International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharmaceutical Chemistry

5

Authors: Sharon Sebastian, Suchetha Kumari2 and Arpana Jain

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy typified by oligoovulation or anovulation, signs of excess androgen and multiple small ovarian cysts. There is no direct reference for the condition in Ayurvedic classics but can be correlated to artavavyapaths like nashtartava, artava kshaya and yonivyapaths like vandyayonivyapath and Pushpaghni Jathaharini explained by Achaya Kashyapa. It remains as a challenge to select a treatment which is safe, non- hormonal and effective against the associated symptoms. This study is designed with an objective to analyse the effect of Chitrakagranthikadhi kashaya3 and Nashtapushpanthaka rasa4 in PCOS. After the study duration, it was found that the patients were having significant relief in their disturbed menstrual parameters. A considerable reduction in the volume of the ovaries were also seen after the treatment. One patient got conceived during the follow up period. The intervention is beneficial in treating PCOS. The study can be conducted in a large sample size for a longer duration to see the accurate efficacy of the drug.

5

Authors: Krishnapriya S, GazalaHussain2 and Anu Robert

Ayurveda is an ancient healthcare system with eight specialties. Agada tantra is a specialized branch of ayurveda that offers meticulously detailed information about animate and inanimate poisons and methods of eliminating these poisons from the body. Many formulations have been explained in the samhitas (treatise of Ayurveda) for the management of poisons. Herbal, mineral, and herbo-mineral preparations are used to treat visha. Haratala (Arsenic trisulphide) is one of the mineral used in formulations of agada tantra. In this article a review has been done through the bruhathrayee (treatise of Ayurveda) to find out the agada yogas which contain Haratala.

6

Authors: Mahender Kumar, Shrikanta Kumar Panda

Ayurveda focus more on prevention of diseases than treatment. Aahar (diet) and dincharya (ideal life-style) are two important principles described as to prevention. Cancer is responsible for a large no of morbidity and mortality in the world, responsible for new cases of about 18.1 million and death of about 9.6 million in 2018 according to WHO and a lot of evidence suggests that major responsible causes of cancers are life style factors, physical inactivity, refined sugar, the typical high fat and smoking. However, 30 -35% of the cancer cases can be prevented by a healthy life style and diet according to the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF). Cancer can be managed through diet because they are the source of important physiologically functional components. According to scientific observations research dietary supplement helpful to prevent breast cancer recurrences. Fibers, which is the main dietary components, having antineoplastic functions, due to its unique properties it is recognized as treatment of cancer. Antioxidant rich diet is required for the prevention of cancer. It has been observed that by healthy Aahar (diet) and dincharya (ideal life-style) i.e., reducing alcohol consumption, nonsmoking, physical activity and weight control and, breast-feeding and a plant-based diet can avoid half of the cancer.

6

Authors: Prasanna N Mogasale, Aswathy P M2 and Nagaraj S

Central Cord Syndrome is the most frequently encountered form of cervical spinal cord injury which can be found in persons of any age. It is characterized by disproportionately greater motor impairment in upper extremities than lower extremities and variable degree of sensory loss below the level of injury in combination with bladder dysfunction and urinary retention. There is no satisfactory treatment available in western medicine for this condition. As per Ayurveda it can be considered as Krikatika marmabhighatajanya sarvangavata. Krikatika marmabhighata,is characterised by loss of movement below neck region.Here is a case of 41 year old male patient who had reduced strength and sensation of both lower limbs (left > right) and unable to walk without support was treated with Ayurvedic oral medications and Panchakarma procedures. The case study demonstrates that Central Cord Syndrome may be successfully managed with Ayurvedic treatment.

6

Authors: P. Hemantha Kumar, Indrabir Mishra

Ayurveda provides a description of every aspect of sickness and life. Under the concept of Janpadodhwamsa Acharya mentioned four essential factors, i.e. Vayu (air), Jala (water), Desha (land) and Kaala (season) and their abnormal alteration which causes adverse effect not only individual living beings but also a whole community. Adharm (immorality) is the foremost cause of Janpadodhwansa and today humans forget all their responsibility for nature and committing misdeed in the form of Adharm regarding nature. In the context of the present, all these mentioned changes are visible and peoples are being affected by them. A similar situation also occurs in epidemics and pandemics. In the present review article primarily focussed on to understand the concept of Janpadodhwansa and its cause in current scenario.

