Environment&Health (Dovkillia ta zdorovia)

4-8

Authors: ПРОКОПОВ В.О., ТОМАШЕВСЬКА Л.А., ЛИПОВЕЦЬКА О.Б., КУЛІШ Т.В., КРАВЧУН Т.Є., ЦИЦИРУК В.С.

Objective: We determined the specific features of the biological action of chloroform and monochloroacetic acid with drinking water on the organism of the experimental animals according to the biochemical parameters. Materials and methods: A 6-month sanitary-and-toxicological experiment was performed using 10 groups of white, mongrel rats: 1 – control (they were given artesian water), 6 experimental groups drank water with chloroform, monochloroacetic acid, and their combination at levels 3 and 5 MPC, respectively, and 3 experimental groups that consumed drinking water with a standard content of both isolated substances and their combinations. The functional state of the animal body was assessed by the change in creatinine content, aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activity in serum and blood plasma. Results: Drinking water with the content of chloroform (CF) and monochloroacetic acid (MCAA) at the level of 1 MPC of both individual substances and their combination did not cause significant changes in the biochemical indices of the experimental animals. The dose-time dependence of changes in biochemical indices was revealed especially in the groups of animals drinking water with CF content at the level of 3 and 5 MPC and a combination of CF and MCAA (3 and 5 MPC). When drinking water is used with a combination of CF and MCAA the changes in biochemical parameters take place primarily due to the toxic effect of chloroform. The toxic effect of CF and MCAA in the excess concentrations causes changes in metabolic processes in the organism of animals, is manifested by the significant changes in the biochemical parameters of the blood, and, with an increase in the exposure time, can lead to the emergence of pathological processes in organs sensitive to the action of organochlorine compound (liver, kidney, heart).

14-21

Authors: БАЛЕНКО Н.В., ЦИМБАЛЮК С.М., ЧЕРНИЧЕНКО І.О., ЛИТВИЧЕНКО О.М., ГУЛЬЧІЙ М.В., ОСТАШ О.М.

Objective: We determined the possible mechanisms of the effect of the foreground carcinogenic metals of the atmospheric pollutions (chrome, nickel, cadmium, lead) on the formation of thyroid cancer morbidity in the population. Materials and methods: We used a method of theoretical analysis (generalization, synthesis, abstraction) of literary data and our investigation data concerning with the peculiarities of the bioeffects of carcinogenic metals and regularities of their manifestation. Results: The results of the performed analysis allow us to consider that metals, under chronic combined intake into the organism, resulting in numerous effects at various levels (molecular, biochemical, organ, systemic) , can affect the formation of thyroid cancer morbidity in the population by two ways: I - by means of the induction of direct and indirect (oxidative) DNA damages and epigenetic disorders in unchanged thyrocytes with a further development of genome instability, beginning of mutations, cancer; II- by means of the induction of similar damages in the primary induced knot neoplasms (goitrogenic effect), their proliferating cells are a sensitive morphological substratum for their beginning. Prolonged existence of the complex of these changes against a background of the disorders of the immune system functions, typical for all metals, can encourage a risk of the growth and the acceleration of the development of the malignant tumors of thyroid glands among the population.

25-28

Authors: СВЄТЛОВА О.Д.

Background: During the last decades a process of the deterioration of the schoolchildren’s health state has been observed in Ukraine. For the period from 1986 to 2015 a number of schoolchildren with pathological disorders of all ages increased by 2.2 fold at primary school, by 2. 0 fold at middle, by 2.2 fold at senior. Therefore the issues of the schoolchildren’s health state control are extremely relevant today. Objective: We identified the preconditions of chronic diseases formation in the contemporary schoolchildren. Materials and methods: 382 schoolchildren of middle school age took part in the study, 274 schoolchildren with chronic somatic diseases and 108 without health problems were among them. Assessment of relative risks of some pathological changes in the children with chronic diseases was performed in comparison with the healthy ones. We used a multivariate regressive analysis for the determination of the dependence of the indices from operating factors. Results: The functional markers of the relative risk of chronic somatic diseases formation in the children and an insufficient level of physical readiness were identified. A method for the rough evaluation of the children’s health state only by functional indices of the organism and level of physical readiness was found, this allowed us to identify a group of "risk" of the emergence of pathological pathology.

34-38

Authors: ДАНИЛЕНКО Г.М., ШВЕЦЬ А.М.

