Environment&Health (Dovkillia ta zdorovia)

14-19

Authors: Винарська О., Спаська Ю.С., Григоренко Л.Е., Молдавська Н.Б., Вархоляк М.О.

In this article we present the data on the comparative analysis of the chronic experiments of sodium nitrite, sodium nitrate, phenol, chloroform and tetracycline combined effect on the immune system of the animals. The objective of the work was to determine the peculiarities of immunological effects under combined, chronic effects of sodium nitrite with xenobiotics depending on dose, exposure time and chemical structure. Materials and methods. The following tests were used in the work: a number of leukocytes and their qualitative composition; a number of natural killers, T- and B-lymphocytes; reactions: phagocytosis, degranulation of basophiles (after Shelly), inhibition of macrophage spreading, precipitation of circulating immune complexes. Results. Peculiarities of immunological effects have been determined depending on dose, exposure time and chemical structure of xenobiotics. Under chronic combined effect of nitrite, sodium nitrate and phenol in all periods of exposure a hypersensitivity of immediate type has been observed. Changes in the T-and B-chains of immune system and unspecific factors depended on dose and exposure, had a transitory character and disappeared at the end of the experiment. Combined effect of nitrite, sodium nitrate and chloroform leads to a dose-temporal modulation of the immune response. By the end of the experiment on the background of hypersensitivity of immediate type (HIT), immunosuppression of T-and B-chains of the immunity and development of III type of the reactions (immunocomplex) was observed. Combined effect of sodium nitrite and tetracycline (precursors of endogenically formed nitrosoamines) leads to a stable immunosuppression by T-and B-cell type, reduction of the number of natural killers, development of the hypersensitivity of immediate and delayed types (I and IV types of reactions). Under increase of sodium nitrite dose in combination and exposure time, III type joins to the enumerated immunological effects (immunocomplex).

23-27

Authors: Зінченко Н.А., Литвиченко О.М., Черниченко О., Швагер О.В.

Objective: to determine and to compare a carcinogenic risk due to chemical carcinogens entering into the organism with atmospheric air and air of habitable and public premises. Materials and methods: Sampling was performed simultaneously in the street (ambient air), in the habitable and public premises. For the determination of carcinogenic substances we used the following methods: low temperature spectral-luminescentic and gas chromatographic ones. On the basis of the obtained findings we have performed a calculation of the total aerogenic doses of 8 carcinogenic substances on the man’s organism, individual and total carcinogenic risks have been calculated. Results: There is a comparative assessment of atmospheric air pollution and indoor air of the public and habitable premises with the prior carcinogenic substances (benz/a/pyrene, nitrosodiethylamine, nitrosodimethylamine, formaldehyde, benzene, cadmium, nickel, and chromium). On the basis of the calculation data of individual and total risks from the identified carcinogenic substances we have performed a comparative assessment of the danger of indoor air pollution depending on territorial location of the buildings in the administrative areas of the city of Kiev. We have identified the qualitative parameters of the contribution of air micromediums of the indoor air of habitable and public buildings in the formation of total carcinogenic risk. We show that a leading role belongs to the indoor air of habitable premises.

36-40

Authors: Хоменко М.

