Environment&Health (Dovkillia ta zdorovia)

4-8

Authors: [Доступ к полному тексту открыт] ДЕЗИНФЕКТОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ Шандала М.Г.

Objective. To determine a role of disinfectology in the solution of the task on biological safety. Methods. Systemic analysis of modern achievements of disinfectology in the struggle with the infectious diseases. Results. We demonstrate an advantage of disinfective prophylaxis in the struggle both with well-known infectious diseases for which there are no specific vaccines and in extreme conditions (bioterrorism) when there is no time for generation of immunity. All kinds of disinfectologic technologies with the emphasis on the characteristics of the agents were analyzed. Their choice is determined by the aim, way of working. Requirements to the disinfectants are demonstrated, a wide range of the differences of the microbial resistance to the disinfectants is shown. This is a foundation for the differentiation of the ways and agents of disinfection. It is illustrated by the examples from practice. Conclusions. Experience of the application of the disinfectants in Russia is of great importance not only from the point of view of inner safety but also international one.

13-16

Authors: Гнатюк М.С., Гаргула Т., Кондратюк В.А., Лотоцька О.В.

Aims. To explore features of remodeling structures wall of the duodenum in ulcer and under effect of aluminum chloride. Methods. Histological, morphometric, mathematical, statistical. Results. In the experiment on pubescent male pigs Vietnam breeds found that ulcer results in significant violations of structural homeostasis of studied organ. This was confirmed by a significant violation of relation between spatial characteristics of its membrane, between stroma and myocytes in the muscle membrane, height of villi and depth crypt, the nucleus and the cytoplasm in the apical epithelial cells. Established that introduction into the body aluminum chloride significantly affects the course of duodenal ulcer. This was evidenced by the growth of the relative volumes of damaged epithelial cells, stroma-myocytes relations in the muscle membrane, more expressed vascular alterative, infiltrative and sclerotic processes.

20-25

Authors: Семененко В.М., Коршун М.М.

The aim of the study was ecological and hygienic assessment of plant growth regulator Regalis and scientific substantiation of hygienic norms of its active substance prohexadione-calcium in apples, apple juice and soil. Materials and methods. Field investigations were conducted in the agro-climatic conditions of Forest-steppe zone. Apple-tree orchard was treated with Regalis using twice a maximum application rate of 2,5 kg/ha. Soil and apple leaves sampling was carried out on 1-50 days, apple fruit sampling – from the 7 to the 50 days after the second treatment and at harvest. Determination of prohexadione-calcium residues in the samples was performed by high-effective liquid chromatography. Substantiation of the maximum permissible level (MRL) of the substance in apples and tentative allowable concentration (TAC) in soil was performed in accordance with «Guidelines for Hygienic Assessment of New Pesticides». Decomposition rate constant, half-life and decay time of 95% were calculated for the assessment of stability of prohexadione-calcium in soil and plants. Eco-toxicological risk was defined by the N. Melnikov’s method, hazard to public health due to the contamination of groundwater estimated by the S. Sergeiev’s and co-authors’ method. Results. Prohexadione-calcium is low persistent in soil and moderately persistent in vegetative plants in the Ukrainian Forest-steppe. MRL of the substance in apples was substantiated on 0,05 mg/kg level, in apple juice – «not required»; the waiting period before harvest – 30 days after the last treatment, tentative allowable concentration in soil – 0,2 mg/kg. The integrated vector of public health hazard of groundwater contamination with prohexadione-calcium complies with the average level (65,6 points). Eco-toxicological risk of prohexadione-calcium based preparations usage in Forest-steppe soil-climatic conditions is on 1–2 orders of magnitude lower in comparison with class of insecticides – synthetic pyrethroids and organophosphorus compounds, and is comparable with ecotoxes of modern insecticides (thiamethoxam, novaluron) and fungicides (trifloxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl.)

29-33

Authors: Медведовська Н.В.

Research objective was studying of regional features of a state of health of the population of the western region of Ukraine which were determined by certain indicators, their change in dynamics and existence of possible correlation communication with indicators of resource providing regional institutions of health care was studied. Materials and methods. Scientific base of research became 27 main administrative territories of Ukraine. By object of research it is determined regional features of a state of health of adult population of Ukraine, indicators of a condition of a network and staffing of the relevant regional institutions of health care and operating system of their monitoring. To carrying out research it was applied a complex of the special methods system approach became which basis, namely: system analysis, bibliosemantical, statistical and analytical-synthetic methods. Results. It is shown that for the population of the western region of Ukraine characteristic there was a gradual reduction of total number of the population, prevalence of diseases, especially among age group of adult population grows. The best tendencies of indicators of a state of health are revealed in the Zakarpatye area in which since 2008 positive dynamics of increase in population is traced that in combination with growth of an indicator of birth rate and with stabilization of the general mortality can testify to preservation of a positive demographic gain and in the future. For the Ivano-Frankivsk, Ternopil, Rivne and Lviv areas characteristic there were all-Ukrainian tendencies of reduction of number of the population with a growth of birth rate and stabilization of indicators of the general and infantile mortality. The beginning of positive tendencies of increase in number of the population of Chernivtsy area is accompanied by growth of incidence and prevalence of diseases among the adult population which indicators have reliable direct correlation link among themselves which indicators have reliable direct correlation link among themselves. At the same time the number of the establishments rendering medical care at primary level, indicators of work of day hospitals grows that at reduction of number of hospitals speaks about priority of development of primary level of rendering medical care and corresponds to modern strategy of development of health care, promotes approach of rendering medical care to the patient. Conclusions. Carrying out such monitoring with complex studying of the main indicators of a state of health of the population of the western region of Ukraine can become information justification for identification of the main problems and timely adoption of administrative decisions, corresponding measures at the state and regional levels which will be able to play a defining role in formation, preservation and strengthening of health of the population of Ukraine.

