International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharmaceutical Chemistry

4

Authors: Pooja Yadav, Pravesh Tomar2 and G M Kavya

BalaTaila is an important Sneha Kalpnain Ayurveda classic and has been mentioned by different Acharya because it has Prajakarama, Sheeta, Balya, bhringhaniya, vrishyaand Tridoshsamaka properties. It is a Taila preparation containing Balamoola, Tila Taila and Godugdha. So, aim of the present study is to analyse BalaTaila which is used as Uttarbasti in Bandhyatva due to Tubal blockage. This drug was further studied physio-chemically, organoleptically and chromatographically for developing standards.

5

Authors: Shreya. G. Shetty, Robin Singh2 and Sowmya S B

Agni is a very unique concept explained by Acharyas in ayurveda. It has been explained differently by different Acharyas, but each one has specifically stressed on its importance. Acharya Vagbhata states “Rogah Sarvre api Mandagni” (As.Hr.Ni 12/1). Thus it is evident that one has to understand Agni in all its entirety to understand the disease and its treatment aspects. Acharays have repeatedly stressed on concepts of swasthavritta, ahara vidhi vishesha, viruddha ahara, ahara vidhi vidhana. These things when followed correctly helps in safeguarding the Agni, and helps in improving health and longevity. Ayurveda has an in depth understanding of the process of digestion and the role Agni has to play in it. Thus Acharya Charaka has explained in detail about the 13 types of agni and how each one of these are important for the proper digestion, absorption and assimilation of food.

6

Authors: Singh Pragya, Singh Anil Kumar

Ayurveda has equated human body with a building, as pillars and sub-pillars are required to make the building stable, similarly the need of three pillars (Sthunas) and three supporting pillars (Upastambhas) have been emphasized for human body. The three pillars are the three humors; Vata, Pitta, and Kapha1 . The three sub-pillars are Ahara (diet), Nidra (sleep) and Brahmacharya (celibacy2 . Here Ahara has been enumerated first, which shows its importance. Ahara (diet) and vihara (life style) both play a preeminent role in ayurvedic thought concerning the etiology of diseases and their cure. Acharya Charaka has said that, food is the foremost among those that sustain life1 . According to Susruta, Ahara (food) is the sustainer of living beings and also the cause for their strength, complexion and vigor1 .When the food is taken judiciously and according to the codes of dietetics then only the above benefits of Ahara can be achieved, while on deviating from these codes leads to an unhealthy life. The ancient rishis and pioneers of ayurveda have laid down certain rules and codes of dietetics which are to be followed by every individual to attain the healthy and long life. In this thesis work detail about the important of Ahara will be described according to Ayurvedic classics.

6

Authors: Bishnupriya Mohanty, Asavari Gawali2 and Sangram Keshari Das

A woman undergoes lots of changes in her body since birth. Throughout the journey women have to pass from three phases – Bala (childhood), Rajaswala (menstruation/reproductive phase) and Vriddha (Old agemenopausal age). Out of these most important period is Rajaswala period (largest one). Within the entire period of women life Rajaswala period means a great to contribute a lot for giving offspring. Health during this period is more concerned; to provide a healthy progeny. Menstrual cycle disorders like dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, PCOD, irregular menses, endometriosis etc are very common during reproductive age; because of different physical / mental stress and life style related issues. Family adjustment, social problems related psychological diseases are ten times more observed in women than men. Such stressors sometime control the initiation of menstrual cycles and their all pathological presentation too. Neuro-psycho-endocrine link have a strong impact on starting of menstrual cycle, the flow and also many emotional behaviors of ladies. Even it also impact on premenstrual period and presented in form of a complex physical, emotional and behavioral Syndrome. The range of symptoms is from mild to severe and with single to complex. These symptoms vary in every single woman and negatively affect normal daily life. Premenstrual disorder is mostly neglected by ladies due to social taboo of not discussing about menstruation openly. Exact diagnosis of premenstrual disorder is unknown and also stated as mere answerable medical mystery. But untreated premenstrual disorder can be complicated and even lead to Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder in severe stage (if left untreated). Sometimes leads to severe anxiety and depression with undiagnosed physical diseases. So its need to study and appropriately diagnose the disorder as there’s no specific treatment symptomatic treatment and dietary changes are advised. Ayurveda believes that Premenstrual Syndrome is caused by the imbalance in Doshas. Little wrong in lifestyle can bring great impact on Tridosha (the biological control system) and causes various diseases.

