Environment&Health (Dovkillia ta zdorovia)

4-9

Authors: МАКОВЕЦЬКА Л.І., ГАНЖА О.Б., ГЛАВІН О.А., ДРУЖИНА М.О., ПАШКЕВИЧ Я.І., МИХАЙЛЕНКО В.М.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of prolonged inhalation exposure of exogenous NO on violation of free radicals and metabolic processes in an organism, which can lead to cancer. Materials and methods. The study has been carried out on male C57Bl/6 mice, 6 weeks old, weighing 20-25 g. The experimental animals were exposed to NO in inhalation chamber during 10 days for 14 hours per day with NO concentration of 50 mg/m3 of air. Free radical homeostasis assessed by the level of superoxide anion radical generation, the content of reduced glutathione, the chemiluminescence light sum, enzymatic activity of xanthine oxidoreductase and catalase. Results. It was shown that long-term inhalation of exogenous nitrogen oxides was accompanied by an increased rate of superoxide anion-radical generation in hepatocytes, decreased level of reduced glutathione, stimulation of xanthine oxidoreductase activity in the liver and decreased catalase activity in the blood of C57Bl/6 mice. Overall upward trend of chemiluminescence was registered that indicates the predominance of prooxidant processes in prooxidant-antioxidant balance in the blood. Thus, prolonged exposure of exogenous nitrogen oxides stimulated the oxidative stress development in mice, which was characterized by the intensification of the superoxide anion-radical generation, inhibition of catalase activity of antioxidant system and the shift of pro- antioxidant balance toward prooxidant processes that can lead to DNA damage and the development of genetic instability in cells.

14-19

Authors: ФЕДОРЕНКО В.І., КІЦУЛА Л.М.

Objective. We performed a comparative evaluation of anthropometric parameters (body length and weight, chest circumference) in 7-17 years-old schoolchildren in Western and Eastern regions of Ukraine for the establishment of the territorial peculiarities of their physical development as an example of the cities of Lviv and Luhansk. Materials and Methods. The anthropometric indices, obtained concurrently, and developed scales of physical development regression among 7-17 years-old schoolchildren in the cities of Lviv and Luhansk were the materials for the investigation. A reliability of the differences between the average values of body length and weight, and chest circumference of age-and-sex groups of schoolchildren of both cities was determined by the Student t-criterion. The peculiarities of harmonious physical development were considered on the base of the calculated body mass indices for each age-and-sex groups of schoolchildren and comparison of their values with the standards offered by Platonova A.H. (2012). Results. Significant differences between body length and weight, chest circumference were established among 7-17 years-old girls and boys in Lviv and Luhansk . Anthropometric indices by absolute values of the Lviv schoolchildren of all age–and-sex groups were higher than those of the schoolchildren of Luhansk. The Luhansk 16-years-old boys with a body length higher than in the Lviv schoolchildren of the same age and also 8-9-years-old boys and girls from Luhansk, whose weight exceeded the body weight in the Lviv schoolchildren of the same age, were the exception. Irregularity of harmonious physical development, disharmonious of physical development due to overweight in the separate age-and-sex groups of schoolchildren and excessive body weight of the Lviv elder schoolgirls were observed. The differences between physical development indices of schoolchildren from different regions can mainly depend on environmental pollution, inadequate nutrition and other factors which indicate the necessity of further study of causal-consequent relationships between indices of physical development and the affected factors, and also the turnover of the regional standards of physical development for its further evaluation in dynamics.

24-29

Authors: П’ЯТНИЦЯ-ГОРПИНЧЕНКО Н.К.

Purpose of the study was to generate the results of scientific studies, concerning algorithms for assessing the quality of workplace air, definition of priority problems, causing the need of further studying. Materials and methods. An analytical review of the scientific papers has been made, including abstract databases “PubMed” [http:www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed]. Results of studies and discussion. Monitoring of the industrial aerosols levels is the only way to relate occupational exposures to the revealed pathology. Published sources testify that a lot of issues related to the description of the air condition in the workplace environment require further study. Primarily, it concerns harmonization of the existing dust screening techniques through the development and adoption of appropriate national standards so that to obtain representative results of the research. Conclusion. The data set forth in the article allow to improve accomplishment of the sanitary inspection of the air environment of production facilities to ensure safe working conditions and prevent formation of the occupational diseases of the respiratory tracts.

