International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharmaceutical Chemistry

4

Authors: Sreekala Vijayan, Amritha Aravind2 and Ashwinkumar S Bharathi

That part of the body which is elevated is termed as shotha (edema).It is also known as shopha or shvayathu.It is a very common symptom and accompanies a majority of diseases.It has been given outmost importance and a whole chapter in charakasamhita, discuss about Shothachikitsa (treatment for edema). Most of the acharyas consider visha (poison) to be one of the nidana (etymology) for shotha (edema). But vishajashotha has also been explained as a type of shotha (edema) in Madhava Nidana. In this article, vishajashotha along with its management has been briefed.

5

Authors: Suresh Kumar

Dysmenorrhoea is defined as painful menstruation so as to incapacitate day to day activities. A systematic review of studies in developing countries performed by Harlow and Campbell has revealed that about 25-50% of adult women and about 75% of adolescents experience pain during menstruation. Not less than 50% of women are said to experience some discomfort in relation to menstruation, and 5-10% of girls in their late teens and early twenties are incapacitated for several hours each month. Estimates vary widely because of difference in the criteria of dysmenorrhoea and because most investigations concern only one section of the community. The incidence of dysmenorrhoea is affected by social status, occupation and age, so groups of school girls, college students, factory workers, and women members of armed forces each provide different statistics. It has been seen in gynecological practice that patient with udavertini yonivyapad may be associated with the primary dysmenorrhoea. Charaka says that due to movement of flatus etc. natural urges in reverse direction, the aggravated vayu (apan vayu) moving in reverse direction fills yoni (uterus).This yoni (uterus) seized with pain, initially throws or pushes the raja (menstrual blood) upwards, then discharge it with great difficulty. The lady feels relief immediately following discharge of menstrual blood. Since in this condition the raja moves upwards or in reverse direction, hence, it is termed as udavartini.

6

Authors: Avni Parmar, Swati Bedekar2 and Nimesh Ka.Patel

Lifestyle disorder refers to a lifestyle-related disease and community-related conditions that increase or decrease health risks. Human life is very stressful in the present. Lifestyle disorders are mainly caused by poor diet (often sugar and fatty foods) and diet, lack of exercise (lifestyle), bad habits such as drinking alcohol, smoking, uncontrolled cravings, late sleep, daytime sleepiness and depression. Life is defined as the physical and mental capacity to perceive the needs of daily life. Yoga is the best option to prevent and manage lifestyle disorders, in particular, the effect of adoption to achieve work-related stress. The various forms of Yoga work on the principles of proper rest, proper exercise, proper smell - breathing, proper nutrition, beautiful wibes and meditation. Various routes such as Dincharya (daily type), Ritucharya (annual medicine), Rasayana treatment (rehabilitation), Sadvritta (appropriate rules and regulations) and Achara Rasayana (ethical) and Yogic practices are essential for maintaining a healthy lifestyle. psychological.

6

Authors: Rachna Jain, Shraddha Sharma

In Ayurveda along with Vata, Pitta, Kapha Doshas, Sukshma jantu (microorganism) are also supposed to be responsible for creating disease. Description regarding the management of krimi is available since Vedic period. Helminthic infestations contribute significantly to global burden of disease especially in tropical and subtropical region. Krimi have large variation in size complex life cycle and migratory habits with in their host and these account for an estimated billion infection each year. This clinical study has been carried out to study the effect of Vachadi Churna and Krimighna Basti on intestinal worms. In Group Vachadi Churna was administered to 25 patients whereas in Group B Krimighna Basti along with Vachadi Churna was administered to 25 patients. 65.61% and 80.90 % significant relief in symptoms was observed in both Groups respectively.

6

Authors: Santosh G. Girbide, Namrata U Kulkarni2 , Savita R Gudade3 , Milind Kamble4 and Sandeep Kale

Communication of every element with each other, transportation of each Bhava padartha i.e body element, transformation of every element into different forms all these functions are carried out by millions of channels or pathways present in our body termed as Strotasas. Annavaha strotasa is an essential strotasa as the major body function of digestion of food is carried out here. The conversion of food into sharir dhatus is initially carried out in Annavaha strotasa. Strotas-Parikshan is seldom tool to procure detail knowledge about physiological and pathological state of any strotasa. It also helps to understand severity of the disease. This article specifically focuses on detail study of Annavaha strotas, its pathological conditions. It also explains in detail the ayurvedic way that includes trividh pariksha, ashtavidh pariksha and examination from and modern point of view as well describing abdominal examination, lab investigations, etc.

