Journal of accounting, finance and auditing studies

1-19

Authors: Ercan ÖZEN, Leyla ŞENYILDIZ, Kenan AKARBULUT

Many academic studies show that the increase in financial savings have a positive impact on economic growth. Therefore, the growth of funds in the financial system has more important, especially in developing countries as Turkey. However, due to the interest in the traditional concept of financial and banking system, some people do not use the market to evaluate their savings because of their religious beliefs. At this point, Noninterest (Islamic) finance system could be a good alternative to current system. Measure the households’ perceptions is important to make this system more effective. The reason to measure perception is that it is one of the most important factor to influence human behavior. Participation banking is one of the leading structures of Islamic finance system in Turkey. Within this direction, the goal of this study is that measure the perceptions of households about the participation banks . In the study, data was collected from over 18 years old 510 people by randomly selected and was analyzed by ANOVA test. The results of this study suggest that the perception of participation banking is low. The study comes out that individuals’ properties such as gender, education, job and income have statistically significant impact on the knowledge level and interest perception of individuals about participation baking. This study will contribute to academicians, participation baking and related institutions to create policies about participation banking.

43-59

Authors: Adeniran Samuel FAKILE, Stephen Aanu OJEKA, Babajide OYEWO

Participation of subordinates in organization is not a new phenomenon. Workers have been participating in industry by virtue of their producing goods and services. But, the involvement of subordinates in budget planning is the focus of this study. The data for this research were collected from primary source through questionnaire. The participants had been in their job position for an average of three years. Each has also been working for their organization for an average of seven years. All statistical analyses were carried out with the aid of the SPSS software (version 21). The hypotheses tested were supported, the study established that subordinate participate in budget planning and that such participation leads to goal clearity and budget goal acceptance.

75-107

Authors: Bilgehan TEKİN

Traditional finance has developed based on two fundamental assumptions, including the expected utility theory and rational choice or decision. However, this hypothesis has been criticized heavily by put forward that are not realistic enough. The basis of behavioral finance theory is based on the “prospect theory”. According to this theory individuals cannot act fully rational, they install more sense to loses than at the same amount of profit and they exhibit risk and loss aversion behaviour. Behavioral finance is intended individuals’ understanding of the reasoning patterns that used in their financial decision-making as a more realistic by including the behavioral and emotional patterns of individuals to the decision making processes. This study has focused on traditional finance and behavioral finance fields and the basics of these two fields. And also these fields are discussed and compared with general principles. This study reflects the terms of a comprehensive view on the subject. The goal of the study is to provide a better understanding of the different viewpoints that put forward by traditional and behavioral finance disciplines as a whole. Also with this study it is aimed to contribute to the theoretical background and conceptual framework that will be used in next studies.

129-141

Authors: Seçkin GÖNEN, Emin YÜREKLİ

The framework to institutionalization and corporate governance is determined by Turkish Commercial Code numbered 6102. In other words, Turkish Commercial Code has arisen as a legal full text of both concepts. Relevant parts of Turkish Commercial Code set the basis for articles about corporate governance pertaining to transparency, equity, responsibility and accountability which are formed within Anglo-Saxon law system. Moreover, in order to increase the opportunities for more and faster credit usage and going to public in capital markets; transparent, clear, comparable and high quality financial reports stands out as principles of new Turkish Commercial Code. So as to present convenient financial reports with International Accounting Standards, businesses should complete their backgrounds for corporate governance. It’s widely known that, principles of corporate governance rests on basis for producing qualified financial reports and quality standards. The aim of this study is to evaluate principles forming corporate governance concept from Turkish Commercial Code’s aspect. Relevant articles in Turkish Commercial Code are scrutinized and inferences about are put forward.

155-171

Authors: Segun AYODELE, Adeyemo K. ADEREMI, Imoleayo F. OBIGBEMI, Stephen A. OJEKAd

This research examines the nature of relationships that exist between corporate governance mechanisms (board composition, audit committee, board size and corporate governance disclosure) and financial performance (return on equity, profit margin and return on asset) in the Nigerian oil and gas industry. Secondary data from the audited financial statements of the fifteen listed oil and gas companies in Nigeria were employed. The test of hypotheses and other analysis of data were done using Pearson Correlation and regression analysis generated from SPSS, version 17. Findings from the study revealed that insignificant but positive relationship does exist between board composition and the performance of oil and gas companies in Nigeria. Evidence also exist that corporate governance disclosure level has a positive and significant impact on the ROE. This study therefore suggests that board of directors and stakeholders of oil and gas companies in Nigeria should pay more attention towards enhancing the independence of their audit committees and the extent of their corporate governance disclosure in order to enhance their level of profitability.