33-36

Authors: ДУМКА І.В., ТКАЧИШИН В.С., ТКАЧИШИНА Н.Ю.

The purpose of research is studying parameters of heart rhythm variability (VRH) at electric train’s machineries of underground (ETM). Materials and methods. Two groups of persons are surveyed: 30 - ETM (the basic group), 30 - workers of a nonproduction link (control group). All surveyed persons of the basic and control groups are men. Distribution of the main group of persons over the age: 10 person - till 29 years (27,61±0,63), 10 person - 30-39 years (36,22±1,14), 10 person - 40 years and older (51,17±1,88). Distribution of persons of control group on age is identical the basic. VRH it was estimated according to the uniform international standard [11]. Results. The analysis of histograms of distribution R-R of intervals in the evaluation of HRV IEP shown that in the majority surveyed histograms which distribution differs from normal are registered. 22% of the surveyed was asymmetric histogram which can testify to presence of several episodes of change of normal rhythmic which can be caused by emotional factors; at 41% ETM appeared excessive histograms. The last are characterized by very narrow basis and the pointed top and observed at stress [4]. In fact, during a labour shift organism ETM is influenced by psychological and emotional stressors and the nature of such interest excesses can be explained by the fact that the body can`t remain indifferent to the working conditions associated with significant sensory and emotional stress loading. In 37% of histograms distribution of intervals R-R is close to normal. In 100% ETM registered overactive sympathetic-adrenal system, which displays a certain emotional stress experienced by the ETM in the course of employment. Conclusions. Presence of a significant amount of histograms, which distribution differs from normal, testifies to negative reaction from side cardio-vascular system on psycho-emotional stress-factors the nature which accompany with activity at ETM. Keywords: electric train’s machineries of underground, variability of a rhythm

40-43

Authors: Yakymenko I., Mor O., Tsybulin O., Kolesnik Ya., Kyrylenko S., Sidorik E.

Цель работы: Изучение особенностей пользования мобильными телефонами студенческой молодежью и оценка субъективных симптомов у пользователей мобильной связью. Материалы и методы: Методом анонимного анкетирования проведена оценка особенностей использования мобильных телефонов и субъективных симптомов у пользователей мобильными телефонами – студентов Киевского региона Украины (n=600). Результаты. Выявлено, что 37,8% опрошенных ощущают физический дискомфорт, а 40% – боль в голове и/или ухе во время разговоров по мобильному телефону. При этом среди тех, кто пользовался мобильным телефоном не более одного года, головную боль во время разговоров ощущали 16,7% опрошенных, а среди тех, кто пользовался телефоном болем 10 лет – 50%. Выводы. Интенсивное использование мобильных телефонов студенческой молодежью вызывает чувство физического дискомфорта и болей в голове и/или ухе у значительного числа пользователей.

50-53

Authors: СУРМАШЕВА О.В., ШЕНЦОВА М.О., НІКОНОВА Н.О.

Development and use of the standardized reference samples are one of the actual elements of the system providing a quality of medicines. Sensitivity of microorganisms, included in the composition of the agent, to the antimicrobial preparations is an important feature at the choice of probiotic preparations and assessment of their efficiency. Objective. We studied a sensitivity of lactic acid bacteria strains – B. bifidum and E. faecium, selected for the creation of the standard reference samples of probiotic microorganisms, to the basic groups of modern antimicrobial agents. Results. The obtained results testify that the studied strains were sensitive respectively to 42% (B.bifidum) and the 43% (E.faecium) of the preparations actively used in clinical practice. Determination of the probiotic strains’ sensitivity to the antimicrobial preparations can be an additional epidemiologic marker for the selection of the antimicrobial treatment regimens, performance of the epidemiological monitoring of pathogenes.