6

Authors: Ekta, Vishal Verma2 , Sheetal Verma3 and Savita Sonkar

Wound healing is a compound process to achieve integrity of the disrupted tissues. Wound management is always been a challenge for the clinicians. Shalya Tantra (Ayurveda surgical science) owns various procedures and drug preparations for wound management. We report a case of 35 years old woman as a chronic wound on right breast. The treatment was planned with Chhedana karma (debridement) along with the local application of Jatyadi taila and regular dressing. Treatment took 7 weeks for complete healing. The open wound was effectively managed with Ayurveda management protocols indicated in the texts.

6

Authors: Amala .U.Kumar, Chaitra H2 and Arya Subhash

Datura is a herb explained in ayurvedic classics which is attributed with both poisonous and medicinal values. In this review article an attempt is made to compile the critical information related to therapeutic effect from bruhatrayee, laghutrayee and different toxicological textbook to substantiate it as both poison and as an antidote. It‟s entirely different function is due to its active chemical constituents like atropine etc. Datura is included under the group of sthavaravisha and is one among the upavisha. As per modern concept Datura is classified under deliriant cerebral poison. Deliriants are substances that cause acute state of confusion with disorientation, delusion and hallucination. Datura contains certain alkaloids such as atropine, scopolamine which are muscarinic cholinergic antagonists that exert multiple effects on the CNS. Atropine is both a central and peripheral muscarinic blocker and its actions last approximately four hours. And this atropine which is the main chemical constituent in datura acts by the mode of “Receptor site blockade” which further blocks the effect of anticholinesterase agents such as organophosphates, mushroom poisoning (amatoxin) at muscarinic receptor sites contributing to its action.

7

Authors: Nikita Sharma

The normal life of human beings is disturbed because of increasing pollution, urbanization, improper food habits, stressful life style and change in climatic conditions. All these factors parallel the increase in respiratory allergy. Lakshana of Thamak Shwasa it is quite similar to that of Bronchial Asthma. Thamak Shwasa is one among five varieties of Shwasa characterized by Ati Teevra Shwasa, Kasa, Ghurghuraka Shabdha, Pinasa etc. It is Kapha Vata Pradhana Vyadhi. Basic line of treatment in Thamak Shwasa is Kapha Vata Hara, Ushna and Vata Anulomana. Pippalyadi Kshara Gutika is considered for conceptual study, that contains Pippali, Maricha, Guda, Yavakshara and Jambira Swarasa, which has main action of Vata Kapha Hara, Ushna and Vata Anulomana. The selected combination is supposed to be effective in disrupting the etiopathogenesis of Thamak Shwasa.

7

Authors: Bijita Chutia, Khagen Basumatary

In today’s era everybody is busy in his /her own work to achieve the goal of his /her life. Due to artificial lifestyle many people are suffering from various diseases. Medo vriddhi(Hyperlipidemia) is one of them & it is big challenge worldwide. Due to the lack of physical exercise, mental stress, overeating, sedentary lifestyle Medo vriddhi is commonly observed. The present study was carried out to assess the efficacy of Tryūṣṇādi Gana on Medo vriddhi (Hyperlipidemia). In entire study 90 patients were enrolled from OPD and IPD patients of Govt. Ayurvedic College & Hospital, Guwahati, Assam. Only Medo vriddhi subjects were selected by simple randomized method & others were excluded. In the management of medo vriddhi, many acharyas have mentioned various formulations among which we selected Tryūṣṇādi Gana for the study which was found to be very significant. All the patients were treated with Tryūṣṇādi Gana for 3 months with follow up after one month. Lipid profile was performed in all patients before & after treatment. Result of therapy was evaluated on the basis of improvement in symptom & biochemical parameter (lipid profile). All the concerned approvals were obtained and data was analyzed under statistical parameters. A significant reduction of cholesterol levels, Triglycerides, VLDL, CHO/HDL ratio and highly significant reduction of LDL and LDL/HDL ratio was found. This research also proved the major role of Agni and Ama in pathogenesis of Hyperlipidemia, and all the drugs having Dipana, Pachana, Ama nashaka, KaphaMedohara, and Srotoshodhaks quality will be highly effective. Conclusion of this study is Tryūṣṇādi Gana is effective on Medo vriddhi (Hyperlipidemia).

