Environment&Health (Dovkillia ta zdorovia)

11-14

Authors: Цимбалюк С.М., Черниченко І.О., Литвиченко О.М., Гульчій М.В., Баленко Н.В., Федоренко З.П., Волощук О.В.

Objectives. We studied the peculiarities of the forming of thyroid cancer incidence among the population in different regions of Ukraine, determined a character and an intensity of its increase in recent decades. Materials and methods. We analyzed a dynamics of thyroid cancer incidence according to the findings of the National Cancer Register and the regional endocrine dispensaries for the period of 1991-2013 in different regions. We applied the method of regression analysis. A significance of the differences was assessed with the help of Student's coefficient. Results. Obtained results demonstrate a swift growth of thyroid cancer incidence in all regions of Ukraine, it is the most expressed in the highly industrialized regions and in the zones of the intensive agricultural activity as well. These data indicate a possible role of the other anthropogenic factors, besides radiation and iodine deficiency. In this case chemical pollutants (so-called endocrine destroyers) are of great importance because they can damage the function of thyroid gland. It requires the further single-minded research.

19-22

Authors: Апанасенко Г.Л.

The author reviews his long-term research. A fundamental statement about the essence of life and health as a manifestation of the transformation of sunny energy into other types of energy (thermal, mechanical, electric etc.) is discussed in the article. Efficiency of intracellular energy formation as a displayof mitochondria function (eventual stage of transformation of sunny energy) is declared to be an index of organism resistance to the external and internal negative effects. There is a level of energy formation over which either endogenous risk factors or diseases are not registered. It was given a quantitative characteristic («safe health level»). There is a need to create the «industry of health» in addition to the «industry of disease» (the institutions of the Ministry of Public Health), preservation and rise of aerobic energetic potential of biosystem at the population level should be its basis.

27-31

Authors: Волощук О.В., Антомонов М.Ю., Гущук І.В.

Objective. We analyzed the level of the population morbidity in the Rivne region on the basis of integral indicators. Materials and methods. The data, selected for the analysis, show the level of general morbidity of children (0-17 years old) and adult (18 and older) population based in terms of 1000 residents of 16 districts in the Rivne region for 2012. Assessment of the morbidity of children and adult population was carried out by the following methods: method of "percentile-profile", method taking into account the age coefficients, method of total placing. Results. The applied methods of the calculation of integral indicators allowed children and adult population morbidity of the Rivne region to be analyzed from different points of view. By the results of the "percentile-profile" method it was possible to divide the areas into two groups - with a level of general morbidity below and above the average level. Method using the age coefficients of morbidity allowed the proportions of adult and children morbidity to be determined in a whole in the Rivne region. The method of total placing allowed the areas with the highest and lowest levels of general morbidity in children and adults to be determined. Conclusions: By the age groups the levels of morbidity in the areas were distributed almost equally, except Radyvylivsky (it was below the average level in the children's group and - above in the adult one) and Mlynivsky areas (in the adult group - below the average level, in the children one - above). They make up 59% and 41% for children and adult population respectively. The lowest level of general morbidity was observed in Dubensky area in both age groups and the highest - in Sarnensky in both age groups as well. Taking into account obtained results these methods may be applied for the all-round assessment of the indices of the population morbidity and by the separate nosologies.

34-37

Authors: Шидловська Т.А., Козак М.С., Овсяник К.В., Петрук Л.Г.

Objective. We studied quantitative and qualitative indicators of rheoencephalography in the individuals with acoutrauma obtained in a zone of the antiterrorist operation (ATO). Materials and methods. We performed a rheoencephalography of 50 patients with acoutrauma obtained in a zone of the ATO. 15 healthy normal hearing individuals were a control. For the study of cerebral circulation we performed the rheoencephalography with the help of the computer rheograph of the company "DX-systems" (Ukraine). Results. At the qualitative assessment of the rheograms of the examined patients we revealed the circulatory disorders of the brain both in carotid (FM) and vertebral-basilar (OM) systems. According to the REG the normal indicators of the cerebral circulation state were not registered in any patient with acoutrauma. We observed an increase of the tonus of cerebral vessels with angiospasm effects only among 4% of the examined soldiers. There was a difficulty of venous outflow in 90.0% of the cases in carotid system and in 100.0% in vertebral-basilar one. Among the examined patients we also often registered a decrease of the tonus of cerebral vessels (30.0%) and even the cases of atonic curve (22.0%). There was a significant part of the patients with an unstable vascular tonus with a tendency to its increase (8.0%) or to a decrease (58.0%) in both systems of cerebral circulation. As to a pulse blood filling, there was a decrease in the carotid system in 66.0% of the cases and in 84% in the vertebral-basilar pool among the patients with acoutrauma. An asymmetry of the REG curves (8.0%) was also noted in the vertebral-basilar system of the ATO soldiers. Analysis of the quantitative REG indicators in the individuals of the studied groups in comparison to the control group (K) showed the significant (P<0.05; P<0.01) changes in the indices α, β, DKI, DSI, Ri, it indicates the changes of the tonus of cerebral vessels, an obstruction of the venous outflow and a decrease in pulse blood filling both in carotid and vertebral-basilar systems. Thus, according to rheoencephalography the pronounced changes of the cerebral hemodynamics were revealed among the examined patients with acoutrauma obtained in the ATO zone.

41-45

Authors: Якименко І., Цибулін О., Шаповалов Є.