Objective: In the article we disclosed a concept and a content of the professional self-determination in the teenagers. The results of the study of the formation of professional self-determination in the senior pupils are presented in it. As a result of the study performed among the 9th grade pupils of the secondary schools of Ukraine aged 14-15 years, we determined that under equal conditions of the planning of the professional activity the further phased self-determination of the future specialty was stipulated not only by the psychological readiness for conscious choice but also by the state of health and the level of psychophysiological adaptation. Materials and methods: 982 pupils of secondary schools of Ukraine aged 14-15 years (493 boys and 489 girls) took part in the study. To study the level of the formation of professional readiness, we performed a survey with the help of the questionnaire, developed by the SI “Institute for Protection of Children’s and Teenagers’ Health, NAMS” which contained both alternative and ranked questions about the educational activity, planned education determination of the professional future, and professional awareness. Statistical processing of study materials was carried out with the help of MS Excel and SPSS-17. Results: The results of the study showed that professional intentions of the 9-graders are a key feature for the solution of the problem of higher school choice and future vocational activity. These intentions are contradictory in the most students due to the objective reason, such as a lack of school opportunity in the organization of the vocational guidance. The achieved level of the professional self-determination of the 9-graders differs depending on gender. The girls demonstrated higher indices of their professional self-determination. Age differences of the 9-graders don’t affect the process of the professional self-determination. The parents, Internet, teachers and school psychologists, classmates and friends are the main sources of the information about professional future. Radio, television, books, medical staff of the educational institution don’t affect significantly the choice of the profession and the level of professional self-determination in the 9-graders. Performed survey is sufficient for the analysis of the vocational guidance of the students. The professional choice of the students is formed under the effect of many factors which adjust both desire and aspiration. Therefore the studies on the vocational guidance require an integrated approach.

42-45

Authors: ДУМКА І.В., ТКАЧИШИН В.С., ТКАЧИШИНА Н.Ю.

Objective: We examined the stress resistance and the level of anxiety in the underground train drivers (UTD) and developed the scheme for treatment of the vegetative dysfunction. Materials and methods: We examined two groups of individuals: 26 - UTD (main group), 26 - employees of the engineering unit (control group). All examined persons of main and control groups were men. Spielberger test was used to study the stress resistance and anxiety level. Results and discussion: Analysis of the study results showed that medium and high levels of anxiety were mentioned in the majority of UTD (88.5%), in contrast to the personnel of engineering unit (23.19%, respectively). There is a significant difference (p <0.05) between similar values in both groups. This indicates that the majority of drivers suffer from the constant impact of stress factor in the workplaces, taking into account the specificity of their work, it leads to a decrease of stress resistance and increase of the level of situational anxiety among the UTD. There was no such a tendency in the control group, this indicated that their work is not connected with excessive impact of the stress factor on nervous system of the engineering personnel. By Spielberger test results, it may be noted that the UTD who have a low resistance to stress and a high level of anxiety, may be proned to imbalance, lack of attention, low self-control, it is dangerous for their profession, taking into account that they provide safe movement of trains. According to the medical histories collected in 26 underground train drivers (100%), above pathological states arose as a result of stress situations (in medical history it is the hitting on a person with a fatal outcome). For the correction of identified disorders a treatment scheme was proposed, its main task was a recovery of the normal functioning of nervous system in general and a disappearance of its somatoform symptoms. Thus at the beginning of the treatment the percentage of the persons with a depressive syndrome was 84.61 ± 7.07%. At the end of treatment this index made up 3.84 ± 3.77% that was significantly less (p <0.01) in comparison with the same index at the beginning of the treatment. At the beginning of the treatment the percentage of the persons with the asthenovegetative syndrome made up 92.30 ± 5.22%. At the end of treatment, this index was 7.69 ± 5.22% that was significantly less (p <0.01) in comparison with the same index. Conclusions: In a survey of the UTD and identification of the psychophysiological vegetative dysfunction risk factors we established medium and high levels of anxiety in the majority of UTD (88.5%), in contrast to the engineering personnel (23.19%, respectively). The difference of values has a reliable (p <0.05) character. Developed scheme for the correction of pathological changes of nervous system in the UTD, due to stresses, can be used effectively for the recovery of the functioning of nervous system, a positive dynamics of the state of health of the drivers before and after treatment indicates it.

49-54

Authors: ТЕТЕНЬОВА І.О.

