Environment&Health (Dovkillia ta zdorovia)

4-6

Authors: Григоренко Л.

The results of the investigations of the regularities of immunologic effects'' manifestations under isolated and combined exposures of phenol and chloroform at the levels of 1 MAC are presented in the article. Objectives. We studied the compensatory-adaptative reactions of the organism on the combined effect of low levels of phenol and chloroform. Materials and methods. Complex of immunologic methods included a determination of leukocytes and their composition, number of T- and B-lymphocytes; reaction of phagocytosis, inhibition of macrophages'' spreading, degranulation of basophils (after Shelly), precipitation of circulating immune complexes. We used the antigen charging with T-dependent antigen in post-effect period for the determination of the stability of the displacements in separate chains of the immune system. Results. We demonstrate that adaptive reactions develop in the animals under isolated effect of phenol and chloroform at the level of 1 MAC while at the combined effect of the corresponding concentrations of studied substances, the disorder of the compensatory-adaptative processes in the organism takes place which exhibits by the development of organism auto- and sensitization and decrease of the number of the immune-competent cells.

12-16

Authors: Карлова Е.А., Яворовський О.П., Шейман Б.С.

Objective. To study the changes of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin 1,2,6,8, FNP-Ј), depending on content of the lead in the blood. Materials and methods: the 203 patients were examined on the basis of MCU number 18 of MOH of Ukraine in Kiev. All patients were divided into three groups at depending on the level of blood lead. The first group included the patients with the level of blood lead of 2,12 ± 0,013 micromole / l, in second group - 1,92 ± 0,013 micromole / l, in third group - with a minimum level of blood lead is 1,72 ± 0,028 micromole / l. Age of patients was ranged from 35 to 47 years. The average age of patients for the 1-st group (51 people) was 43,5 ± 1,3 years, the 2-nd group (46 people) - 39,9 ± 1,8 years, the 3-rd (49 people) - 40,3 ± 1.4 years. The control groupis included 57 healthy persons, whose average age was 44,7 ± 1,5 years. All examined patients were male. Results of studies: the changes in the system cytokine cooperation were revealed in patients with microsaturnism. For patients in the first group is characterized by a significant decrease of the TNF-Ј, IL-1 and IL-2 and increasing of levels IL-6 and IL 8, for the second group is characterized by reduction of the TNF-Ј, IL 2 and increasing of IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, in the third group of patients revealed the increase TNF-Ј, IL-1, IL-2, IL-8 at unchanged content of IL-6. Conclusions. The complex investigations of proinflammatory cytokines allow to identify the main links of the developing disbalance in cytokine system and point to their dependence on blood lead levels.

23-29

Authors: Акіменко В.Я., Яригін А.В., Стеблій Н.М.

Objective. A hygienic assessment of the predicting chemical pollution of the ambient air of the underground garages and conditions of the exhaust emissions by the system of their ventilation. Materials and methods. We performed the analysis of the application of different methods for the calculation of the dispersion of the products of combustion of the vehicle fuel for the prediction of the ambient air pollution level of the underground garage. We presented a comparative assessment of the criteria for the estimation of air pollution of the garages used in different countries. We carried out a calculation of the concentration of the capacity of the vehicle emissions of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, carbonic-acid gas, benzopyrene, formaldehyde. Concentration of carbonic-acid gas in the underground garages was determined with the help of devices in different seasons of the year. Results. We proposed to take into account an amount of the engines, operating simultaneously in rush hours (not less 35% from the total amount of parking places) and present data on vehicle specific emission in the methodology for the calculation of air pollution in underground garage. We demonstrated that at the application of one and the same design object a concentration of carbon monoxide in the air of underground garage could vary from 0.53 mg/m 3 up to 10.8 mg/m 3, nitrogen oxides - from 0.09 mg/m 3 up to 0.64 mg/m 3, and hydrocarbon- from 0.02 mg/m 3 up to 1.36 mg/m 3. A value of size of non-carcinogenic risk of CO and CH doesn’t exceed one and by NO x exceeds the limitations of the allowable values. Size of the individual carcinogenic risk, determining by formaldehyde, is equal CR=0.74х10 -6, and by benzopyrene - CR=0.12х10 -7. Conclusions. MAC of maximal single of atmospheric air both for CO and for NO x should be used as a hygienic criterion for the assessment of ambient air of underground garage. Taking into account a non-carcinogenic risk for a man’s health a ventilating emission of underground garage may be carried outside with a coefficient of dilution not less 10 in a space near house.

37-40

Authors: Москальчук Л.В.