6

Authors: Byresh A, Ashwini N

The waste generated in a health care setup is termed as Bio-Medical Waste. Its Management becomes necessary & important owing to the risk it poses to the environment if not handled properly. It is important to identify, segregate and dispose Bio Medical Waste. The Bio-Medical Waste generated in an Ayurveda Hospital is totally different from the waste generated from an Allopathy Hospital. BMWM rules 2016 emphasis on safe segregation, collection, storage & disposal of Bio Medical Waste. Owing to the type of waste generated in an Ayurveda Hospital it becomes important to analyse, segregate & safely dispose the same inculcating BMWM rules 2016. Panchakarma Treatment forms the integral part of Ayurveda, hence it necessary to understand the waste generated, segregation and its disposal. The waste generated during various treatment is critically analysed and the use of various colour coded bags to be used for the same is identified.

7

Authors: Ramitha Mundkur, Veerakumara

Prameha is considered as one among ashta mahagada and is described in all the classics of ayurveda, in the modern parlance it can be considered as Diabetes mellitus. India is emerging as the diabetes capital of the world, due the sedentary life style, lack of exercise, improper diet habits and stress are few among many reasons for diabetes, which in our literature can be understood as santarpanjanya nidana's that result in prameha.

7

Authors: Swati Malsariya, K Bharathi2 and B Pushpalatha

Normal vaginal delivery or Sukhaprasava is a natural way of giving birth to a healthy fetus by a healthy mother without any external medical or surgical intervention. This is the ultimate aim of every pregnancy. But now a day the rate of unnatural child birth over natural child birth is going to rise. But there are many demerits of unnatural deliveries like risk of anesthesia drugs, wound infection, greater blood loss, increase hospital stay with longer recovery period, delayed lactation which affects bond formation between mother and newborn, many respiratory problems in newborn as born unnaturally and many more. For promoting natural vaginal deliveries some intervention is well accepted before the onset of labor which having no any negative impact over mother and her baby. Ayurveda provides a regime for having normal vaginal delivery or Sukhaprava during ninth month of gestation. It includes Matrabasti and Yonipichu with oil medicated with sweetened drug or madhuraaushadha. Among the list madhuraaushadha Bala (Sida cordifolia) can be selected to prepare medicated oil for Matrabasti and Yonipichu. As this drug is also mentioned under balya, brimhaniya and prajasthapanamahakashaya thus provide strength to uterus at the time to labor. Bala is also ojovardhaka in nature thus help the parturient women to tolerate stress and pain at the time of labor. Bala having many more such qualities which makes it most preferable aushadha to be used during ninth month regime for Matrabasti and Yonipichu which is further described under this paper.

7

Authors: Ved Prakash, Deepti Parashar2 and Sangeeta

Astrology has a thousand-year history in India. It provides a greater understanding of planetary impacts on human beings, as well as an intricate component of a person's day-to-day life and their relationship with destiny. Astrology knowledge is valuable. It is included in VEDAS, which were passed down to us by past sages through their intuitive understanding. Astrology is a science based on information about the movements of planetary systems such as planets and stars. An astrologer does nothing more than analyze the effects of these motions on people's lives. Astrology is the study of the stars. The Sciences of the Stars this is known as Jyothisham in Sanskrit, which means "LIGHT SCIENCE." Ayurveda is a Science of Life conveyed to us through VEDAS for the purpose of maintaining good health. This is essentially a method of holistic treatment which derives its power from the understanding the enormous influence of the nature holds on human beings and aims at eradication of human sufferings both physical and mental through the products of nature. Astrology and Ayurveda are branches of the same tree, and when used together, they produce greater results. The mental and emotional parts of the birth chart are revealed, which provides a good indication for the diagnosis of most ailments. Exercises aid in the development of physical strength, prayers aid in the development of inner mental power, and astrology aids in the development of confidence in divinity and nature.

8

Authors: Malavi Shayan, Praveen Kumar H

Objectives: To review the drug combination and contra-indications as per Rastantrasaara va Siddha Prayoga Sangraha & to analyze and discuss the importance of drug combinations and contra-indications as per ayurvedic classics. Data Source: The data was collected from Rastantrasaar Sangraha va Siddha Prayoga Sangraha authored by Thakur Nathu Singh Ji. Methods: Although many classical texts contain descriptions of formulations & their utilization, ayurvedic practitioners often modify them to suit the individual constitution. Drugs of different origins are mixed in various proportions to increase their potency and to obtain few other advantages. Here, an attempt is made to familiarize the ayurvedic practitioners regarding the classical details of Drug indication, Combinations, Contra-indications & their general usage. Results: Any formulation which flushes out morbid doshas completely from the body, is considered an ideal formulation even if it is teekshna in nature. Conclusion: Proper drug at the precise dose by the accurate route at the correct time for the right person will always provide beneficial effects.

