Ulumuna

255-276

Authors: Mustain

The history of emergence of sects of Islamic theology can not be separated from political issues as shown in the history of Shiite, Khawarij, Murjiah, Jabariyah, Qadariyah, Mu'tazilite, and Ash'arite. This paper tries to assess such linkage, particularly in the case of Shiite and Khawarij. The emergence of both sects was backed by sharp tribal political competition among the supporters of Ali ibn Abi Talib; both sects then showed their characteristics more as political stream (religio-political) rather than sects of theology. Although both, especially Khawarij, have important contributions in the debate concerning major sins commit which then lead to debate about broader and in-depth issues of divinity, but their political activities are more dominant than their theological thoughts. While the Shiite was preoccupied by searching for the ideal figure of priest (imam), Khawarij flow into a political insubordination movement to the government that they consider infidels.

305-332

Authors: Halid Al-Kaf

Religious liberalism in Islamic context has many possible meanings: first, the development of rational thought and attitude; second, the freedom to interpret religious texts; third, the belief that all religions encourage virtue and support the universal values of humanity; fourth, strengthening the separation thing what is profane (worldly) from the sacred (religious). The article aims to analyze some of the terms relating to the Liberal Islamic theology, that is: religious liberalism, secularism, secularization, and pluralism. In the aspect of religious texts interpretation, Islamic liberalism has at least three characteristics: first, patterned substantive, that is to understand the religious teachings are not limited to the scriptural reason (text) but rather on finding a more substantial meaning behind the text. Second, patterned contextual, i.e. to interpret religious texts on a variety of contexts. Third, patterned rational, i.e. to interpret religious teachings based on the reasoning/logic of healthy and humanitarian objective.

351-380

Authors: Nurul Anam

The “post god” era represents a period indicating about mass death of god and describing a human life that existentially "kill" god position, and not be trapped at formally absolute dogmatic. In this era, new-Nietzsche god faces with very high desire of absolute power emerge. They disobey there is something else takes a grip on them. They are conscious that there is God, but that is only at formal testimony level, not at substantial-operational level. If this phenomenon is analyzed farther, then it will be clear that the emergence of new-Nietzsche god faces in the “post god” era has caused a crisis of god consciousness. Thereby, deconstruction of god consciousness to change new-Nietzsche god to become perfect humanity and transform him to become God proxy in the world is a kind of progressive and meaningful action to the better future of world civilization.

407-434

Authors: Asnawi

The Dutch colonialism over Lombok Island in 1894 caused severe sufferings. Under their control, Lombok people were oppressed and suffered. Theology and tariqat practices built anti-imperialist spirit within Muslim society to the infidel imperialists. Consequently, Muslim leaders like Tuan Guru who were also tharîqah teachers aroused the war for the sake of Allah. Tuan Guru propagated Islamic teachings so that Islam then became an ideological base for fights against the infidel Dutch. This urged the Dutch to chase Muslim leaders and look for information about tharîqah movements. Such repressive efforts led them to rebel. Lombok people’s fanaticism to Islam awakened anti-imperialist spirit and movements. Considering Lombok people’s fights against Gel-Gel King of Bali and the Dutch, Islamic spirit was an intrinsic part of the struggle against colonialism. It was clear that the Islamic spirit of independence moved them to struggle.