7

Authors: Anita Choudhary

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become an expanding global health problem widespread among all the socioeconomic groups, leading to various complications such as nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy which are responsible for morbidity and mortality. Ayurvedic approach to pathogenesis of Prameha can provide solution in managing the incidence of diabetes among population by using various preparations. This is a case study of newly diagnosed Prameha (type 2 diabetes mellitus) patient treated completely using Ayurvedic principles. In the present case report, a 54-year-old female patient was treated with Nishakatakaadi Kwath and Chandraprabha Vati. After 2 months of strict Ayurveda protocol which basically included Shamana therapy, the fasting blood sugar (202mg/dl initially then reduced to 84mg/dl post treatment) and Post Prandial sugar level (From 327mg/dl initially then to 96mg/dl after treatment) decreased profoundly. The present study indicates that the Nishakatakaadi Kwath and Chandraprabha Vati are effective in the treatment of Prameha (Diabetes).

7

Authors: Shravani R. Babar, Ramchandra P. Babar

Hospital Acquired Infection (HAI) are occurring commonly because of lack of cleaning or lack of effective disinfectant that can kill all the micro-organisms which spread through hospital environment. K.Pneumonie is very commonly found organisms in hospital environment and can be spread through person to person. Arishta Dhoopana Yoga is a Dhoopana yoga described by Acharya Kashyapa in Kashyap samhita dhoopkalpadhya to kill Rakshasa (Krumi, microorganisms), it is a herbal preparation of Nimba, with antimicrobial effect, easy for preparation, cost effective dhoopana yoga (fumigation agent). Arishta Dhoopan Yoga fumigation showed significant antimicrobial activity as good as formalin fumigation. Herbal fumigation (Arishta Dhoopan Yoga) is best possible and cost effective infection control measure for some specific microorganism (K.Pneumoniae). Herbal fumigation (ArishtaDhoopan Yoga) has no hazardous effects on human body. So, this Herbal fumigation (Arishta Dhoopan Yoga) can be considered for routine hospital fumigations. Fumigation effect of Arishta Dhoopan Yoga and Formalin were compared on K. pneumoniae. (Prepared in the form of agar slant) sprayed glass experimental chambers of 1M3 . The colony forming units (CFUs) of K. pneumoniae by taking swabs for the culture, before fumigation (at 0 Minute) and after fumigation (at 30 minutes, 3 Hours) were recorded. The observations of each group and intra group were compared. Significant results were noted in CFUs after fumigation in each group. Arishta Dhoopan Yoga showed significant effect after fumigation.

7

Authors: MD Haidar, Sarwar Hussain Ansari2 and Rajarshi Chaudhuri

Cerebral Palsy (CP) is the primary cause of incapacity affecting function and development in childhood. In India approximate incidence of cerebral palsy is around 3 per 1000 live births. It is a non-progressive neuromotor disorder of cerebral origin. It includes different variety of clinical features of various etiology and severity starting from slight disability to absolute handicap. It is typically caused by an injury to the brain before, during or after birth, however there could be no obvious single reason. Although clinical features of CP changes from individual to individual but all person with CP have difficulties with movement and posture. Many also have related conditions such as intellectual disability, seizures, problems with vision, hearing, or speech, changes in the vertebrae (such as scoliosis), or joint problems (such as contractures). Considering all these characteristic features, Cerebral Palsy can be correlated to Vatavyadhi, that may manifest as such in any form like ekangavata, sarvangavata, pakshaghata, pangu, kampavata etc. Although Cerebral Palsy cannot be treated, treatment will generally enhance a child’s abilities. Swedana (sudation) is the therapy that relieves the Stambha (Stiffness) of the body, mitigate feeling of Guruta (Heaviness) and Sheeta (feeling of cold). Shashtika Shali Pinda Sweda comes under the category of Saagni Sweda with Snigdha Dravya as milk and Shali Dhanya (rice harvested in 60 days). It has Snigdha, Guru, Sthira, Sheeta, Tridoshaghna and Brimhana guna (nourishing properties). In this article, an attempt has been made to search the research conducted on Shashtika Shali Pinda Sweda to establish its role in Cerebral Palsy.