Objective: We presented a sanitary–and-hygienic assessment of modern methods for recycling and disposal of solid domestic waste (SDW) and prospects of their implementation in Ukraine. Materials and methods: The unutilized residue of SDW after industrial sorting was the material of the study. Investigations of the influence of waste sorting on the composition and properties of the unutilized residue of solid waste were carried out by us under field condition at the garbage sorting station of JSC "Greenco-Center", Kyiv. The study was performed according to the standard procedures. Heavy metals were determined by the atomic absorption method with the help of spectrophotometer of CAS-120.1type. The biological activity of the waste was determined by the index of dehydrogenase activity. The dehydrogenase activity of the waste was determined by the modified methodology in accordance with the Patent of Ukraine No. 22364. Influence of biological preparations on the acceleration of the decomposition of organic waste was evaluated by the dynamics of the reduction of SDW weight and the release of filtrate in time. Results: There is an analysis of modern methods for recycling and disposal of SDW in the work. It is shown that unutilized part of SDW after sorting is safer for disposal. The content of heavy metals decreases in the content of unutilized SDW after sorting and, vice versa, a certain increase of microelements’ content is registered in it. After sorting, in the unutilized part of SDW a content of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, nickel, cobalt) doesn’t exceed their clarkes and MAC in soil in contrast to native SDW. The methods for the optimization of handling with the unutilized part of SDW after sorting are proposed. Compaction of the mixture (10 parts of waste to 1 part of ash) up to 1 kg / cm3 causes a minimization of biological decomposition of the organic substances. When enzyme (oxyzine) and microbial preparations (EM-1) are used for the recycling of SDW after sorting, the decomposition’s depth of organic substances is greater by 1.5 (oxyzine) - 1.7 (EM-1) fold than under natural destruction.

60-63

Authors: БУЗИННИЙ М., МИХАЙЛОВА Л.

Title: Estimation of deposit of natural radionuclides on the soil surface in the vicinity of Trypillya TPP The purpose of research. Estimation of the loss of natural radionuclides as a result of emissions during the long-term operation of the Trypillya TPP. Materials and methods of research. Trypillya TES is located 40 km south of Kyiv. To study the magnitude of radioactive fallouts caused by the Tripolskaya TPP, three pine forest areas were selected for 1.5 km, 1.8 km to the north and 3.0 km to the northwest north of the station, which correspond to the dominant wind directions. The investigated forest profiles of the surface included a layer of forest flooring and two layers of soil 5 cm in thickness each. To ensure the statistical accuracy of the results, 5 to 8 profiles were selected on each site. For comparison, we investigated forest profiles outside of the influence of thermal energy objects near the village. Yasnogorodka Vyshgorodsky district, about 60 km north of Kiev, or more than 100 km from the station. The forest floor samples were burnt to a compact shape, and the soils were dried in the air at room temperature for two weeks until a steady sample weight was reached. The radionuclide content was measured using the ORTEC Gamma Spectrometric System, which contains 3 precision pure germanium detectors and 919 multichannel buffers. Research results. The results of the measurements showed that the value of the average aggregate level of precipitation of natural radionuclides on the surface due to regular emissions from the Trypillya TPP at a distance of 1.5-3 km is 34 50; 37 73; 48 66; 447 1216 Bq • m2 for 226Ra, 232Th, 238U and 40K. The corresponding maximum values ​​are at least twice as high: 63 125; 84,169; 103 180; 725 2430 Bq • m2 for 226Ra, 232Th, 238U and 40K. The predominant amount (80-95%) of activity of radionuclides is deposited in the upper 5 cm layer of soil, the rest - in the forest floor. The vast majority of 210Pb landings are of natural origin, where 55-95% belong to the upper layer of soil. Conclusions As a result of state emissions, the Trypillya TPP is enriched with natural radionuclides by the surface of the soil around the station. The maximum number of deposited radionuclides is concentrated in the upper 5 cm layer of soil, the rest - in the forest flooring. The study of forest soil profiles in the TPP impact zone provides information on the integral levels of natural radionuclides deposited on the surface during its period of activity. To obtain statistically weighted results, it is necessary to study 5-8 profiles. Keywords: Trypillya TPP, fossil fuels, coal, natural radionuclides, radioactive releases, radioactive deposition.

72-77

Authors: ХОМЕНКО В.І.

Number of hemopoietic stem cells transplantation (HSCT) increases worldwide. However, the increasing use of this expensive treatment modality has an economic aspect. Transplant activity rates (number of HSCT per 10 million inhabitants) differ significantly between middle and high income countries in Europe and Eastern Mediterranean/Africa. Any HSCT was not performed in low income countries. In these countries and regions the transplant rates (total, for allogenic and autologous HSCT) are associated with a gross national income per capita, health care expenditures (total and governmental) per capita, number of transplant teams per 1 million inhabitants. Тransplant activity was concentrated preferentially in high income countries of Western Europe in comparison with the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, Commonwealth of Independent States, Eastern Mediterranean/Africa. The described differences of transplant activity present differences in the resources between low and high income countries and the significant regional differences as well. These data provide a basis for health care planning and development of normative acts for the development of HSCT as a cost effective treatment modality in Ukraine.