International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharmaceutical Chemistry

6

Authors: Pooja Dilipsing Thakur, Sudarshan Gopichand Patil

Polycystic ovary syndrome (P.C.O.S) is one of the commonest metabolic endocrine disorders among the women of reproductive age. It is mainly characterized by combination of – Hyperandrogenism, Menstrual abnormalities & polycystic ovaries. It is a frequently associated with insulin Resistance & Obesity. Basically, it is a systemic endocrine & metabolic disorder. Women with PCOS will give a history of irregularity of menses and skin manifestations include, acne, Hirsutism, Acanthosis nigricans, Alopecia, Obesity & sometimes it leads to infertility cases In Ayurveda PCOS associated with features are closely related with some of Yoni Vyapads- Puspghani Jataharini, Kashtartava, Nashtartava & Aartavadushti have some similarities with this disease. The exact disorder is not explained in Ayurveda. It involves imbalance of Trayo Dosha, Sapta Dhatu means various factors at variant levels are involved. So the potential route of treatment is with by following lifestyle changes that is Dinacharya & Ritucharya, Nidan Parivarjana & Artavajanan, Sanshaman sanshodhana Dravyas. So this paper is approach to explore ayurvedic concept of PCOS.

7

Authors: Aishwarya C Anchan, R R Geethesh P2 , Ravindra Angadi3 , Sushmitha V S 4 and Ashok Kumar B N

Diarrhoea is the passage of three or more loose or liquid stools per day and more frequently than normal for the individuals. In bacterium-induced diarrhoea, rapid loss of fluids and electrolytes results from inhibition of the normal absorptive function of the intestine as well as the activation of secretary processes. Atisara, one of the diseases mentioned in Ayurvedic classics has its cardinal feature as frequency of loose stools which mimic the diarrhoeal symptoms. Samangadi Kwatha is one of the formulations mentioned in Chakradatta which is indicated in Sarvatisara. Kwatha should be prepared and used instantly as it has limited shelf life. On the other hand, Arishta have prolonged shelf life and also palatable. Considering these factors, present study was planned to compare antibacterial properties of two dosage forms Samangadi Kwatha and Samangadi Arishta on diarrhoea causing bacteria such as Salmonella enterica, Shigella flexneri and Escherichia coli. Methodology: In antibacterial study by agar well diffusion method, the zone of inhibition of both the samples were tested against three bacteria namely Salmonella enterica, Shigella flexneri and Escherichia coli. The results of antibacterial study are weighed up and scrutinized. Results: In the antibacterial activity assessment, Samangadi Kwatha exhibited a zone of inhibition against all three organisms at all tested concentrations. However, Samangadi Arishta showed zone of inhibition at moderate and higher concentrations.

7

Authors: Rinky Jatav, Vir Kirti2 , Yogesh Kumar3 , Rita Singh4 and Chandra Bhan Singh

In the modern day life heart diseases are on a rise. None of us are exempted from the direct and indirect effects on heart. Our modern-day life and lifestyle, irregular food habit, stress, inadequate sleep, metabolic disturbances, inadequate exercise, smoking and drinking habits etc predispose to the manifestation of Hridroga or heart diseases. According to Ayurveda, Hridaya or heart is a Marma (vital organ) and the physical, physiological and emotional damage due to Hridya can lead to loss of suitable life. Hridaya is the Sthana of Chetana (site of life) and Para-Ojus. Hridaya is a specific site of Prana Vayu, Sadhaka Pitta and Avalambaka Kapha so it is nominated as Pranaytana. The imbalance in these 3, leads to structural and functional failure of the heart, resulting in Hridroga. Acharya Charak has described Fifty Maha-Kashayas, in which Hridya Mahakashaya that give strength to Hridaya is an important Mahakashaya. Planty of Hridhya Dravyas supply the nourishment to the heart and support the Avalambaka Kapha and Ojus. The Hridya Dravyas are too possess Sheeta Veerya (cold potency).

8

Authors: Prerak Shah, Dhruti Kagrana

Respiratory tract disorders, including asthma, bronchitis, allergic conditions and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pose significant global health challenges. Conventional treatments often involve inhalers, oral medications and nebulizers. Ayubreth® , an ayurvedic bronchodilator mouth spray, has emerged as a potential complementary therapy. Formulated with natural ingredients, Ayubreth® aims to alleviate symptoms and improve lung function. While initial studies show promise, further research is essential to assess safety and efficacy comprehensively. Primary aims of the study were, to evaluate effectiveness of Ayubreth® in improving breathlessness and associated symptoms and to assess bronchodilation effect. Major objectives were; to measure and compare breathlessness levels before and after Ayubreth® administration, to assess changes in respiratory function parameters (FEV1, FVC, PEFR) post Ayubreth® usage, to investigate duration and magnitude of bronchodilation achieved with Ayubreth® . An interventional, open-label clinical trial was conducted with 113 subjects aged 18-65, diagnosed with asthma or bronchitis. Ayubreth® was administered, and respiratory parameters were assessed using spirometry. Primary outcome: comfort from breathlessness; secondary outcomes: % change in predicted values of FEV1, FVC and PEFR. Out of 113 subjects, 82.65% completed the study. Baseline respiratory function was compromised. Ayubreth® demonstrated significant improvement in FEV1, FVC and PEFR (p < 0.05). No adverse effects were reported. Ayubreth® exhibited a positive impact on respiratory function shortly after administration. Improvements in FEV1, FVC and PEFR highlight its potential as a bronchodilator. Ayubreth® shows promise as a safe and effective ayurvedic bronchodilator, offering potential benefits in the management of breathlessness and associated symptoms.

