Environment&Health (Dovkillia ta zdorovia)

8-14

Authors: ПРИКАЩИКОВА К.Є., ПАВЛОВСЬКИЙ Є.Є., КОСТЮК Г.В., КАПУСТИНСЬКА О.А., ЯРОШЕНКО Ж.С., ЛУК’ЯНЮК В.О., ОЛЕПІР О.В., СИРОВЕНКО В.І., РОМАНЕНКО Н.Т.

Objective: We established the features of the changes in the structures of non-tumorous morbidity and mortality causes in the residents of radioactively contaminated territories (RCT) taking into account their gender and age at the moment of the accident at the Chornobyl NPP in the period of epidemiologic monitoring in 1988-2015. Materials and methods: For epidemiological evaluation of non-tumorous morbidity and mortality among the residents of radioactively contaminated territories in the post-accident period of 1988-2015 we created a cohort of the individuals from the settlements of Zhytomyr, Kyiv, Chernihiv, and Rivne oblasts, accordingly, from Ovruch, Ivankiv, Kozelets, Rokitneiv regions by the data of the State Register of Ukraine (SRU). 98902 persons were included in the cohort taking into account their age at the moment of the Chernobyl accident, gender, total individual doses in the limits less than 13 and over 40 mGr accumulated during the post-accident period of chronic radiation exposure since 1986. The doses were reconstructed in the NNCRM and passed to the SRU. In the total cohort at the age under 60 at the moment of the Chernobyl accident the residents of the RCT were divided by their gender and age. Results: We performed the cohort epidemiologic study of non-tumorous morbidity and mortality of the residents of the RCT at the age under 60 at the moment of the accidents at the Chornobyl NPP during 1988-2015. As a result of analysis it was revealed that general morbidity by age in the residents of the RCT was practically identical and was little different in percentage in the individuals aged under 18 years – 34%, 18-39 years – 36%, 40-60 years – 30%. During the monitoring, a high mortality (77%) in the individuals aged 40-60 years in comparison with younger age categories (20% of the persons aged 18-39 years and 3% of the persons aged under 18 years) was observed. Increase of the mortality in the residents with an increase of their age was stipulated by a significant part of the diseases of circulatory system in the structure of non-tumorous mortality irrespective of their gender and age at the moment of accident at the Chornobyl NPP. We can also point out a decrease of the diseases of endocrine system that occupies a significant place in the morbidity structure in the residents of the youngest age category (20% of the persons aged under 18 years, up to 2.91% of the residents aged 18-39 years, and up to 1.99% of the residents aged 40-60 years). Conclusions: Taking into account that mainly the development of non-tumorous diseases and mortality causes of circulatory system diseases were significant in the residents of the RCT during the period of the study, further it should be important to analyze a structure of nosological forms of this class.

17-21

Authors: ГУНЬКО Н.В., ОМЕЛЬЯНЕЦЬ М.І.

Objective: We studied the structure of mortality of the persons who were the children at a time of the Chornobyl accident and lived at the most radioactively contaminated territories of Ukraine. Materials and methods: The study covered more than 31,000 people born in 1968-1986 who lived in 1986-2011 in Ivankiv, Polisske, Narodichi, and Ovruch regions of Ukraine. We analyzed retrospectively the materials of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine and summarized information about 2,100 dead mentioned in these materials. The retrospective, demographic, mathematical-and-statistical, and software-technological (Microsoft Excel, license number X12 53766) methods of the analysis were applied. Results and discussion: The structure of the causes of death was established to be dominated by exogenous reasons (50.41 %). Somatic pathology makes up 43.09 %, symptoms, signs, and indistinctly defined states - 6.55 %. The diseases of circulatory system, diseases of digestive system, symptoms, signs and indistinctly defined conditions, mental disorders, diseases of nervous system, neoplasms, certain infectious and parasitic diseases became the leading classes of endogenous mortality of the male cohort; the neoplasm, disease of circulatory system, diseases of digestive system, certain infectious and parasitic diseases, diseases of respiratory system became the leading classes of endogenous mortality of the female cohort, in total it makes up 48.9% of 32.3 % of the number of deaths, respectively. There is a tendency to the increase of mortality levels of the male population in comparison with the female one. For the identification of the causes of lower vitality of male subcohort it is necessary to perform the deep studies with the identification of possible links of mortality with the exposure dose levels and duration of chronic exposure.

27-30

Authors: БАНДАЖЕВСЬКИЙ Ю.І., ДУБОВА Н.Ф.