Цель работы. Изучить приверженность студентов украинских университетов здоровому образу жизни. Материалы и методы. Методом добровольного анонимного анкетирования проведено оценку приверженности студентов двух университетов Киевского региона (n=211) здоровому способу жизни. Результаты. Выявлено, что среди студентов возрастом от 17 до 21 года, излишний вес имели 7,1% студентов, и значительная часть молодежи, особенно парни (74,7%) систематически занимались физическими упражнениями. Вместе с тем, 25,6 % студентов курили и 61,6% употребляли алкоголь (хотя бы иногда). Менее половины опрошенных употребляли овощи и фрукты в достаточном количестве и молочные продукты ежедневно. Более 70% студентов допускают негативное влияние окружающей среды на их здоровье и признают недостаточное материальное обеспечение для лучшей приверженности здоровому способу жизни. Выводы. В целом студенческая молодежь в Украине имеет большую приверженность к здоровому образу жизни, чем старшее поколение, но курение и потребление алкоголя остаются серьезной угрозой для ее здоровья.

50-53

Authors: Брухно Р.П., Солоха Н.В., Слаутенко Є.Г.

Objections. We assessed the rates of aging of the personnel, engaged in noise exposure activities, as well as the impact of production noise on their biological age on the basis of the study of the hygienic conditions of work and biological age of the Obolon PJSC personnel. Materials and methods. We present a hygienic assessment of noise, microclimate, and lighting on the working places of the operators of bottling of non-alcoholic and low alcohol beverages. The measurements were performed with the help of audiometer "Larson Davis 800B", globe thermometer “Tensor 41”, catatermometer (F 564), light meter of U-116 type. The study of the biological age (BA) was carried out in the personnel of the main group (75 persons engaged in noise exposure activities) and representatives of the control group (42 persons not exposed to noise). The biological age was detected by the method developed in the Kyiv Scientific-Research Institute of Gerontology for the application in the outpatient departments and production conditions. Results. According to the Hygienic Classification of Labour…№ 248 of 08.04,2014, approved by the Decree of Ministry of Public Health of Ukraine, the conditions of the work of the personnel, engaged in beverage bottling, was established to be related to such classes of the conditions of the work as 3.1 (harmful conditions of the 1-st degree) and 3.2 (harmful conditions of the 2-nd degree) by the sound levels; and 2 (permissible), 3.1 (harmful conditions of the 1-st degree), and 3.2 (harmful conditions of the 2-nd degree) by the temperature of the air. As a whole, the conditions of work of the personal, engaged in beverage bottling, may be related to the danger class 3.2 (harmful conditions of the 2-nd degree). The accelerated aging rate characteristics of the noise exposured personnel were revealed. The average index of the “appropriate biological age” - “biological age” in the main group is statistically reliably higher than that of the control group (9.44±1.97 and - 0.25±0.94 years correspondently). Conclusion. The reliably aging rate acceleration (P<0,05) is observed in the personnel of the Obolon PJSC exposed to the heightened levels of permanent wide-range noise with the excess of the maximum permissible levels at medium and high frequencies (500-8000 Hz).

59-64

Authors: Антоненко А.М., Коршун М.М.

Last time the diseases of thyroid gland attract a considerable attention. In a certain way it is connected with the fact that the gland actively responds to the geochemical state of the environment with the further occurrence of one or another diseases. Control of the diseases of such an origin is one of the important tasks of the World Health Organization and is highly relevant for Ukraine. Objective. We analyzed and systematized the anthropogenic chemical factors of the environment and the mechanisms of their effect as the factors for the development of thyroid gland pathology. Chemical (natural and anthropogenic) factors, affecting the development of thyroid diseases, are the most numerous among the exogenous ones. Heavy metals, persistent organochlorine pollutants, medical preparations, pesticides and agrochemicals belong to the chemical anthropogenic (technogenic) factors. Heavy metals (lead, cadmium, cobalt, mercury) preferentially inhibit 5'-monodeiodinase of liver of type I, disrupting the conversion of T4 into T3. Persistent organochlorine pollutants affect the thyroid gland through the hypothalamic- pituitary-thyroid axis. Some medicines can act as goitrogenic substances mainly disrupting a hormone synthesis (acetazolamide, sulfadiazine, sulfizoxazole, sulfonylurea anti-diabetic drugs). However, the other mechanisms may be realized. Mainly the pesticides don’t affect directly the thyroid gland, but disturb its functioning indirectly affecting the metabolism of thyroid hormone in liver. Pyrazole-carboxamide fungicides – succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors; oxazole, triketone, benzoylpyrazole and bicyclooctane herbicides – inhibitors of 4-hydroxyphenilpyruvatdioxygenase, pyrethrins and persistent organochlorine pollutants –polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins, furans, etc. act in such a way. The main mechanisms of the negative impact of the mentioned above factors on thyroid gland are violation of the transport and metabolism of the hormones; violation of the regulation of their synthesis and action; direct toxic effect on the gland; induction of autoimmune processes; violation of iodine absorption. Conclusion. Thus, our analysis shows that there are many anthropogenic chemical factors which affect a human daily and can adversely affect the human body, causing pathological changes in the thyroid gland. However, a potential risk of the influence of the majority of the factors is realized at their long-term exposure in the high doses/concentrations. Adhering to the recommended regulations of their safe use it is possible to prevent the creation of conditions for the realization of the mechanisms of the negative impact of mentioned factors.

72-73

Authors: Віленський Ю.Г.

Рецензія на книгу О. Яворовського «Академік Євген Гнатович Гончарук. Наукові пріоритети у профілактичній медицині»