8

Authors: Angsumita Choudhury, Niten Barman

Ageing is a process of physical, psychological, and social change in multidimensional aspects. Osteoporosis is one such age-related (generally) metabolic bone disorder where there is loss of bone tissue and its association with deterioration in skeletal micro-architecture. Bone fragility and bone fracture are the worst outcomes, therefore, effective medical treatment and therapy are its utmost need. In Ayurveda, it is mentioned that in vardhakya avastha, all dhatus undergo kshaya leading to dhatukshaya janya vata prakopa samprapti which can be understood as involvement of vata dosha (entity responsible for all kinds of neurohoromonal activities in body) with ageing. Osteoporosis can be correlated with asthi sausirya (porosity of bones). Asthisausirya leads to asthikshaya. Vata vriddhi triggers Asthi kshaya because of a mutual bond held by both Ashrayashrayi bhava. In Charaka Samhita (chikista sthan ch.28), it is mentioned the usage of panchatikta dravya siddha ksheera basti (medicated enema) and sarpi in Asthi Vaha Srotodusti Chikitsa. Panchatikta ksheera ghrita is an ayurvedic preparation consisting of mainly five medicinal herbs having potency of increasing asthi dhatu (osteocytes) along with cow-milk and ghee. Following Ayurvedic principles, use of snehana dravyas (ghrita and milk) along with basti karma will pacify the vata involved in osteoporosis. As the tikta rasa-yukta dravya has property of kharata and soshana which are similar to property of asthi dhatu, so it reduces saushiryata (porosity) or kshaya of asthi dhatu by replenishing asthi dhatu. Ten patients who were diagnosed to be osteoporotic were taken into one experimental group, and one control group of 20 patients were taken. The treatment under experimental group is basti karma with panchatikta ksheera ghrita (72ml) for 14days and under control group, tab calcium500mg+vitD3 250mcg for 12weeks. Follow up was done during course of the treatment and after the completion of course. The treatment was more effective in the subjective parameters like low back ache (low thoracic and high lumbar vertebral pain), difficulty in walking, bone pain. Overall, the experimental group showed higher positive results. The drug may act as anti-oxidant, anti -inflammatory, anti-ageing. It can be treated easily in both OPD an IPD basis with zero surgical intervention, cost effective, no side effects and better outcomes.

8

Authors: Radhika Rani V, Gopikrishna S2 , Shashirekha K S4 and Nandesh Mohan P

Acute Bronchitis is an airway inflammatory disease. One of the causes for the progression of the disease is the secondary bronchi infections caused by the bacteria’s like Staphylococcus aureus. Kaphaja kasa is one of the most common disease affecting pranavaha srotas, and if mismanaged leads to swasa, kshaya etc. Tambula (piper betle.Linn) has numerous traditional uses for different ailments like oliguria, nervous disorders, headache, respiratory disorders, constipation, sore throat, wounds and boils. In the present study, GCMS analysis and action of aqueous extract of Tambula patra (piper betle.Linn) against Staphylococcus aureus derived from sputum of kaphaja kasa( Acute bronchitis) subjected to culture and sensitivity is evaluated. From the mean zone of inhibition, it is evident that aqueous extract of Tambula patra is having antimicrobial action against Staphylococcus aureus. Further it is evident that better sensitivity is observed in higher concentrations of aqueous extract of Tambula patra.

8

Authors: Dhatri Umraniya R, U. U. Zala

Context: Shankhapushpi being the best Medhya, has been used in many classical formulations as well as patent preparations for its Medhya property. Go-Ghrita is a well researched Medhya Dravya in Ayurvedic classics. Here is an attempt to compare the Medhya effect of Shankhapushpi Ghrita (Group A) with GoGhrita(Group B) in healthy individuals. Aim: To evaluate Medhya effect of Shankhapushpi Ghrita in healthy volunteers. Methods and Material: All the raw materials were procured from the departmental pharmacy and the research drug was manufactured in the departmental practical lab. Sixty subjects were randomly selected in each group. Duration of treatment was for 30 days. WMS assessment for memory was carried out on 0 day, 30th day and after 15 days during follow up. Statistical analysis used: The results were statistically analysed through Wilcoxon rank test, paired ‘t’ test and unpaired ‘t’ test Results: Group A showed improvement in WMS scale when compared to control group. Conclusions: The difference in results of group A and B was statistically significant. We may conclude that SG may have better nootropic effect.

