Studies were conducted in the equatorial Andes, in the region of the canton of Latacunga, Republic of Ecuador. A comparison was made of eroded soils on the slopes with corn crops and pasture areas. In the soil sectors occupied by corn, a low organic matter content of 0.31–0.82% is revealed. Pasture soil soils have indicators of 1.67–1.71%. It has been established that the cultivation of corn on steeply inclined slopes in the mountainous part of Ecuador leads to significant erosion degradation of land.
A study was conducted on the effect of the number and length of gullies on the development of rock falls and screes on the eastern slope near the city of Quito in the Equatorial Andes. It has been established that gullies with a length of more than 400 m have the most significant effect on the formation of rock falls and screes at the foot of the slope. The total number of gullies is not a significant factor in the development of these geomorphological processes.
The soils of the western exposure slope in the equatorial Andes have been studied. The soils have been found to have low content of organic matter, not exceeding 0.49%. There is also a lack of Nitrogen and Phosphorus. The soils on the slope of the concave shape have a greater content of organic matter, compared to the sectors of the convex shape. Soils are eroded and have low fertility