195-217

Authors: Refka MAGHRAOUI, Jameleddine ZIDAI

Given divergent results of studies on the implications of employee ownership on performance and low interest granted to the probability of the existence of an eventual causality. The purpose of this contribution is to check whether there is a causal link between the two presuppositions and if so, whether the causality is unidirectional or bidirectional. Based on the econometrics of panel data, the error correction models and low exogeneity tests, the results of the econometric treatments, on a sample of French companies quoted on the stock exchange 120 over a period running from 2000 to 2012, reveal the existence of two long-term dynamics in a single direction from the performance indicators (ROA and ROE) to employee ownership.

1-19

Authors: Pavlov KERIMOV

Despite numerous government interventions, machine-building industry in Ukraine slowly declines since 2008. Many researchers claim it to be a result of high cost of capital within Ukraine. This article purposes to answer the question, how cost of capital influences development of Ukrainian machine-building enterprises. Twenty Ukrainian enterprises were selected and their data analyzed for the period from 2008 to 2014, using the value-oriented approach, namely, the method of Economic Margin (EM), adjusted to peculiarities of Ukrainian reporting practices. The research shows, that the cost of capital (CC) is not a determining factor for the stalled development of the machine-building enterprises in Ukraine.

36-55

Authors: Ercan TÜRKÜNER

In compliance with Basel III rules this study aims to create a model capable of generating a balance sheet. In the light of several hypotheses and general data about Turkish Banking System the model generates a balance sheet and, hence Basel III liquidity ratios could be set their threshold values. Besides, with the sensitivity analysis possible impacts of balance sheet structure on the Liquidity Coverage Ratio which promotes the short-term resilience of the liquidity risk profiles of banks have been revealed. Since the model allows that all the input hypotheses can easily be changed, it has such flexible structure with instant generation of new balance sheet. Consequently, to simulate the impact of different management choices on the bank’s general position would be probable.

64-84

Authors: Mihriban COŞKUN ARSLAN, Seda ALDEMİR, Mehmet Reşat DAĞ

The purpose of this study is to measure the basic accountancy knowledge of entrepreneurs in Tokat Organized Industrial Site ( OIS ) and it is also aimed at determining the tax treatment knowledge level of entrepreneurs. In line with this purpose, a questionnaire was implemented to the operating firms in Tokat Organized Industrial Site ( OIS ). In consequence of the questionnaire and analysis, with regard to the implementations of entrepreneur-accountancy knowledge relevancy; while there were no significant differences among the following variables such as gender, educational level, position, there were significant differences among the following variables such as age and work experience. In addition to the above-mentioned results, according to the result of the knowledge implementation questionnaire, there were no significant differences among age, gender, educational level, position and work experience. The evaluation of open-ended questions was examined with details in the conclusion of the study.

98-114

Authors: Cançağ GÜLMEZ, Mustafa KILLI, Bülent ÖZ

This study was conducted to examine opinions about professional ethics perceptions and ethical viewpoints of accounting studying students in the undergraduate and associate degree programs. The universe of study consist of students of studying various accounting courses in associate degree programs (Business and Accountancy and Taxation) of Osmaniye Vocational School and undergraduate programs (Business Administration, Management Information Systems, Economics, Political Science and Public Administration with International Trade and Logistics) of Economics and Administrative Sciences Faculty in the main campus of Osmaniye Korkut Ata University. The survey was conducted within the scope of study as data collection methods. The survey data was tested using SPSS 18 program. According to the findings of study, girl students are more susceptible than male students about in commitment to ethical principles and professional ethics, would be useful to take place in the curriculum of professional ethics lessons, would be increase in the commitment to ethical principles with ethics education was concluded.