8

Authors: Ekta, Soni Kapil

Background: Infertility is one of the major issues which has altered the mankind for lack of conception due to stressful work environment, hormonal imbalance, genetic factors, unhealthy changing lifestyle, anxiety resulting in massive personal suffering and psychosomatic distress to the patient. Classical Ayurvedic texts,Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita ,Rasaratna Samucchya, ,Harita Samhita have described types of Bandhyatva. Acharya Sushruta described four essential factors i.e. Ritu, Kshetra, Ambu,Beeja for conception. Bandhyatva (Infertility) refers to the biological inability of a woman of reproductive age to conceive and also the state of woman who is unable to carry pregnancy to full term. Here a case study of patient suffering from infertility has been presented. Aim & Objective: The present study is an effort to understand the disease according to Ayurvedic principles & to evaluate the role of safer and cost effective Ayurvedic management modalities in infertility. Materials &Methods: Patient with age 24 years with 4 years active married life having normal menstrual cycles. The probable cause was found after routine examinations of both partners having recurrent genital tract infections and reduced sperm count& quality in husband visiting the OPD of PTSR of RGGPGA College, Paprola. Lahsuna kalpa was administered for 9 days to both the partners after clearance of menses of female. Results: Patient had conceived after the use of Lashuna Kalpa. Conclusion: Hence it has been concluded that Lashuna kalpa can be practiced as a line of treatment for infertility by Ayurvedic gynecologists which needs further research in large sample to establish.

9

Authors: Kshama Kulkarni, Rakesh Mishra2 , Ankita Mishra3 and I B Kotturshetti

Motherhood is the most gracious phase in every woman’s life. It brings about physical, physiological, emotional changes to the body. In this phase the body needs extra care for a pregnant woman herself, developing fetus, and birth outcomes as well. Although it is a beautiful process, pregnancy may have numerous complications like intrauterine growth retardation, pregnancy induced hypertension and pre-term delivery etc. that can affect both the mother and fetus. Yoga comprises stretching exercises, physical postures, breathing techniques and meditation which minimizes the pregnancy complication provides a great range of activity and benefits to mother, unborn child in various ways. A regular yoga practice during pregnancy can improve birth weight, reduces pre-term labor, decreased IUGR with less or no complications resulting in healthy pregnancy. This paper reviews about the types of Yogasana, Pranayama, and Mudra that are beneficial for women in all the stages of pregnancy.

9

Authors: Veena G Rao, Shalini C2 and Manasa S D

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is one of the common inherited neuropathies, caused due to mutations of the genes that produce proteins that are involved in the structure and function of either the peripheral nerve axon or the myelin sheath. Its clinical presentation comprises of toe walking, pes cavus, claw hand, waddling gait, foot drop, absent or decreased deep tendon reflexes, nerve hypertrophy and loss of touch sensation predominantly in feet and legs. Prevalence rate is 1 in 2,500 individuals and it is associated with duplication (in 90%) of 17p11.2 (Hemizygous duplication). This can be correlated with Sarvanga Roga in Ayurveda. Here is a study of 24 years old male patient who is a known case of Charcot Marie Tooth disease complaining gradual onset of weakness in both lower limbs below the knee, foot and in both arms and hands since childhood, associated with thinning of distal muscles, difficulty in walking and muscular pain over the limbs and stiffness over joints. Considering these symptoms, case was diagnosed as Sarvanga Roga and treated using Ayurvedic principles. The Panchakarma therapies including Bahirparimarjana Chikitsa, Basti Karma along with Shamana Aushadhis has showed a sustainable improvement.

10

Authors: Arun Kumar M, Silviniya Anitharaj Fernandes2 , Mamatha KV3 , Prasanna N Mogasale4 and Nagaraj S

Now a days along with change in lifestyle, menstrual irregularities have become common, impairing the quality of life of a woman. Asrigdara is a disease of artava vyapath manifested by the dosha prakopa with rakta dushti primarily in artavaha srotas, characterised by dirana (excessive excretion) of asrik (menstrual blood). It refers to all types of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB). In order to accept AUB universally, a newer classification of system was introduced known as “PALM-COEIN”. All acharyas have given much priority to rakta dhatu in causing the disease, because of the involvement of rakta in most of the diseases in comparison with other dhatus. Hence, an attempt has been made to study and expand the shonitadushti nidana in asrigdara.