8

Authors: Rahul Parashar, Abhimanyu Kumar2 , Pramod Kumar Mishra2 and Brahmanand Sharma

The new infection, a worldwide danger brought about by novel Corona virus or COVID-19 was first found in December 2019 in the Chinese city of Wuhan. The proof from investigations of cases was that COVID-19 contamination caused gentle infection in about 80% of cases and most cases recuperate, 14 % had more serious sickness and 6% experience basic illness2 . It was accounted for that more seasoned men with clinical comorbidities were bound to get tainted and that too with more awful results. Extreme cases could even prompt heart injury, respiratory disappointment, intense respiratory pain condition and death3 . There was no treatment and prevention available and there was no pre-existing resistance in the population. The only way for breaking the disease transmission was quarantine of the healthy people and isolation of the infected. In India the Govt. of India started the full nationwide Lock down from 25 march 2020 for 21 days and extended it to 31 may 2020 in four phases. Phase 5 was running from 1 June 2020 only at contentment zones4 . While from 8 th June 2020 unlock one was started5 . During this period so many restrictions were started on human life. So, the daily routine of most of the people was locked or transformed. In this concern so many health challenges and changes were happened with unknowing the results of them. A study on impact of COVID-19 lockdown on physiological health, economy and social life of people in Jodhpur was done. A study was conducted by Dr Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Rajasthan Ayurveda university Jodhpur in 2020, found that 53.8% of respondents rated the physiological impact of the outbreak as moderate or severe. Female gender, student status, specific physical symptoms (e.g., myalgia, dizziness, coryza), as well as the poor self-rated health status were significantly associated with psychological impact of the outbreak and higher levels of stress, anxiety and depression. Specific up-to-date and accurate health information (e.g., treatment, local outbreak situation) and particular precautionary measures (e.g., hand hygiene, wearing a mask) were also related with a lower physiological impact of the outbreak and lower levels of stress, anxiety, and depression.

8

Authors: Devendra Kumar, Shrinidhi Kumar K

Cerebral palsy is a brain disease with non-progressive degeneration of brain tissues. Spastic cerebral palsy accounts for a major portion of CP with incidence between 60% -70% of all cerebral palsy case. Various Panchakarma procedures like Snehana (body massage with medicated oil), Swedana, Udwartana (medicated powder massage), Shirodhara, Lepa and Basti (oil and decoction enemas) etc are found to be beneficial in the management of hypertonicity in children. All these Panchakarma procedures improve flexibility of joints, improves circulation and reduces pain. It improves gross as well as fine motor functions, provides nourishment, improves overall general condition and quality of life in children with hypertonicity.

8

Authors: Shail Bala Mehar, Chandan Singh2and Renu Sharma

Ayurveda has given emphasis to various diseases, mutraghata is one of them. Mutraghta is a condition in consequence with some kind of obstructive uropathy either mechanical or functional, reassembling in to either partial or complete retention of urine. The twelve types of mutraghata (urine retention) are classified in Ayurveda classical text books. Being urinary system responsible for homeostasis of fluids in the body it also detoxifies the body by eliminating certain waste products through urine. When diseased, people produce symptoms such as, increased or decreased urine production, painful micturition, formation of stones, and thereby obstructed micturition, increased frequency of micturition which can be correlated to Muttraghata in Ayurveda. In Ayurveda, there are many herbs with varied actions specifically aimed at mitigating urinary system disorders. Acharya charak has explained about mutravirechaniye mahakashya in charak Samhita. Which is used to increase the formation of urine and these drugs are used for the treatment of urine retention which forms the major clinical feature of renal or urinary calculi, burning micturition, scanty urine and oliguria.

9

Authors: Renu Sharma, Anita Sharma2 , Shailbala Mehar3 and Pooja

Early aging refers to a condition in which physical changes occur significantly earlier than the natural stages of the body. In the current era changes in our lifestyle, environmental disaster, pollution, war or conflict, over-emotional and stress, high intake of fast-food, lack of physical activity leads to premature ageing. Skin wrinkles, dry skin and weak or unhealthy looking nails, Stiff joints, mild aching (especially in the legs and feet),tired & poor memory, grey hair or hair loss, insomnia, Sluggish bowel movements, bloating, hypertension, heart stroke, atherosclerosis etc. these are the symptoms of early ageing. In ayurvedic classics the importance of dincharya i.e. daily regimen which is said by the Sages for human being to be prevent early ageing and enhance longevity. To prevent early ageing and enhance longevity Dincharya (Daily routine) procedures like brahmmuhurta jagaran, malotsarg vidhi, dantdhavan, jihva nirlekhan, anjan, nasya, kavla, dhumrapana, abhangya, vyayam, udwartan, snana etc. are gives in details along with their indication, benefits, procedure, role in current scenario and time also when to use them. Hence, this paper will give you an idea of how to prevent or even reverse signs of early ageing through dincharya (daily routine).