133-157

Authors: Seçkin GÖNEN, Aykut GÜRYEL

According to today's business notion, companies ought to decide on how to assess their investment properties because of an increasing competition. On this basis, there are options available for companies such as own usage of investment property or leasing it for gaining earnings on value augmentation. If second option of these alternatives is chosen, investment properties standard is taken as constitution. With this different evaluation, the risk of wrong information transmission is dealt over. The aim of this study is to intoduce investment properties, and putting forward accounting criteria with application examples. In this context, firstly classification of investment properties is performed then examples regarding explanations and accounting procedures are delivered abiding by Accounting Standard numbered 40. With this standard, the necessity for separate categorization of investment properties apart from other assets of an entity is arisen that is previously made according to Turkish Accounting and Financial Reporting Standards. Thus, fair presentation of information available in financial statements could be enabled through accurate categorization.

185-199

Authors: Mesut DOĞAN, Feyyaz YILDIZ, Yusuf TOPAL

The purpose of the present study is to determine how and in which direction individual investors are affected by psycho-social factors in their financial decisions. In other words, this study analyses how investors' personalities and demographic features relate to their investment decisions and risk perceptions. In this scope, we used a questionnaire filled out by 268 banking employee working in the banks operating in the provinces of Hatay, Kocaeli, Denizli, Eskişehir, Aydın, and Mersin. The results of the analysis were found to vary according to the demographic characteristics of the preferred investment.

232-254

Authors: Hakan ARACI, Filiz YÜKSEL, Deniz İSPİRLİ

Sustainable development is an issue that attracts worldwide attention since 1970s. Banking industry takes the question of sustainable development and sustainability into serious consideration as well. Many a global organization including most particularly IFC, GRI, UNEP FI, BEI, European Commission, and UN Global Compact Network have conducted various studies relating to the consideration of environmental and social effects and reporting thereof within banking sector. There is a correspondingly rising emphasis placed on sustainability in Turkish banking sector. Sustainability reports are voluntarily published by banks operating in Turkish banking sector. In addition, there are three commercial banks listed in the ISE Corporate Sustainability Index. In this study, the contribution of the banking sector to sustainable development and sustainability did analyzed with a view to the sustainability practices in Turkish banking sector, and the sustainability reports of a specified group of commercial banks and a private equity development bank operating in Turkish banking sector did analyzed.

271-291

Authors: Mehmet KÖRPİ, Mehmet CİVAN, Ekrem KARA

The data users need reliable financial statements when they make any decision. In this study we aim to identify the factors that determine fraud risk in financial statements by examining the listed firms in Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) over the period 2009 and 2013. Using quarterly data, we included 408 periods belonging 32 firms that have fraud risk and the control group consists of 20 firms with 400 periods in this analysis. By employing logistics regression analysis, we found that receivables turnover, financial leverage, gross profit margin, BV (Book Value) / MV (Market Value), natural logarithm of total assets, the total duration of the firms in the stock exchange, the big four auditing firm and z score are important factors to detect the fraud risk in financial statements. The correct classification rate of the logistic regression analysis is found 75.1%.

1-22

Authors: Eriabie Sylvester OSARUMWENSE, Adeyemo Kingsley ADEREMI

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of Financial Literacy (FL) and Frequency of Meetings(FM) of members of Audit Committee on financial reporting quality in Nigerian quoted companies. Data for the study were derived from annual reports of one hundred and thirty one (131) companies quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange over the period of 2006 to 2012. The data were analyzed using descriptive, correlation and Ordinary Least Square (OLS). The multivariate regression technique was utilized to estimate our model. The findings showed that audit committee financial literacy and audit committee frequency of meetings had a positive significant influence on financial reporting quality. Based on these findings, some recommendations were made, prominent amongst them, was that, in order to strengthen the impact of financial literacy on financial reporting quality, regulatory authorities such as SEC, CBN and NDIC, should give special attention to audit committee members with high status with a view to making it mandatory for all companies to comply with it. Status, in this context, implies an aspect of personal power reflecting the ability to influence outcomes based on perceived skills, qualities and personal attributes.

