (53.8%) and else less (42.1%) of workers. Conclusion. Among Coal Industry of employees noise observed in of workers storm, something obviously, can load and vibration. Data mogut for Understanding pathogenesis of sensonevral hearing origin. With availability in noise workers and Coal Industry of abuse of patients with sensonevralnoy tuhouhostyu the study auditory function not only in (0,125-8 kHz), but in an enlarged and (9-16 kHz) frequency bands, something causes appearance sensonevral hearing.

51-56

Authors: ПЛАСТУНОВ Б.А., КОВАЛІВ М.О.

Aim: to assess according to accepted methods the physical and intellectual development of HMEI entrants. Results. It was established the morphofunctional development of HMEI entrants depending on sex, age, place of residence and nutritional status, including iodine and vitamin C supply and trans-alimentary lead intake. Approaches to optimize their nutritional status were identified.

61-63

Authors: СВЄТЛОВА О.Д.

We analyzed a morbid affection of the urban schoolchildren in the central region of Ukraine for the last 28 years. A significant increase of the level of the morbid affection among the middle school age children was revealed. For the studied period of time it grew more than twice as large from (425.98 ± 3.45)‰ in 1986 to (995.82 ± 0.63)‰ in 2013. According to our prognostication the morbid affection level among schoolchildren will increase in future and it will make up (1065.52 ± 61.59)-(1087.53 ± 64.86)‰ in 2014-2015. It is stipulated by the next increase of the proportion of diseases and functional disorders of musculoskeletal system, diseases of eyes and adnexa, digestive system, circulatory and nervous systems. For a decrease of these tendencies the additional health-improvement and rehabilitation measures should be performed.

68-72

Authors: СТАДНИК Л.Л., НОСИК О.В., ШАЛЬОПА О.Ю.

Objective. We studied the collective effective dose of the Ukrainian population and its distribution in different types of X-ray diagnostic examinations, assessed the irradiation doses of "standard" patients at the most wide spread X-ray examnations, and established the recommended diagnostic levels. Materials and methods. We used sociological (questionnaires), dosimetric (thermoluminescent, ionization), statistical methods. The evaluation of the frequency of X-ray examinations was carried out by the results of the survey of X-ray diagnostic radiological services of Ukraine. The collective effective dose of the population of medical X-ray exposure was defined. About 4,000 measurements of the entrance surface doses of the patients for 9 of the most mass types of radiographic examinations and chest fluorography by the method of thermoluminescence dosimetry were performed. The distribution of doses for each of the selected types of examination was studied, the values of the third quartiles of dose distributions were determined. A comparison of direct and indirect methods of the evaluation of the entrance surface doses of the patients was performed. Results and discussion. By the results of the performed survey of the state of X-ray diagnosis services we studied a structure of X-ray diagnostic examinations carried out in 2013 in Ukraine and assessed a collective dose of the of the population of the country which made up 32578.2 man-Sv. We established that film chest fluorography (37.2%) and radiography (31.4%) made the greatest contribution into the collective effective dose of medical exposure. The distribution of doses was studied by the results of the measurements of the entrance surface doses of the patients at chest radiography, cervical, thoracic, lumbar spine (in two projections), pelvis and chest fluorography, average doses’ meanings and the third quartiles were determined, they can be accepted as national diagnostic reference the selected types of investigations according to the diagnostic recommended levels (DRLs). Obtained meanings of diagnostic recommended levels were established to increase a reference diagnostic levels 1.3-2.0-fold by the selected types of the examinations according to the IAEA standards (BSS-115). Optimization of medical diagnostic exposure in Ukraine may be possible through the implementation of national DRLs for X-ray diagnostic examinations, performance of dose control of the “standard” patients and their comparison with the DRLs, revealing and removal of the reasons of the excess of doses by the quality control of the parameters of X-ray units, technology of the performance of X-ray diagnostic procedures.

77-79

Authors: ЯВОРОВСЬКИЙ О.П., ЦЕХМІСТЕР Я.В., САХАРЧУК І.М., ЄЗІКЯН Г.М.

The foundation history of the Kiev medical institute is investigated based on the archive and documentary, scientific and publicist materials analysis. It`s demonstrated that his foundation process lasted more than four years and passed in his development process six periods, which had been changed depending on those or other political forces governments. It is concluded that the Kiev medical institute is founded in 1920 as a higher national medical foundation became assignee not only St. Vladimir imperator`s university of the medical faculty as previously have thought, but also the medical faculty of the Ukrainian national university.