International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharmaceutical Chemistry

5

Authors: Akansha Kapoor, Sunita Suman

Woman is one of the most beautiful creations of God and is bestowed with the precious blessing of achieving motherhood, which is the most wonderful period in her life. After delivery, her body takes time to revert back to the pre-pregnant state. This is the puerperal period or sutika avastha as described in Ayurveda. Sutika Makkal is a post-delivery complication mainly seen in women who do not follow sutika paricharya. It is the apana vayu that is responsible for natural propulsion of artava and mala. Whereas, vitiated apana vayu moves in a way opposite to its normal downward direction causing retention of vitiated rakta inside the uterus which is responsible for this type of pain. Yavakshar has been quoted in Ashtang Sangraha for the effective management of Makkala Shoola. Due to its vatakaphashamaka and shoolahara properties, it can prove to be an excellent remedy for treating Sutika Makkal Shoola.

5

Authors: Keval S. Monapara, Nirali Thacker2 and Vandna Raval

Avascular necrosis is the death of bone tissue because of scarcity of blood supply. Also mentioned as osteonecrosis. It can cause minute fractures and may collapse of the bone. It is caused due to an injury or enduring use of steroid drugs in large dose and excessive alcohol intake. AVN femoral head is the most usual type of necrosis because the artery supplying this area is very slender that gets injured easily followed by simple dislocation or fracture which leads to lack of blood supply leading to necrosis. According to modern science, there is no specific therapy instead of surgery. According to the principle of ayurveda Vata, Pita, Rakta Dosha play major role in prognosis of AVN along with involvement of Asthi and Majja Kshaya. One case of bilateral femoral head AVN has been treated with Deepan Pachan, followed by Panchtiktaghrita and Vatshamak Dravya, Panchtiktsksheerbasti. symptomatic improvements were seen in the patient according to signs and symptoms before and after treatment. Observation: The outcomes were inspiring. Therapy has resulted in a marked enhancement in the gait, pain and tenderness.

6

Authors: Sonal Meena, Tarana Ameta2 and Dinesh Kumar Sharma

Anatomy is science that deals with the different structures of human body like bones, joints, Twacha, different sense organs and kala etc. Relevant knowledge of anatomy is very important for better understanding of diseases and their cure in form of medicinal or surgical process.In the Sushrut Samhita, Acharaya Sushruta explains Kala, a unique Ayurvedic concept. In the Garbhavyakaran Sharir Chapter of the Sharir Sthan, Acharya Sushruta mentioned the concepts of Kala while explaining the detailed development of body parts. The body has a total of seven Kala. Between Dhatu and Aashaya, there is a limiting membrane or layer in our body called Kala. These are extremely small particles that are invisible to the naked eye, just like cells. Their functions in the body can help you understand them. The word Kala implies "property" or "quality," so these are unique membranes in the body that play an important role in body physiology. The body has many layers or membranes that form an envelope around the organs. Kala refers to the cell membranes that distinguish each cell from the others.

7

Authors: Aarti Kaushik, M B Gaur

Ayurveda being the most holistic and ancient medicinal system is well known for maintenance and promotion of health in which the role of Vyayama (exercise/structured physical activities) plays a significant role. It emphasizes on the firm affinity between the body, mind and spirit. Life or living being has been conceived as a composite entity consisting of a physical body superadded with highly sensitive sense perception. In Ayurveda, health is denoted by equilibrium between body, mind, spirit and social well-being. It is stated that the Health is a state of normalcy characterized by balanced equilibrium of the three Dosas, the thirteen types of Agnis, seven types of Dhatus and the Malas besides the optimum happiness of the Mind (Manas), senses(indriyas) and the spirit (Atma). Vyayama or physical exercise is very much important in today‟s life to keep one healthy and disease free. Vyayama helps in maintainence of healthy state of an individual by maintaining balance of three Doshas (i.e., Vata, Pitta and Kapha), stimulation of Agni (~ digestive and metabolic strength), enhances Oja (~ mental and physical capacity to resist diseases) and helps in maintenance of homeostasis. The intensity and amount of vyayama should be done as per proper guidelines to avoid any adverse effect. The effects of exercises varies as per different prakriti. Vyayama stimulates digestive fire which in turn is associated for all the functioning and metabolism of body thereby playing an important role in maintenance of health of an individual.

7

Authors: Jigna Patel, Vaibhavi N. Patel

Abscess is a collection of pus in the body. The acute and chronic phases of the same anorectal infection are referred to as an abscess and a fistula, respectively. The causative factors of abscesses are germs, such as bacteria and foreign substances entering the body through needles piercing the skin and contaminating the injection site. An infection in the anal glands, which spreads to adjacent spaces and causes a fistula, is the first sign of an abscess. The management is described in two step procedure involving incision and drainage followed with fistula management. According to Acharya Sushruta – " Sheegra vidhahivat " . Acharya Sushruta mentions that if vidradhi attains pakvaavastha, bhedana is the first line of treatment to drain the pus and later, it should be treated as Vrana. In this case study female patient, age 65 years old came to the OPD of Akhandanand Ayurved Hospital, Ahmedabad with the complaints of left gluteal region swelling and pain, unable to sit, pain during defecation since 6 months. Patient was diagnosed as left sided Ischiorectal abscess and treated with bhedan (incision) and ksharsutra technique. After every week thread was changed and wound was completely healed with normal scar without any complication within two and half months.