39-69

Authors: Nevser Mine TÜKENMEZ, Ahmet Galip GENÇYÜREK

Sustainability is currently a very popular topic in the world of business. This paper explores the concept of sustainable investment, its evolution, the role of stock exchanges in corporate sustainability, sustainability indices both in developed and developing markets and literature regarding sustainable investing performance. The main purpose of the study is to introduce Borsa İstanbul Sustainability Index and to study its performance. Wilcoxon test is used to test the differences in return of the index companies before and after the launch of the index. The results obtained revealed that most of the companies suffered a decrease in return after being included in the index. Also, paired samples t-test is used to explore the differences in performance between BIST Sustainability Index and other benchmark indices. The results showed no statistically significant difference between BIST Sustainability index and other benchmark indices.

96-114

Authors: Ahmet Selçuk DİZKIRICI, Bayram TOPAL, Hatem YAGHI

The new conditions in airline industry due to the effects of liberalization have changed the market considerably since the 1980s. The difficulties in the industry force the airline companies to compete that financial analysis became indispensable to compare their profitability among the rivals worldwide. For this reason; it is aimed to reveal the relationship between profitability and traditional financial and airline-specific ratios for 17 leading major airlines for the 2011-2013 period in the study. Here; it is suggested to display the impact of traditional ratios on profitability rates for the companies. Operating Profit Margin (OPM), Net Profit Margin (NPM), Return on Assets (ROA) are selected as the profitability rates while Current Ratio (CR), Debt Ratio (DR), Total Assets Turnover Rate (TATR) and Revenue per Revenue Passenger Kilometers (RRPK) are chosen in the study as traditional financial and airline-specific ratios. The methods as Descriptive Statistics, Correlation and Regression Analyses (the profitability rates as dependent variables and traditional financial and airline-specific ratios as independent variables) are studied respectively by running SPSS 20.0 Software Package to reveal the mentioned relationship between profitability rates and traditional ratios and to interpret the outcome for major airlines.

128-144

Authors: Ahmet ÖZCAN

The accounting frauds have massive adverse impacts on the business environment. Due to high incidence of accounting fraud in the economic environment, regulatory bodies make considerable efforts to the development of a reliable and accurate model that can detect accounting fraud. The primary objective of this paper is to establish an empirical model that significantly contributes to the development of a reliable model for detecting accounting fraud committed by firms listed on Borsa İstanbul. This study investigates ten accounting variables with probit regression analysis and covers 144 firms between the time period of 2005 to 2015. The results indicate that firms with low liquidity ratios are more probable to issue fraudulent financial statements, negative financial performance is a vital motivational factor for fraud, smaller firms are more likely to issue fraudulent financial statements, firms with high debt to equity are more likely to be classified as fraud firms and fraud firms have lower accounts receivable turnover and inventory turnover than non-fraud firms.

164-191

Authors: Caner ATIŞ, Gizem ÇOPUR VARDAR

As a result of intensive competition, banks offer many differentiated loans. Unfortunately, while these loans are being offered, there may be differences among their forms and substances; and reporting them depending on their form distorts financial statements and misleads users. Banks can even offer loans with zero percent interest, while overcharging fees, commissions, and insurance premiums in advance to compensate the cost and make a reasonable profit. They may divert interest and commission sources of income by interchangeably reporting them. This study aims to show the effects of misrepresenting fixed repayment bank loans (installment loans) on the financial reports of relating parties and propose solutions in the light of International Accounting Standards/International Financial Reporting Standards.

224-238

Authors: Sedat DURMUŞKAYA

Several studies exist in the literature to analyze the effect of weather conditions on finance field. As an addition to the mentioned ones, in the study; the relationship between the weather condition reports and Istanbul Stock Exchange Food and Beverage Index is examined. For this reason, the daily data of weather conditions of Turkey from August 2013 to November 2015 besides closing prices of the Food and Beverage Index are benefited. As climatic factors like weather conditions are suggested to affect the amount of the agricultural products and their prices; the condition reports are assumed to cause volatility in cases such as costs in addition to financial structures of the companies listed on the index. Hence; the effect of mentioned factors on profitability and market value of the firms are tried to be revealed. Johansen ve Juselius Cointegration tests are run between the average temperature and daily closing prices data in advance and long term relationship is revealed between the variables in the study. Therefore; Vector Error Correction Model to indicate the short term effect of the relation is used so that findings are shown to obtain the balance for the deviation of short term deviation.