The paper presents the data security of the adult population of Ukraine folic acid. Purpose. Estimation of the actual average daily folate diets adult population of Ukraine and used fixed levels of the food groups, the definition of saturation of the organism women of reproductive age with folic acid. Methods. Features diets and content of folate was assessed by questionnaire, questionnaire and design methods, the level of folic acid in the blood of women was determined by immunohemilyuministsents. Results. In the surveyed population, male and female of all age groups revealed insufficient intake of vitamin B 9 in winter-spring and summer-autumn seasons. Diets characterized by deficient food of biologically and unnecessary - with high energy value. Found that in non-pregnant women the concentration of folic acid in the blood plasma level is inadequate. Conclusions. The expediency of increasing consumption of foods that are a natural source of folate and folic acid supplementation in women during preconception period.

45-50

Authors: Гетьман В.

At the present stage of evolution the biosphere of the Earth is in a critical condition. Pollution of the environment by human waste is widespread. The aim of the study is to lighten the relations between society and the environment in terms of waste management. The idea that Biosphere "works" on non-waste principle is wrong. The problem is how to make the biogeochemical cycles of chemical elements (in particular, biophylic), their small biological cycles more closed, that is, how to minimize the loss or "waste" of cycle. If you take into account man-made (anthropogenic) cycle of chemicals and elements (this is very actually now) it''s up to small technology waste (close to a waste-free). The constant companion of human civilization is waste. The lion''s shares of these wastes are polyethylene products. Ukrainian Ecological League prepared and submitted to the Council of Ukraine draft of Law "On Limiting Production, Use, Import and Distribution of Plastic Bags in Ukraine." The Law of Ukraine "On Waste" defines meaning of unsafe waste. The most famous methods of waste management include retention, disposal, and utilization. Utilization, use of waste as a secondary material or energy resource, is the most perspective. The State Agency of Investment and National Projects have been prepared a draft of the project "Clean City" on the about construction of 10 complexes for recycling of waste in Ukraine. Waste of the present society accumulating creates conditions unsuitable for human existence. Therefore it can stimulate his/her evolution, favour origin of a new biological (anthropomorphic) species for whom the waste will be a usual element of life, or "new" man will use efficiently (will learn to recycle effectively).

57-61

Authors: Хоменко М., Поліщук С.В.

In the remote period after the Chоrnobyl catastrophe there was registered the deterioration of the population’s health in Ukraine, especially among the population dwelling on the radioactively contaminated territories of Ukraine. The contamination of locally produced foodstuffs by radionuclides, the insufficient quantity of supplied food and poor chemical composition of local food cause worsening of medical and demographic situation and increased morbidity rate among the population of these territories. Aim. To conduct hygienic assessment of the actual nutritional status of the population dwelling on the radioactively contaminated territories of Rivne oblast’ and to study the influence of radioactively contaminated locally produced foodstuffs consumption on the formation of internal irradiation dose. Materials and methods. To assess the nutritional status of the population and its peculiarities in the remote period after the Chоrnobyl catastrophe there were used questioner method of the reproduction of 24-hour nutrition. The determination of the irradiation dose of the population was carried out by the standard calculation method. Results of the research. It is shown that the population of the studied territories consumes mostly locally produced foodstuffs with the exception of a small part of poultry meat and fish, butter and cottage cheese. The results of the research made it possible to establish the actual nutritional peculiarities of the working population of Rokytne district of Rivne oblast’ (on the example of v. Stare Selo). Thus, the food rations contain not enough milk, cottage cheese, poultry meat and beef, vegetables and fruit. Fruit are presented only by wild berries i.e. blueberries, cranberries, blackberries. In determining nutrient composition of the studied food rations it was found that the ratio of protein, fat and carbohydrate was irrational - 1 : 1,6 : 4,1. The amount of fat in the food rations exceeds the recommended values by 58%. The nutrients content in the food rations does not meet the physiological requirements. There was observed the deficit of minerals such as calcium, magnesium and iodine. Iron was represented by products of vegetable origin (83.1%). The greatest contribution to the formation of internal irradiation dose makes milk from private households (0.17 mSv per year, 35% of the total dose) and mushrooms (0.14 mSv per year, 28% of the total dose). According to the data of 2011 the average annual internal irradiation dose of the population of v. Stare Selo is 0.5 mSv. Taking into account possible level of external irradiation it does not exceed the criterion determined by the national law for life safety in the radioactively contaminated territories. The continued measures for the provision of individual farms by radioactive safety of agricultural products are recommended.

70-74

Authors: Івахно О.П., Козярін П., Нємцева Ю.В.

We determined a role of children''s and adolescents'' hygiene doctor in the reforming of sanitary and epidemiological service of Ukraine. Materials and methods. We performed the analysis of the reforming of Sanitary and Epidemiological Service in Ukraine from the standpoint of preserving and strengthening of the health of the child population and identified the tasks for urgent solution in the near future, including ncorporation of the speciality "Hygiene of children and adolescents" in the list of medical specialities.