The contribution of the internal irradiation dose to the total dose varied from 69 to 94% in different periods, and in 2001-2005 it reached 88-92% in the most affected the Volynska oblast contaminated due to the Chernobyl catastrophe. The latter was conditioned by the substantial decrease in the number of agromeliorative countermeasures and provision with non-radiocontaminated foodstuffs after 2000. Last decade the volume of the measures aimed at producing of non-radiocontaminated foodstuffs was significantly lower than that required. In Ukraine milk production has not met the requirements of PDR-2006 for the content of 137Cs yet. The objective of the study was to assess the levels of internal irradiation and health status of the population dwelling in the three radiocontaminated Volynska oblasts. Materials and methods. The internal irradiation doses were evaluated by means of human counter (CH) according to the results of 137Cs content in the human body. The settlements were analyzed according to the measurements performed in 1998-2011. The health status was assessed as applied to the morbidity (total and by the diseases of endocrine system and their separate nosologic types) of the adult (18 years and older) population residing in the mentioned regions. Results. The most number of the individuals who had the increased internal irradiation dose was shown to be observed in 1998-1999. Their number has been decreased since 2001. The stoppage of the countermeasures in the following years, and, above all, of the provision with non-radiocontaminated foodstuffs, led to the subsequent increase in the number of people with the increased internal irradiation dose. It was the largest in the Volynska oblast, the Manevitskii region and the most contaminated villages in 2008. Under conditions of permanent residing at radiocontaminated territory use of the local radiocontaminated foodstuffs all the years after Chernobyl catastrophe the rate of endocrine diseases and diffuse goiter I increased. Thus, the example of the Volynska oblast proves that the subsequences of the disaster have not been overcome yet and it requires further radiation protection measures in order to prevent internal irradiation.

45-49

Authors: Лепешкин И.В., Медведев В.И., Багацкая Е.Н., Гринько А.П., Кузнецова Е.М.

The objective of the work is an assessment of the investigations’ results on the study of the content of the residual quantity of glyphosate in the crops after glyphosate desiccation and a possibility of its intake with food into a human organism. Methods. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used. Results. Glyphosate residues can be detected in plants and harvest crops under conditions of its use as a desiccant. A content of a residual quantity of glyphosate in bread grasses, legumes pulses cultures was studied. A theoretically possible intake of glyphosate in an adult and children with bread products, cereals, pulses and vegetable oils has beencalculated. We assessed a value of the allowable daily intake (ADІ) of the substance in the human organism. On the basis of the obtained data we determined that extending of the sphere of application of glyphosate, containing preparations for dessication of the new range of crops, requiried a careful rationalization.

57-61

Authors: Яворовський О.П., Ткачишин В.С., Шевцова В.М., Зінченко Т.О., Солоха Н.В., Рагуля А.В., Ткачишина Н.Ю., Ярменчук А., Гарбуза Г.

Problem. There are no data on possible negative influence of nanoparticles of metals on health status of workers in literature. Object. The object is to study health status of the workers engaged in barium titanates nanoparticles manufacture in trial conditions and to develop preventive recommendations. Materials and methods. Health status of the workers was evaluated using the results of periodic medical examinations, profound clinical and instrumental methods of examination (physical examination, electrocardiography, electroencephalography and echocardiography). Results. According to the results of periodic medical examinations health status of the workers engaged in manufacture of nanocrystalline powder of barium titanates nanoparticles is characterized with a higher prevalence of illnesses of respiratory, cardiocirculatory, urogenital systems; in dynamics it is characterized with illnesses of digestive, respiratory, cardiocirculatory systems. Clinical and instrumental methods of examination revealed signs that indicate changes in respiratory tract (signs of chronic obstructive diseases of lungs, hypertrophy of right ventricular of heart) and in locomotor system (arthrosis). There is an asthenic syndrome with the phenomena of cerebral angiospasms and functional disorders of brain activity. Conclusions. It is necessary to carry out a dynamic supervision over health status of the workers to indicate the role of aerosols of barium titanates nanoparticles in the development of the revealed changes in their organisms. The measures to improve medical examinations of the workers and individual preventive measures have been proposed.

68-74

Authors: Зіменковський Б.С., Гжегоцький М.Р., Федоренко В., Пластунов Б.А.

Aims. Analysis of the Lviv hygienic school formation. Method. Historical analysis. Results. It is presents basic stages of development of the Lviv hygienic school for the period of 115 years. It is reveale, that during its existence Lviv hygienic school formed an outstanding scientists group in different areas of hygiene. Scientific contributions of scientists and teachers, their achievements in the field of preventive medicine are estimated.