265-296

Authors: Cemal ELİTAŞ, A. Engin ERGÜDEN

While the independent auditing in publicly-held corporations was made in accordance with Serial X No:11 Communique of the Capital Market Law until 2005 pursuant to CML, then the regulatory authorities (Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency, BRSA - Undersecretariat of Treasury and Energy Market Regulatory Authority, etc.) led by the Capital Market Board ordered independent audit to be made over the financial statements prepared in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards within the framework of union acquis. Basically, all the companies in Turkey are obliged to prepare their financial statements in accordance with the provisions of Tax Procedure Law (TPL). Companies subject to supreme regulatory authorities led by publicly-held corporations subject to Capital Market Law are obliged to submit some correction and classification records while preparing their financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) after the preparation of financial statements in accordance with the Tax Procedure Law; and generally these accounting records are provided by majority of the companies not over the accounting information system but outside accounting.

1-13

Authors: Abdelghani ECHCHABI, Dhekra AZOUZI

Despite the various studies covering outstanding issues on dividend payments and policies as well as their relevance to investors and price fluctuation within developed markets, similar studies are still scarce in the emerging markets. Moreover, very few studies only examined the influence of external factors on the dividend policy components. Thus, the current study aims at investigating the determinants of dividend payout among the Tunisian listed companies and particularly to inspect the influence of the Jasmine revolution on firms’ dividend policies. In line with this objective, the study employs panel data models using pooled data from the companies listed on the Tunisian Stock Exchange from 2003 through 2012. This specific study period has been selected because it includes the Arab uprisings events which started in Tunisia at the end of 2010. The findings indicated that net cash flow and market to book value have significant influence on the dividend payout, while the Jasmine revolution had no significant impact on the dividend payout among the Tunisian listed companies. The study extends the literature on the dividend policy towards a new context which is that of Tunisia. Furthermore, the study also enriches the literature by considering an important political and social event, which is the Jasmine revolution. The latter had major political, social and economic repercussions, not only in the Arab region but also on the global scale. Hence, the study provides insights on the possible influence of similar events on the dividend policy and the other factors that may influence its dynamics. This would also assist policy makers, regulators, as well as investors in elaborating strategies and policies for an optimal use of the dividend policy tools.

53-72

Authors: Ülkü ERGUN, Seçkin GÖNEN

Independent auditing approving reliability of financial information revealed to those concerned in business which also known as accounting control or financial audit constitutes prominence for secure operation of capital markets and development of collaboration for healthy economic growth in globalizing world. Nowadays’ businesses should pay adequate attention to independent auditing due to getting aware of dependency of accurate and appropriate financial decisions plus gaining healthy financial structure to transparency of financial information. The aim of this study is to determine the role of Public Oversight Board in upgrading the reliability of independent auditing. On this direction, interviews are conducted with big four auditing companies as a qualitative research method and finding are evaluated respectively.

112-123

Authors: Gürkan MALCIOĞLU, Mücahit AYDIN

Market efficiency is the most important factor affecting the situation as to whether to obtain excessive profits of the investors. Working in BIST-100 Index and sub-indices with the Industrial, Technology, and Financial Services Index of returns, whether it is a linear structure is examined via Harvey linearity test. Used Harvey linearity test, beside other tests analysis linearity without any pre-condition. This increases the power of the test. The data set used in this study is the period between 07.03.2000 and 09.22.2015 consists of 3723 observation. The results of the study say that the analyzed variables are nonlinear. The excess returns are concerned. Therefore, according to efficient market hypothesis, by using previous information excessive profits can be obtained in the markets.

136-161

Authors: Hilmi KIRLIOĞLU, Özlem DOĞAN

Aim of this research is to reveal general trends by analysing postgraduate theses prepared on “Management Accounting In Hospitality” topics and published at Cohe Thesis Center study this topic by presenting a panaroma and to give an oppinion to practitioners about searches conducted. As a result of screening 14 postgraduate theses and 6 doctoral theses were found. Theses categorized with content analysis according to their various characteristics ,and also results and findings of the research studied deeply were discussed in their different and similar aspects. Years experienced an increase in the work done as a thesis, but it was found that work done in recent years. Thesis in strategic management accounting approaches are very committed to the issue.