8

Authors: Anju G K, Prathviraj Puranik2 and Kavya

Introduction: Pureeshaja Krimi is one among the intestinal infestation, which is very common in children which contributes significantly to disease burden and cause malnourishment & stunting. Despite the implementation of deworming in the country, recurrence rate is significant. Methodology: An open labelled comparative clinical study was conducted with 30 children in the age group between 5 – 10 years were selected from Kaumarabhritya OPD of S D M Ayurveda Hospital, Udupi, fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria and allocated to two groups using permuted block randomization method. Duration of study was 7 days with a dose of 5 ml TID for 5-7 years and 7.5 ml TID for 7-10 years. Follow up was done after 7 days. Assessment was done before & after the treatment and after the follow up. The data collected were statistically analysed within the group and between the groups using Wilcoxon signed rank test and Mann Whitney U test respectively. Result & Conclusion: The result obtained were statistically analyzed and found that, both the groups showed highly significant results in relieving Gudakandu & Guda Nishkramana of Krimi. Group B showed more effect in parameters like Agnimandya & Udarashoola than Group A. Both Vidangakrishnadi Syrup & Mustadi Syrup can be considered as safe and effective in managing Pureeshaja Krimi in children.

10

Authors: Akshaya Patel, Pushti N Desai2 and Dharmendra Singh Rajput

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most prevalent, potentially lethal, monogenic human disorder. It is associated with large interfamilial and intrafamilial variability, which can be explained to a large extent by its genetic heterogeneity and modifier genes. It is also the most common of the inherited cystic kidney diseases - a group of disorders with related but distinct pathogenesis, characterized by the development of renal cysts and various extra renal manifestations, which in case of ADPKD include cysts in other organs, such as the liver, seminal vesicles, pancreas, and arachnoid membrane, as well as other abnormalities, such as intracranial aneurysms and dolichoectasias, aortic root dilatation and aneurysms, mitral valve prolapse, and abdominal wall hernias. Over 50% of patients with ADPKD eventually develop end stage kidney disease and require dialysis or kidney transplantation. ADPKD is estimated to affect at least one in every 1000 individuals worldwide, making this disease the most common inherited kidney disorder with a diagnosed prevalence of 1:2000 and incidence of 1:3000-1:8000 in a global scale.

5

Authors: Sreekutty P V, Shrinidhi R2 , Shubha P U3 and Chaithra S Hebbar

Agadatantra has an ancient and established background in Kerala. Ayurvedic toxicologists of Kerala regarded some treatise as their authentic reference books. Kodeserymargam is one such exclusive reference book which covers the entire aspect of Visha and its management. There are many Agada Yogas mentioned in the management of Lootha Visha. Nigundyadi agada is one such formulation mentioned in Kodeserymargam, which contains ten ingredients. It can be used in the form of Gutika, Kasaya and Lepa.

5

Authors: Sanjeev Kaushik, Shweta Bisht2 and Jyoti Kumari

Anaemia can be closely correlated to Panduroga in Ayurveda. Reduction in Red blood cell(RBC) and haemoglobin is main characteristic feature of this disease. Heamoglobin estimation is the one of the most important diagnostic tool for Pandu (Anemia).Transfusion dependent anaemia is form of anaemia characterised by need of continues blood transfusion .It is condition that that results from various diseases,and associated with decreased survival rates.Clinical presentation of Panduroga are explained by different Acharya-Mandagni (suppression of power of digestion), Daurblaya (weakness) Bhrama(Giddiness), Jwara(fever), Swasa (Dyspnoea),GuruGatrata (Heaviness), Shoonakshikutta (swelling peri orbital region), Sheernalooma (hair fall), Pindikoudvesthan ( Cramps in calf regions), Arohanayasha (while climbing feel pain in calf, lumbar and feet, region thigh). This is a case study of a 19‑year‑old female patient from Delhi presented with blood transfusion dependent Aneamia to Kayachikitsa outpatient department at CBPACS,Najafgarh,Delhi Ayurveda treatment regimen containing herbal‑mineral based and metallic preparations was administered for a period of approxiamately 2months, which resulted in marked rise in hemoglobin level, hematocrit, red blood count . Multidimensional approach of Ayurvedic medicine and principle can prove to be very effective in the management of this anemia.