Objective: We performed a comparative assessment of metabolic processes in the children living for a long time in Polissia and Ivankiv districts of Kyiv oblast, at the territories contaminated with radioactive elements as a result of the accident at the Chornobyl NPP. Materials and methods: We determined a content of 137Cs radionuclides, a content of thyrotropic pituitary hormones, triiodothyronine, thyroxin, homocysteine, vitamins B9, B12 in the blood of the adolescents, and a state of folate metabolism genetic system as well.The immunochemical and mathematical-and-statistical methods were applied. Results: The percentage of the children in the age group under study with 137Cs concentration in the organism over 5 Bq/kg of body weight was 34.1 % in Polissia district and was significantly higher (p<0.05) than in Ivankiv district - 14.4 %. The genome of folate metabolism didn’t have significant differences in the children of both districts. There were no risk alleles of folate metabolism genetic polymorphisms in 3.2 % of the cases in the group of the children from Polissia district and in 1.1 % in the group of the children from Ivankiv district. A level of homocystenia exceeded a physiological criterion (state of hyperhomocysteinemia) in 79.8 % of cases in the group of the children from Polissia district and in 73.2 % of cases in the group of the children from Ivankiv district.A content of folic acid and thyroxine in the blood was significantly lower in the group of children from Polissia district than in Ivankiv district. Conclusions: The poor socio-economic conditions are the reasons for a higher content of radionuclides, hyperhomocysteinemia, disruption of the production of thyroid gland hormones, deficiency of folic acid and vitamin B12 in the children from Polissia district in comparison with the children from Ivankiv district. The incorporation of 137Cs radionuclides in the organism and thyroid gland, and folic acid deficiency can lead to disruption of thyroxine production by the thyroid gland in the children living at the territory contaminated with radionuclides as a result of the accident at the Chornobyl NPP.

37-39

Authors: ПРОКОПОВ В.О., ЛИПОВЕЦЬКА О.Б., КУЛІШ Т.В., ГАРКАВИЙ С.С.

Objective: We assessed a carcinogenic risk to the health of the population from the consumption of drinking water contaminated with volatile organochlorine compounds. Materials and methods: The study was performed in the city of Kropyvnytskyi where tap drinking water contained volatile organochlorine compounds (OCC). Their content in water was determined by the method of gas chromatography. Determination of the exposure inhalation and dermal doses was carried out by the calculation method. To assess the hazard of the effect of the volatile OCC on the oncological morbidity of the population we applied a methodology for the evaluation of the carcinogenic risks. Results: Drinking water monitoring showed its contamination with volatile ОСС (chloroform and bromo-dichloromethane) in the excessive amounts. The total carcinogenic risk of the effects of these substances on the population was estimated as alarming. The peroral and inhalation foreground routes of the ingress of volatile OCC of drinking water into the human organism are the foreground ones. Conclusions: The detected level of carcinogenic risk for the population of the city of Kropyvnytskyi requires the profound epidemiological studies of oncological morbidity and the development of the preventive measures for the reduction of the OCC level in drinking water.

44-48

Authors: ФЕРА О.В., КОСТЕНКО Є.Я., КРИВАНИЧ В.М., ФЕРА М.О., САЧУК А.С., ДЕМЧУК В.В. КУЛЕША Т.О., РУСНАК Н.В., ЧЕПАРА С.В.

On the basis of the study of the environmental factors and the patterns of their impact on the development of caries process we obtained the data on the prevalence of caries among the population of the city of Uzhgorod and Uzhgorod region. Analysis of the results of survey and mathematical-statistical processing made it possible to identify the factors that affected the most significantly the occurrence and the development of caries: non-observance of personal hygiene rules, genetic predisposition, frequency of teeth cleaning, non-observance of the rules of oral cavity hygiene, bad habits, type of water supply.

52-57

Authors: VAVRINEVYCH O.P., ANTONENKO A.M., KORSHUN M.M., OMELCHUK S.T.

Background: Today the methods of mathematical modeling and the forecast of xenobiotics’ toxicity of fungicides and herbicides do not exist in Ukraine and many other countries, and there are no legal basis for the use of the conclusions and threshold values obtained by the European experts as well. Objective: We performed a hygienic substantiation of calculation models for the fungicides of different toxicity classes depending on their physical-and- chemical properties. Materials and methods: For the analysis we used the parameters of toxicometry and physical-and-chemical indices of the fungicides widely applied in the world agriculture. IBM SPSS StatisticsBase v.22 and MS Exсel statistical program packages were used for the statistical processing of the results. Results and discussion: The linear and non-linear regression equations, taking into account correlation dependences between the toxic properties of fungicides of the class of pyrazole-carboxamides and carboxamides, triazoles, imidazoles, carbamates and dithiocarbamates, methoxyacrylates and their physico-chemical properties, were developed. In the most cases the values, calculated by our formulas, correlates with experimentally established ones. Conclusions: It was proved that the proposed calculation models for the forecast of the hazard of studied fungicides were adequate and statistically reliable ones. The developed algorithm simplifies substantially the performance of the toxicological experiments and accelerates the procedure of the registration of new fungicides of studied classes if there are data on physical- and- chemical properties of the studied compounds.