8

Authors: Vinod Katoch, Prashant Kumar Jha

Purpose- Pharmacognostical study of bark of Chirbilva Holoptelia integrifolia is done for identification in field and to avoid adulteration by standardization. Methods- Drug is studied taxonomically and its macroscopic ,microscopic features were studied including powder microscopy of bark with suitable instruments. Results- Macroscopic study reveals dried bark from trunk of old branches was flat, somewhat curved in shape. Outer surface was grayish brown in color with blackish brown adherent patches of rhytidoma while inner surface was yellow in color. Outer surface was rough, warty due to rounded protuberances of the lenticels. Microscopic study reveals rhytidoma traversed with stone cells, followed by narrow zone of parenchymatous cortex with stone cells. Phloem was very wide, traversed with wavy medullary rays, tangential bands of fibers and stone cells. Uni-to triseriate medullary rays was observed.Powder microscopy reveals fragments of lignified cork with stone cells. Isolated or groups of thickwalled spherical to oblong shaped, pitted stone cells and septate fibres were present. Prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate and simple starch grains were scattered as such throughout or embedded in parenchymatous cells. Fragments of tangentially and radially-longitudinally cut medullary rays associated with fibres were seen. Conclusion: Finding of this study will falicitate pharmacognostic standardization of plant material and become an aid for identification as well as preparation of herbal monographs for the species and to enjoy the ayuvedic classical claims.

8

Authors: Geetha Kumar

The Marmas are the places where soma (kapha), maruta (vāyu) and tejas (pitta) representing three doṣa the three Gunas, rajas, satva and tamas, and the bhūtatma resides. According to Siddhasystem Varma is vital life energy points located in body and identified as 108 by siddhar. Varmam is the condition in which the blockage of vital energy in the body to produce the disease. This blockage occurs due to external injury, psychological stress and their effects through doṣā. In the siddha system of medicine varmam points has not only explained for traumatic effect but therapeutically the stimulation of surroundingVarma point as a treatment can restore the affected health. The study symbiotically put forward the knowledge of marma, marmabhighatalakshana from ayurvedic marma with therapeutic knowledge of siddha varmatherapy to cure certain diseases.

8

Authors: Sonal Gupta, Sudama Singh Yadav

Health is the homeostasis of Dosha, Dhatu, malas, agni, and ojas and disturbances in the homeostasis result in the condition known as Disease. There are various factors responsible for disturbance of this homeostasis. Diet is the major factor for maintaining homeostasis of all Dhatus and consequently all physiological phenomena. There are other factors also which affect our health like physical activity, infectious agents, various abnormal environmental conditions and our genetic material. Both sthaulya and Diabetes are due to the abnormal and excessive diet, lack of physical exercise and genetic material also play an important role in the manifestation of the disease. In sthaulya, according to Ayurveda, dushya is meda dhatu while in Diabetes drava roopa kapha is main dosha and there are 10 dushya(rasa, rakta, mansa, meda, majja, shukra, ojas, kleda vasa, lasika)which participate in the pathogenesis. In this article, the relationship between sthaulya and prameha will be reviewed and analysed.

9

Authors: Neha Joshi, Punita Pandey2 , Arun Kumar Tripathi3 and Vipin Kumar

Introduction: Ayurveda is the ancient Indian system of medicine, in which the clinical approach is based on preventive, curative and promotive aspect. To make ayurvedic diagnosis and treatment more accurate research in the area of clinical principles of Ayurveda, which are described in various ayurvedic literatures, is required. Prameha is one of the most common and favourite topics for research in Ayurveda, mainly due to its high incidence rate. Objective: Till date, lot of research work has been done in Prameha. To collect various studies on Prameha and to observe shortcomings and scope for future studies. Data source: Ayurvedic Research Database (ARD), “Shodhganga”- A reservoir of Indian thesis. Result: Exploration of untapped areas of research in Prameha is indispensable for the development and propagation of Ayurveda based management of Prameha. Conclusion: The tendency of research works reflects the need for a change in thinking during the selection of the subject, aims and objectives, to avoid repetition of same work.