9

Authors: Mamta Takhar, Shrinidhi Kumar Acharya

Liver disorders are among the most commonly encountered problems in childhood clinical practice. Although Jaundice has been considered as most common presenting symptom of liver disorders, many of the chronic presentations develop without jaundice along with growth failure as well as other constitutional symptoms. Liver being the major organ and biggest factory of body that carry on major metabolic functions related to protein, carbohydrate and fat metabolism of the body, hence play a vital role in maintaining homeostasis of the body. Moreover the healthy Liver is always responsible for maintaining body homeostasis. Ayurveda the ancient rich medical heritage of India explained the role of liver in maintaining Samyavastha or homeostasis of the body and Yakrit along with Pleeha has been considered as Moola of Raktavaha srotus. Meanwhile in Ayurveda Yakrita is always explained in association with Pleehaa and same is called as Yakrit-Pleeha complex, which is root of Raktavaha srotus. The combination of this dual organs helps to derive the concept of reticulo endothelial system and hemopoietic system in Ayurveda. Thus concept and importance of hepatobilliary system, reticulo-endothelial and hemopoietic system or Yakrit- Pleeha complex play a major role in maintaining the homeostasis of the body and same has been emphasized in Ayurveda. Classics also explained physiological and pathological consideration of Raktavaha-srotus with special emphasis on Reticuloendothelial and hemopoietic system of body. Thus present article is focused on the same concept in detail and its Ayurvedic parameters, symptomatology, Dosha and srotus wise evaluation of Yakrit- Pleehajanya disorders in relation to its diagnosis and management.

9

Authors: Abishek Bharadwaj B.U, Himani Rani2 , Prakash L.Hegde3 and Pradeep

Ikshu (Saccharum officinarum Linn.) is a very popular and widely grown crop. Ikshu is considered as one of the important Dravyas in Ayurveda which is used as both Aushadha and Ahara. A separate varga has been dedicated to Ikshu by Acharya Bhavamishra in his Bhavaprakasha Nighantu. Ikshu is used in its raw form as a juice and also its vikaras are used for its therapeutic values as a main drug or as an Anupana along with other drugs. Ikshu has Madhura rasa (Sweet taste), Guru (Heavy) Snigdha (Unctuous) Guna, Sheeta (Cold) virya and Madhura (Sweet) Vipaka. Ikshu is enriched with karmas like Mutrala (Diuretic), Dahaprashamana (Reduces burning sensation), Vrishya (Aphrodisiac) etc. Ikshu mainly is a Pittahara and acts on Mutravahasrotas. Ikshu is found to have many phytochemicals like Vitamin D, Phenolic compounds, Plant sterols and many more which are discovered in recent research studies. According to All India Coordinated Research Projects on Sugarcane [AICRP(S)] 116 varieties has been identified.Agricultural research has to be encouraged in order to develop more species with high therapeutically active principles.

11

Authors: Sree Maruthinandan P.V, Chetan. M2 and Samhita Ullod

Introduction:Charaka Samhita is a Sanskrit text on Ayurveda, which mainly deals with chikitsa(Treatment aspects) and it is written on the base of Trisutra(Hetu,Linga and Aushada). While reading the treatise one may feel difficulty in understanding the concepts or may feel loss of concentration. It is because lacking of understanding relation between the chapters. Each chapter of Charaka SamhitaNidanasthanaand Chikitsasthana is connected to preceding chapter as well as succeeding chapter. Objective:To establish the link for the chapters on Charaka Samhitha‟s NidanaSthana And ChikitsaSthana for the better rememberance of context and chapter. Results:This treatise was written based on Mythological story like JwaraVyadhi occurred due to the ferocious wrath of Rudra (Lord Shiva) , similarly it has been written based on Scientific background, numerological base etc. Conclusion: Chapters mentioned in the Nidanasthana and Chikitsasthana of charakasamhitha have a link between current chapters and preceding chapters and succeeding chapter, reader must know it for the better rememberance , understanding of concepts and this also creates interest in the readers.

11

Authors: Raj Kumar Jangir, Sachin Sharma2 , Ashok Kumar Regar3 , Kshipra Rajoria4 , Sarvesh Kumar Singh

The Medial Epicondyle Tendinopathy commonly known as Golfer‟s elbow develops due to repetitive injury and inflammation, as well as microscopic degenerative changes in the Flexor-pronator tendon. This is a very painful condition and may result in restriction and painful movements of the affected arm. Treatments such as NSAIDs, steroid injections, physiotherapy, and exercise are used for getting symptomatic relief. None of these, however, yield adequate results. After being used for a long time, NSAIDs and steroid injections might have adverse side effects. The Golfer‟s elbow, based on clinical appearance can be correlated to Snayugata Vata in Ayurveda. Snayugata Vata is a condition that is described under Vatavyadhi in Ayurvedic texts and it arises primarily due to vitiation of the Vata Dosha and there may also be Anubandha (association) of Kaptha Dosha. Threfore, the Ayurvedic treatment principles such as Agnikarma, Snehna, Swedana, Upnaha, Bastikarma, Mridushodhana etc. described under Vatavyadhi Chikitsa can yield better results with minimal adverse effects. In this article, an attempt is made to review the concept and management principles of Medial Epicondyle Tendinopathy in Ayurvedic prospective.