62-67

Authors: АРУСТАМЯН О.М., ТКАЧИШИН В.С., КОНДРАТЮК В.Є., КОРЖ А.В., АЛЕКСІЙЧУК О.Ю.

The AIS "occupational morbidity" automated system functions for accounting and analysis of the occupational diseases in Ukraine. It is implementing by the Institute of Labour Medicine of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, as well as the Ukrainian Research Institute of Industrial Medicine, for the institutions of the State Labour Service and the State Food Consumer Service. The annual registration of the cases of newly diagnosed occupational diseases is carried out with the help of automated accounting system. The occupational-and-pathological departments were organized in the regional centers and large cities of the country on the basis of the regional clinical hospitals and specialized research institutes. The doctors of occupational pathology are working there. The treatment-and-prophylactic institutions, specialized in occupational pathology, were established, they were granted the right to finalize the diagnosis of occupational diseases (occupational intoxications). The Central Medical Expert Commission is functioning on the basis of the Institute of Labour Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine. It examines the most complex cases of diagnosis of the occupational diseases. A weighty component of the regulatory framework on the occupational pathology is a statute and the orders of the Social Insurance Fund against Occupational Accidents at the Facilities and Occupational Diseases of Ukraine. In general, the structure of the occupational morbidity in Ukraine for the last 10-12 years is mainly determined by chronic diseases (up to 95%) with a small number of chronic intoxications and acute forms of pathology. The completeness and quality of the performance of preliminary and periodic medical examinations of the employees is an important prerequisite for a clear organization of the entire labour protection system. There is a need to seek the ways for the improvement of the control over the state of occupational morbidity in Ukraine. Ministries and departments, management structures of all levels should carry out a constant monitoring of the compliance with the sanitary legislation both in the process of the operation of the existing enterprises and in the design of the new ones, the introduction of new technologies, providing for their safety. The system of the occupational pathology detection at the country's enterprises requires a significant improvement both in terms of the completeness of the scope by periodic medical examinations and in the improvement of their quality (participation of specialized doctors, carrying out of necessary functional, laboratory, in particular biochemical, research).

73-77

Authors: ПЛАТОНОВА А.Г., ЯЦКОВСЬКА Н.Я., ШКАРБАН К.С., САЄНКО Г.М.

Background: The emergence of the new fabrics and widening of the assortment of children’s clothes needs the improvement of the methodological approaches and widening of the list of the indicators using for the hygienic assessment of textile products. Both the investigations of the qualities of goods and obtaining of the objective information from the customers about the most significant issues regarding the choice and exploitation of children’s goods play an important role in the solution of the wide spectrum of the tasks connected with the formation of the complex of the indicators for hygienic assessment of nonfood items. Objective: We determined the main factors affecting a choice of the parents of the children’s clothes of different functional purposes and the duration of the use of every layer of children’s clothes throughout the day. Materials and methods: We performed the questionnaire survey of the parents of 180 children aged 1-17 years. The analysis of the results was carried out taking into account the age periodization of children’s development. The results were calculated in Excel electronic tables with the help of the methods of variation statistics. Results: Performed questionnaire survey shows that over two- third of interviewed parents buy the children's clothes more than 4 times a year. The majority of the parents buy clothes in the hypermarkets and the stores with specialized departments. At the same time 41.67 % of the families buy clothes in the Internet-shops and 45.00 % of the children wear clothes bought from private persons at the market. More than two-third of parents prefer domestic manufacturer of children’s clothes. The majority of the respondents regard the synthetic fibers in the first layer of children’s clothes negatively. The main factors affecting the choice of the parents, when buying clothes, were quality, outward, safety for health, fabric structure and price. The average duration of the wearing of the first layer of clothes makes up 7.22 -10.45 hours in a day. And duration of the wearing of the first layer of clothes by the children is authentically longer in comparison with the duration of wearing of the second layer of clothes (on the average by 1.5 fold) and in comparison with duration of wearing of the third layer of clothes(on the average by 2.7 fold).