Environment&Health (Dovkillia ta zdorovia)

9-12

Authors: Алексійчук В.Д., Омельчук С.Т., Брюзгіна Т.С.

During the experiment on the rats, the effect of 10 nm, 30 nm, 400 nm lead particles on fatty acid (FA) composition of liver lipids was made. It was found, that the most evident changes of liver lipid comlex occur within 6 weeks with the particle size of 400 nm, while the most marked damage of liver lipids levels is made by 10 nm and 30 nm nanoparticles over a period of a 12-week activity of the studied factor. Hereby our studies suggest that changes of FA in liver lipid composition depend on the size of nanoparticles and duration of the effect. To identify the clearest patterns of dependence on "dose – time - effect", it is necessary to continue and expand started research.

17-21

Authors: Станкевич Т.В.

Study objective: study of the peculiarities of the routine of vital conditions in the children of senior pre-school age. Methods: sociological, statistical. Results. Survey of the 1241 parents of senior pre-school children on the peculiarities of day routine of the children has been performed. It has been determined that a day routine of the majority of the senior pre-school age children both in urban and in rural localities was characterized by the prevalence of the activity of static and sensor character on the background of a decrease of motor activity, elements of arbitrary activity and rest. 34% of rural and 44% of urban children additionally visit different hobby groups. Active phase of the day routine is shifted by an hour earlier in rural children in comparison with the urban ones. Research on the determination of routine elements at the stay of the children in pre-school educational institutions and determination of the main factors, affecting the children, is a perspective one.

25-29

Authors: Сергета В., Александрова О., Теклюк Р.В., Стоян Н.В., Дунець Л.

In the article scientifically based method complex score of level psychophysiological and psychological adaptation of pupils and students, that allows to objectively evaluate changes in the major psycho-physiological functions and personal peculiarities of adaptation processes for girls and boys, and develop an individual strategy for the use of funds psychophysiological effects and psycho-hygienic correction of existing deviations in the process of identity formation.

35-38

Authors: Кулакова Е.В., Богомолова Е.С., Дернова Н.И.

The state of children physical development is one of the most important health indicators, since the reduced growth rate, the modification in body mass-length ratio, and arrested development can be essential or even the only manifestation of chronic diseases. The children bringing up conditions – in a family or in the institutions for children deprived of parental care – are of primary importance in a modern socio-economic situation. Objective. We studied physical development of schoolchildren from different social groups. Materials and methods. We analyzed physical development according to regional evaluation tables based on the centile method. The study program included a screening assay of physical development, the determination of somatotype and biological age. Results. The comparative analysis of centile assessment of total body size of children bringing up in a family showed their significant difference from children in social rehabilitation institutions. According to the screening-test findings, physical development was normal only in 61.7% of children deprived of parental care, while in children bringing up in families the parameter was 72.9%. Almost 40% of children from orphan asylums have biological developmental delay that is four times higher compared to the same parameters in children from families. Conclusion. The obtained results suggest that orphaned children growing up in social rehabilitation institutions have health problems and worse physical development indices compared to the children bringing up in families.

43-46

Authors: Давыдок А.М., Титова А.М.

Research objective. To study social and psychological adaptation of six-year-old first graders to training at school. To give a hygienic assessment to methods of early psychological correction of the adaptation status of younger school students at detection of difficulties of the adaptation to academic loads and behavior change. Material and methods of researches. Under supervision within academic year there were 71 pupils of the 3-rd parallel first classes. Development studying school significant functions prior to training at school was carried out by medical and psycho-physiological criteria. Level of social and psychological adaptation of first graders decided on the help of a technique of E.M. Aleksandrovska. In researches teachers and the school psychologist took part. Experience of psychology-pedagogical correction of the adaptation status of six-year-old pupils first graders is studied and generalized. Result. By researches it is established that prevalence of functional violations in a state of health of first graders at the beginning of training made 63,3%, chronic diseases – 12,7%. Low level of a psycho-physiological maturity is revealed at 28,1% a six-year-old pupils. To the termination of the first educational quarter at 87,3% of school students of the first classes indicators of social, psychological, intellectual development corresponded to optimum adaptedness to requirements of teaching and educational process. Adaptation level at 12,7% of school students indicated incomplete social and psychological adaptation to systematic training at school. Long purposeful correction of the adaptation status of the first graders who have arrived in school in 6 years with low and insufficient level of "a school maturity", promoted intellectual, social, emotional development of school students, and allowed in the second half of the year of academic year in 90,1% of cases to avoid negative installations to further training, without serious consequences to join in teaching and educational process.