43-47

Authors: Брич О., Поліщук О., Синетар Е.О., Колесников М.М., Каплуненко В.Г.

The objective was to study the impact of nanoaquahelates of metals Cu, Zn, Mg, Mn, Fe, Se, Ge in the stabilizing media on viability, growth, and biological properties of reference strains Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 during long-term storage. The study was performed with the help of bacteriological, biochemical and statistical methods. We determined that a storage of museum microorganism strains in the nanomodified media with selenium was more effective in comparison with a storage in traditional medium as it enhanced a metabolism and reparative processes of Gram-negative bacteria and provided a significantly greater biomass of viable strains without loss and changes in their biological properties. A glycerol supplemented medium with germanium nanoaquahelate can be used for a long-term storage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa reference strain.

52-56

Authors: Бердник О.В., Добрянська О.В., Скочко Т.П., Юрчук О.М.

To study ecological consciousness of the children of different gender taking into account a type of gender identity. Materials and methods. Sociological (questionnaire of schoolchildren), psychological (the S. Bem’s questionnaire), mathematical. Results. It was revealed that a type of ecological consciousness of the adolescents didn’t depend upon gender but it was considerably connected with a type of gender identity. Dissemination of androgynous adolescents (a person who had high identification with feminine and masculine characteristics would be categorized as “Androgynous”) into different groups of eco consciousness coincides completely with the same dissemination by gender, and the groups of feminine and masculine adolescents have principally different characteristics. There are two contrary types: either nature primate or primate of society needs among masculine adolescents. There was no a single individual of anthropogenic type of eco consciousness among feminine adolescents. Besides, epidemiological chain of the “cause-effect” dependencies “type of gender identity of personality - type of ecological consciousness - level of health” has been determined. It is shown that the features of child’s personality (the type of gender identity, in particular) should be taken into account at the forming of ecological mentality which determines a conscious attitude of the adolescents to the environment.

62-66

Authors: Гозак С.В., Парац А.М., Станкевич Т.В., Єлізарова О.Т., Киселевська В.П.

Study objective: study of the peculiarities of locomotor system of senior pre-school age children pupils of pre-school educational institutions of the city of Kiev with different conditions and organization of education and physical training. Methods: hygienic examination, hygienic observation, clinical, statistical. Results: The peculiarities of the state of locomotor system of senior pre-school age were studied in the pre-school educational institutions of the city of Kiev with different conditions and organization of education and physical training. The research results demonstrate that at the age from 5 till 7 years a proportion of the children with disorders of the posture increase authentically 1.6 fold, with platypodia – 2.1 fold. Authentical impact of the conditions of the education at the pre-school educational institutions on the formation of foot vault, impact of the conditions of physical training on the formation of posture and foot vault of the schoolchildren have been determined. Negative dynamics of the health state of pre-school children substantiates a necessity of the development and implementation of health preserving technologies in the activity of pre-school educational institutions.

69-74

Authors: Подрігало Л.В.

Objective. The aim of research work is a selection of techniques which can allow to reveal the donosologic states, to rationalize the methodological aspects and requirements proposed to them, concerning such a criterion as a level of functioning of organs’ and body’s systems. Results. Based on the analysis of our own research of the assessment of this criterion we propose to use elaborated assessment system which primary element is a screening - questionnaire of the subjective level of the complaints of schoolchildren and character of the hygiene habits’ formation. Study of ultra-low glow of biological fluids (urine, saliva) allows estimating of a free radical oxidation activity and antioxidant protection, and by the changes in the balance of this system one can judge about functioning of regulation and homeostasis maintenance. Dynamics of the indices allows defining of the formation of donosology as a result of strain, exhaustion and failure of adaptation. Taking into account a high prevalence of such a state as vitamin deficiency, a scale of the presence of these states among schoolchildren have been substantiated and developed on the basis of a sequential heterogeneous Wald’s procedure which can be used as a screening assessment of vitamin status. Performed studies confirmed the presence of the universal way of forming of donosologic visual sensor system owing to the spasm of accommodation, disturbances of contrast vision, reduction of reserves. A high information value, accessibility, painless and economical expedience of the methodologies of visocontrastometry, CFLF, state of accommodation may recommend them as a screening for the revealing of donosologic states. The proposed techniques meet the basic principles of the evaluation of working capacity, allow evaluating of the states of functional systems, the most involved in the provision of education, and are characterized by simplicity, availability, economic expedience. A possibility of their use for prediction of the development of donosologic states among children, adolescents and youth is an important aspect.