9

Authors: Nanditha M

Fruits are the most requisite component of a healthy diet. They are the natural and prime sources of vitamins and carbohydrates. Fruits are also extensively used by the traditional medical practitioners for curing various diseases in their day-to-day practice. It is important to have the knowledge of proper sources of fruits which are currently and most commonly available. Kharjuri is one such utilitarian traditional medicinal plant in India, for which four varieties have been mentioned in Bhavaprakasha Nighantu. Understanding its current sources based on the actions mentioned in the classics is necessary to include it in the practice. Currently there are around seven varieties of Kharjura available, but only four varieties have been mentioned along with their actions and properties in Bhavaprakasha Nighantu – Bhumi Kharjuri or Kshudra Kharjuri, Pinda Kharjuri, Chohara Kharjuri, Sulemani Kharjuri. Present review aids to understand the actions of different varieties of Kharjura along with its ethnobotanical practices with a view to imbibe it in the clinical practice.

9

Authors: Ashvin B. Bagde, Asha T. Ramteke2 and Sushil Yanpallewar

Pramanas, the means or source for gaining the valid or true knowledge have their special importance in Ayurveda in terms of literary research, clinical practice and therapeutics. Pramanas are mainly contributions of Nyaya darshana and has given four pramanas viz. Shabda Pramana (Authoritative statement), Pratyaksha (Direct Perception), Anumana (Inference) and Upamana (Analogy) as a valid source of true knowledge. Upamana pramana is one among them. Upamana pramana reflects the knowledge of similarity. It is a method of comparing an unknown object with a known object for acquiring the knowledge about the unknown one. The compared known object is very well known even a layman would identify it easily. Through upama, any subject's understanding becomes very simple and transparent. As a result, the Acharya in Ayurveda have used the upama to simplify and clarify the subject so that complicated concerns linked to disease diagnosis and treatment can be easily comprehended. In spite of all these, necessity and utility of Upamana Pramana is the most ignored in the field of research by the faculty of Ayurveda. While going through the Samhita Granthas, it is noticed that various Upama are mentioned are in scattered form. So in this study, some well-known examples of diseases related to specific upama will be collected from Ayurvedic samhitas in order to explain differential diagnosis between two diseases or types of diseases with presence of specific character related to color, size, shape and appearance.

12

Authors: Pariksha Sharma, Yogesh Kumar Pandey

Background: Tamaka swasa, is a clinical condition characterised by swasakruchrta (dyspnoea), due to obstruction of pranvaha srotas by vitiation of Kapha and Vata doshas leading to partiloma gati (inverse movement) of Vata. It has manifestations similar to Bronchial Asthma, a disorder of airways hyperresponsiveness resulting in wheeze, breathlessness, chest tightness and coughing. According to the Indian Study on Epidemiology of Asthma, Respiratory Symptoms, and Chronic Bronchitis (INSEARCH), the asthma prevalence across India is approximately 2.05 per cent among those aged more than 15 years. Aim: This study aims to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of Abhaya-Nagara Churna and Vasavleha in Tamaka Swasa. Materials and Methods: This will be a single-centred, open-label, randomized clinical trial. The patients diagnosed with asthma will be selected and randomly divided into 2 groups. Vasavleha will be allocated to group A and Abhaya-Sunthi Churna to group B for 28 days. Haematological examination, spirometry and ACT score with a recall period of four weeks will be assessed before treatment and after treatment, while assessment of severity criteria will be done on 1st, 7th, 14th and 28th day. AQLQ score with recall period of two week will be assessed at the 1st, 14th and 28th days. Follow-up of 30 days will be done. The effect of the therapy will be evaluated based on the changes in subjective and objective parameters with a ‘p’ value < 0.05 as significant. Discussion and Conclusion: The discussion and conclusion will be drawn on the basis of statistical analysis and symptomatic relief of overall assessment.

25

Authors: Deepthi, Shrikanth P H2 and Likhita D N

Literature review helps to fill the gap between the existing knowledge and textual knowledge. It is very hard to find extensive and exclusive information regarding any single matter of interest especially in Ayurvedic texts. Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa is one such area which demands thorough literary research which is attempted in the present study. Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa is one among Trividha Chikitsa which is mentioned first in the order considering its importance in the treatment of diseases. Chakrapani clearly mentions that Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa is indeed Sadhyo Vyadhihara and Akleshakari. In the present study, a critical analysis of the concept of Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa is done. Methodology: Review of the classical literature including Charaka Samhita with commentary of Chakrapani, Sushruta Samhita with commentary of Dalhana, Ashtanga Hrudaya with Hemadri commentary and Ashtanga Sangraha with Shashilekha commentary, articles, internet sources and Sanskrit dictionaries bearing the description of Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa. Discussion: The diseases are mainly caused by three Karanas – Atiyoga, Ayoga and Mithya Yoga of Kala, Artha and Karma where Karma refers to either of Purvajanmakrita or Ihajanmakrita which would result in the manifestation of the disorders. Without knowing Mula Karana, the disease will never be subsided by any type of major treatment. Thus, identifying Karana for the disease becomes more important than treating the manifested disease. Here lies the scope for Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa, as it is the only line of treatment for diseases caused by Karma.