58-61

Authors: Трахтенгерц Г.Я.

Objective: determining the hazard class of waste mining and processing complex of Ukraine: the tailings of iron ore and mud from alumina production and the study of the influence of location of these industrial wastes on the environment. Materials and methods: In the course of work we studied the tailings of iron ore, red mud from alumina production, their localization, soil, biota soil microorganisms. Were applied physics-chemical, sanitary-chemical, bibliographic and analytical research methods. Results: studies were identified particle size distribution and the chemical composition of the waste and on the content of toxic compounds (heavy metals) defined their hazard class. Revealed the presence of the area contaminated with heavy metals of the soil adjacent to the waste tanks territories. It is established that in many cases, this area is outside the sanitary protection zones of size 300 m It is proved that the flow in the soil tailings of iron ore and red mud from alumina production due to their toxic components reduces the enzymatic activity of the soil and negatively affects biological properties.

67-72

Authors: ОМЕЛЬЧУК С.Т., ШКАРАПУТА Л.М., ПЕЛЬО І.М., ТИЩЕНКО Л.О., СТЕПАНЕНКО В.І., ЦЕХМІСТЕР Я.В., ШЕВЧЕНКО Л.О., БЛАГАЯ А.В.

Mycosises Treatment (fungal infections), despite the great achievements in the study of the etiology and pathogenesis, remains today a challenge, which leads to the search for new effective and safe medicinal substances. Objective: assessment of the potential risk of side adverse effects on the basis of a combined teobon-dithiomycocide and gentamicin preparation for the treatment of fungal infections of the skin. Methods. Studied compositions were containing various concentrations of teobon-dithiomycocide and gentamicin sulfate (Gentamicin). Study of acute oral toxicity was conducted on Wistar rats of both sexes by injection to the food using a metal probe. Skin-resorptive effect was studied on rats of the same strain, guinea pigs and rabbits by applying a drug solution and ointment with 24 hours exposure. Irritant effect on skin and mucous membranes was studied in rabbits by application of 0.5 ml of the preparation to the clipped skin under semiocclusive dressing and instillation of 0.1 ml of the preparation in the conjunctival sac of the eye, followed by assessment of the results. Allergic properties have been studied in guinea pigs. Cumulative properties were studied in rats for 2 months by administration of the preparation to the stomach at 135 mg/kg dose daily, and by simultaneous application on the skin at 300 mg/kg dose. The dynamics of animals’ behavior, food consumption and water intake were evaluated, body weight was recorded, and the state of the cardiovascular system, external respiration, central nervous system, haematological, biochemical, histological and macroscopic (skin) parameters were studied. Results. It was established that combined antimycotic, containing teobon-dithiomycocide and gentamicin sulfate active substances, is low toxicity for white mice and rats when administered into the stomach, and when applied on the skin in mice, rats, rabbits and guinea pigs. At the studied concentrations (with a maximum of 5% teobon-dithiomycocide and 0.1% gentamicin sulfate) preparation does not irritate the skin and does not damage the structure of the skin and subcutaneous tissues, as shown by histological studies. Allergic properties of the drug have not been revealed. Cumulative properties when administered into the stomach and simultaneously applied to the skin were not expressed. Conclusions. In the experiment carried out taking into account the conditions of use in medical practice, it was found that the studied preparation in aqueous solutions and petrolatum-based ointments is non-irritating to the skin and mucous membranes, has no adverse effect on the cardiovascular, respiratory, central nervous systems, the morphological composition of the blood, liver and kidney function and structure.

78-79

Authors: ГУЩУК І.В.

Objective. We determined the ways for the development of the preventive directions in the sphere of public health in the period of sanitary-and-epidemiological service reform. Materials and Methods. Legislative and standard-methodological materials. Results. We analyzed the materials of the changes in the character of the activity of the sanitary-and-epidemiological service of Ukraine for the last years. Assessment of the recommendations for the increase of its efficiency for the near perspective has been given. We propose a creation of the alternative preventive service as a development of public health system and construction of the latter with the preservation of the material and technical basis and personnel potential.