10

Authors: Radhakrishna Reddy D, Shivalingappa J Arakeri2 and Ravi R Chavan

Introduction: The disease Bhagandara is included as one among the Ashtamahagadas. It is one of the most common diseases pertaining to ano-rectal region. The literal meaning of Bhagandara is daarana which is splitting up/bursting up of pakwa pidaka in the bhaga, guda, basti pradesha results in the formation of a communicating tract, thus causing discomfort to the patient. Up to 26.5% recurrence rate, 40% of high risk of impaired continence and 5.6% non-healing of the wound were reported after surgical treatment. To overcome these lacunae the Ksharasutra ligation procedure has been adopted. The advantages of this procedure are; It is cost effective, needs minimal hospitalization and has least adverse effects. This can be employed efficiently in both high and low anal fistulae. This type of therapy is considered as a minimal invasive parasurgical measure at global level. Apamarga Kshara Sutra is standardized one, and effectively used. But pain and burning sensation during the treatment is a very often complaint of the patient and availability of Apamarga is also difficult throughout the year as Apamarga is seasonal plant in order to overcome these disadvantages, exploration of new plants for the preparation of Kshara Sutra hence in the present study Apamarga is replaced with Tilanala. Aims and objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of Tilanala Ksharasutra in the management of Bhagandara w.s.r to Fistula-in-Ano. Materials and Methods: 30 patients diagnosed with Bhagandara were randomly grouped into 2 groups with 15 patients in each group. Group A was treated with Tilanala Ksharasutra followed by Betadine 10% solution infiltration, Group B was treated with Tilanala Ksharasutra without Betadine 10% solution infiltration both were clinically evaluated. Results: Assessment of Pain, Discharge, Itching, length of the tract in Group A showed 97.23%, 100%, 100%, 100% improvement and in Group B 97.46%, 100%, 95.85%, 100% improvement respectively. Mean UCT of Group A was 6.96 days/cm and Group B was 7.57 days/cm with p value >0.05 which is not significant which shows that Tilanala kshara sutra is effective in the management of Bhagandara. Conclusion: Tilanala kshara sutra is much effective in the management of Bhagandara.

12

Authors: Nirmal Krishnan R, Ahalya S2 and S M Pasha

Eyes are most significant among the sense organs which reflects the beauty and health of an individual. Disturbances of vision directly or indirectly affects the normal functioning of other senses too. Prevention of eye diseases and maintaining the ocular health in this era is of prime importance. Especially during this pandemic period, the digital screen time has increased drastically due to the online classes, work from home etc. and thus induces stress and strain to the eyes. This augments the occurrence of various visual disturbances and other ocular diseases such as myopia, dry eye syndrome etc. Ayurveda, the science of life always offers prime importance to the prevention of diseases before their manifestation. Ancient sages described Dinacharya, Rtu charya, Pathyahara-vihara, Rasayana etc. for the maintenance of ocular health. Various yogasanas and techniques like trataka can also be practiced in this time, which will help in preserving normal functioning of the eyes. Following an Ayurvedic way of life during this pandemic period can effectively reduce the impact of eye diseases and maintain the ocular wellbeing.

13

Authors: Hemant Upadhyay, Akashdeep A Meshram

There are eight variants of congenital deformities (Astha Nindita Purusha). Individuals with these eight types of malformations are morphologically or genetically abnormal, as it conclude that people suffer from a wide variety of diseases and are difficult to treat because they are treatable with high risk (yapya / krachha sadhya) or incurable (asadhya). But now a days these Ashta Nindita Purusha are getting relevant treatment according to their disease and condition. There are many diseases that can be included in this category, which are not categorized in Ayurveda. There need of understanding Nindita Purusha based on their morphological abnormalities like Trisomy, Gynecomastia, Progeria, Poliomyelitis, Congenital physical disability etc. that can be included that but not included yet. So, an effort has been done to understand the diseases along with its pathologies that can be included as Nindita Purusha and its importance in present era.

15

Authors: Hareendran Nair J, Kasthuri Nair A2 , Arun Pratap3 , Arjun Chand CP4 , Aswathy RS5 , Nisha MG6 and Shan Sasidharan

Fever is the most common manifestation of infection and refers to a core temperature of greater than 100.4°F (38.0°C), which occurs due to an increase in hypothalamic ‘set point’ for temperature. Respiratory tract infection refers to any kind of infection especially bacterial or viral involving the respiratory tract. There is no direct explanation regarding virus, viral fever, and associated respiratory tract infections in Ayurvedic classics. The basic concepts of which were taken from Jwara (fever) and Kasa (cough) Prakarana (chapter). Viral fever can be considered as Abhishanga Jwara, a type of Agantu (caused by external factors) Jwara which is caused by Bhutadi (microorganisms) and is Sannipathika (vitiation of three Dosha) in nature. Respiratory tract infections are due to exposure to Agantu factors like Rajas (dust), Dhooma (fumes), and they are mostly Kapha Vata Pradhana Sannipathika in nature. This review is an attempt to understand viral fever and viral infections of respiratory tract through Ayurvedic principles and thereby utilizing the preventive and curative principles mentioned in Dinacharya (daily regimen), Ritucharya (seasonal regimen), Jwara, Kasa and Swasa (breathing disorders) for the preventive and management aspects of the emerging deadly viral infections.