6

Authors: Divya Hule, Nilakshi S. Pradhan

Myopia, a prevalent visual disorder, has been on the rise globally, leading to concerns about its long-term impact on ocular health.According to Ayurveda, involvement of Patala by various Doshas is responsible for development of refractive errors. Acharya Sushrut and Acharya Vagbhat have recommended various Kriyakalpa and treatments like Nasya, Dhumpana, etc. among which Tarpana is considered as foremost in management of Timira.Refractive errors are an avoidable cause of visual impairment and are in utmost need to be considered for subsiding its further progression in blurred vision by prescribing appropriate glasses or last option being refractive surgeries.This study explores the potential of Tarpana, an Ayurvedic ocular therapy, as a novel approach in myopia management. The results revealed promising findings, suggesting that Tarpana might serve as a complementary therapy in the management of myopia. These findings have significant implications for the field of ophthalmology, shedding light on potential alternative treatments for myopia and encouraging further research into holistic approaches for visual health.

7

Authors: Neha Rokhade, Shrinidhi R2 , Ranjana K3 and Chaithra Hebbar

The Visha Chikitsa has been given prime importance and explained by all Acharayas. There are various Agada formulations explained in Visha chikitsa by many Acharyas. Among them some are under clinical practice and some are unexplored due to lack of research works. One such formulation Rajanyadi Lepa explained in Yogaratnakara Vishadhikara 73rd chapter in the context of Lootha Visha Chikitsa. It comprises of 5 ingredients and administered as External application. Lepa is extensively used by Visha Vaidya as a mode of treatment even i in this present era. This paper is an attempt to make a review on the formulation Rajanyadi Lepa

7

Authors: Geetha Kumar, Anop Singh2 and Manish Choudhry

INTRODUCTION: Kurpara Sandhi Marma is one of the Vaikalyakaramarma. If injured it produces deformity or disability of the person. Many types of sports injuries like Tennis elbow, Golfer’s elbow etc. are related with elbow joint which will be leading to deformity that can be avoided by proper Ayurvedic treatment. METHODOLOGY: Marma related reference from Samhitha with commentary and modern anatomy books and sports injury related articles are referred. RESULT: Kurpara Marma mentioned in Ayurveda can be anatomically compared with elbow joint. Over excretion of joints and straining of ligaments during sports related actions leads to conditions such as Tennis elbow. This condition is characterized by pain in the region of medial and lateral epicondylar of elbow pain, and when untreated leads to permanent loss or disability of the limb. Ayurvedic treatments such as Abhyang (application of oil) and Pichu (application of cotton-soaked with medicated oil) can be adopted to avoid permanent disability. DISCUSSION: The article discusses about Acharya Sushruta description of Kurparamarma which is located in upper extremity situated in between humerus radius and ulna bone. Its measurement is 3 Angula Pramana and its prognosis after injury produces Kuni. Elbow joint is synovial joint functionally hinge type joint found between lower end of humerus and upper end of radius and ulna. The point of articulation of three bones the humerus radius and ulna. The articulation of elbow joint occurs between the Trochlea and Capitulum of humerus and trochlear notch of the ulna and head of radius. In Ayurvedic point of view Kurpara Marma Abhighataja leads to deformity of elbow, produces swinging of arm, stiffness of arm, painful movement of upper limb. Conclusion: In day-to-day life, improper use of forearm and arm, any nerve injury, muscle weakness, by various sports activity will hamper the function of elbow joint, so we have to prevent the joint from injury as well vaiklalyatha (deformities) by medicated oileation, sudation, application of cotton dipped in medicated oil (Pichu), proper massage, traction, exercise etc.

9

Authors: Vijayendra G Bhat, R Santhoshini2 and Niveditha YR Hebbar

Metabolic syndrome is a complex cluster of interconnected metabolic abnormalities that significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and other chronic conditions. Ayurveda is one of the traditional medical systems that has drawn attention for its holistic approach to treating illness. This paper is a case study demonstrating the effective use of Ayurveda therapies in the management of Metabolic Syndrome focusing on lifestyle modifications and herbal remedies.

11

Authors: Jyoti M Takoliya, Ankit M. Paneliya2 and Upendra U Zala

The Varti Kalpana has play its own important role since prehistoric period. Varti Kalpana is derived from Vati Kalpana explained in Ayurvedic Pharmaceutics. Varti shape i.e. like wick of lamp (elongated with tapering ends) that is why it is called Varti Kalpana, medicated preparation, intended for ready to introduce into one of the cavity of the person‟s body other than oral cavity. These are intended for local application and helps in expelling the accumulated Doshas. Ayurveda describes Netra Varti, Dhuma Varti, Guda Varti, Yoni Varti, Vrana Varti. In our classical literatures, exclusive description of Vartis were found and they describe their distinctive method of preparation, specific size as well as administration and indication in disease. Suppositories are solid dosage form prepared by moulding or pressing to be inserted into body cavities such as the rectum, vagina and the urethra. Guda Vartis are intended for insertion into the rectum (Guda). Rectal route of drug administration incorporates absorption of a drug through vessels to exhibit desired therapeutic action. Guda Varti helps with Apana Vayu Anulomana by assisting in the easy elimination of Sanchita Dosha from the body. Various method of its preparation has been explained both in the classical literature and in contemporary science.