50-54

Authors: Гуленко С.В., Прокопов В.О.

Objective of the work – assessment of individual and population carcinogenic risk for health from the effect of drinking water quality by the index of chloroform content as a prior COC. Materials and methods. The results of statistical study for the structure and dynamics of total oncology morbidity and by target organs by age categories of the population of the cities of Cherkassy and Chernigov were used. Chloroform drinking water pollution in the cities under investigation with the surface (Cherkassy) and underground (Chernigov) water supply was carried out on the basis of long-term monitoring. Risk assessment was performed by classical scheme according to the agreed-upon methodologies. Results. Dependence among formation of oncology morbidity in the settlements with surface water intake and drinking water pollution with COC has been determined. It was revealed that index of primary oncology morbidity in Cherkassy has a strong tendency to growth in all age groups. Indices of total oncology morbidity and by target organs in the persons using drinking water with an over standard content are greater by 1.2-2.5 fold than analogical indices in Ukraine, in Cherkassy and Chernigov regions and in the city of Chernigov. The levels of the individual risk of the effect of water peroral way of chloroform intake into the organism in the city with the surface water intake are greater by 90 fold than analogical index in the settlements with the underground water intake and makes up 3.62×10-5. A total individual carcinogenic risk of combined effect of water pipe drinking water chloroform, including inhalation and transdermal routes of exposure, is at the level of 4.2×10-4. Conclusions. It is demonstrated that a level of COC (chloroform) pollution of drinking water has a significant contribution in the formation of a higher malignant tumor morbidity. The regions which use a surface drinking water need an elaboration of the effective combined measures for a decrease of disease risk and making of optimum management decisions for the improvement of sanitary-and-hygienic situation.

60-62

Authors: Лотоцька-Дудик У.Б., Крупка Н.О., Галай О.А., Станько О.М.

The aim of the work was to investigate and analyze water quality of Lviv popular natural wellsprings. Methods: organoleptic, physical-and-chemical, toxicological and sanitary-microbiological study of water quality of the 11 popular natural wellsprings of Lviv. Results of the study: source-captations are predominantly in urban and suburban areas of the city. The area around the wellsprings ordered, except for those that are in t. Vynnyky. The results of organoleptic evaluation of water quality showed increased hardness (11-12 mmol/dm3) of the wellsprings of Vynnyky and park "Iron Waters", in the latter case and iron (1.4 MAC). In the several sources reported elevated levels of lead (1.7 MAC – Nezalezhnosty str., 1.1 MAC - Zamkova str., Cheremshyny str. captation № 1). Effect of combined action of substances I and II classes toxicity was assessed as potentiation of 5 wellsprings (t. Vynnyky, Zamkova str., Cheremshyny str. captation № 1) and antagonism - in 6 wellsprings (park "Iron Waters", urban village Bryuhovichi, village Rakovets, Cheremshyny str. captation № 2). In most water sources periodically recorded increase microbiological indicators. Only water of 3 wellsprings (urban village Bryuhovichi Lvivska str., 2; Cheremshyny str. captation № 2; village Rakovets Pustomytovsky district) was epidemiological safe. Аmong the 11-wellsprings, that were investigated, only in three of them the water is fit for consumption, the remaining sources can be considered as elements of the landscape.

68-80

Authors: Полька Н.С., Федоренко В., Пластунов Б.А.

Aims. To evaluate the reports of the XV Congress of Hygienists state and prospects of preventive medicine in Ukraine. Methods. Reviews reports at plenary and sectional sessions and thesis XV Congress of Hygienists Ukraine. Results. The topical problems of preventive medicine, including research, risk reduction and prevention of unfavorable and harmful factors of human environment influence on the health of the population, methodological approaches to identify potentially dangerous exogenous factors, the improvement of the state sanitary-epidemiological service were highlighted. It was summarized the status and prospects for development of primary and secondary prevention, early diagnostics, maintenance of health, assessing the risks of external factors on the health of workers, adult and children population, legal, regulatory and methodological basis of sanitary-epidemiological welfare and training for institutions of sanitary-epidemiological service of Ukraine in its optimization.