10

Authors: Neetu Sharma, Suresh Kumar

Acharyas described the disease (Sandhigata vata) as name of Sandhigatanile with symptoms of Shotha (edema), Vatapurnadritisparsha (on palpation revealed as air filled bag) and pain with Prasarana and Akunchana (movement).In old age, all Dhatus undergo Kshaya (degeneration), Thus leading to Vataprakopa and making individual prone to many diseases. Among them Sandhigata Vata (Osteoarthritis) stands top in the list. Having the symptoms like pain, swelling, crepitus and restricted joint movements. Ayurveda highlighted degenerative diseases under the concepts like “Dhatu Saithilyam” and “Dhatu Kshayam”. Sandhigata Vata is one of such disease, which needs a specific target of therapeutic intervention to check or slow down the process of "DhatuKshaya" and to pacify Vata. It limits everyday activities such as walking, dressing, bathing etc., thus making individual handicapped. We can correlate Sandhigata Vata with osteoarthritis (OA) on the basis of clinical features. According to data produced by the Dutch institute for Public Health, The prevalence of Knee OA in those aged 55 and above was 15.6% in men and 30.5% in women, respectively. Panchtikta Guggulu Ghrita may be effective in the management of Sandhivata (Osteoarthritis).

10

Authors: Upasna, O P Singh2 , Shweta Shukla3 , Deshraj Singh4 , Vishal Saxena5 and Sarita Yadav

Background: Hypertension is an important problem in the scenario of public health, owing to its more prevalence. Nearly 7.1 million lives are lost every year due to poor control of Hypertension. Hypertension is also known as “Silent Killer” of mankind because most sufferers (85%) are asymptomatic and as per available reports, in more than 95% cases of Hypertension, underlying causes are not found. The present study was carried out with an objective to find an alternative, reliable, safe and cost effective treatment for Hypertension and to study the etiopathogenesis of Hypertension in terms of Ayurveda. Study design: The study was “Single Blind Study” conducted on 60 patients of Essential Hypertension of either sex. Patients were randomly recruited to two Groups (30 each). In Group A, patients were subjected through an Ayurvedic formulation prepared in the form of Vati with ingredients as Jatamansi, Arjuna, Gokshura, Mandukparni, Sarpagandha and Tagara. In Group B patient were subjected through Amlodipine (5mg). Results: We can conclude that the overall effect of Group A (Ayurvedic formulation) was better in relieving the symptoms of Hypertension than that of Group B (Amlodipine). While in reducing Systolic Blood Pressure, Diastolic Blood Pressure and Mean Arterial Pressure both Groups shows highly significant result. Discussion: All the ingredients of self formulated drug (Vati) basically have Hridaya, Medhya, Mutrala, Vata Anulomaka, Nidrajanana and Raktadabashamaka effect. Almost all the drugs have Tridoshahara properties. The preparation mainly has Tikta Kashaya Pradhana Rasa, Laghu, Snighda Guna, Sheeta Virya, Katu Vipaka which helps in management of Hypertension. Conclusion: The overall effect of Group A was better than Group B in relieving the symptoms while the effect of both groups in controlling Blood Pressure was similar. Moreover, no side effects were observed in patients during and after the treatment so, it can be concluded that the patients of Hypertension can be managed effectively by Ayurveda without fear of side effects as seen in Anti-hypertensive drugs.

10

Authors: Pooja Upadhyay, Kirti Sharma2 , S. R. Inchulkar3 and Yuvraj Kaushik

Agada tantra is the branch of Ashtanga Ayurveda, which was developed in ancient time. Agada tantra is the system of knowledge for conquering poisons. In ancient times most of the poisoning was from poisonous snake bites. Therefore learning about treatment of poisoning is a good way towards service to the public health. Acharya Charaka has explained twenty-four modalities of treatment which are to be employed while treating poison cases according to the need. Chaturvinshati upakramas are unique in the management of poisons. It can be seen that most of them are based on same principle of modern medicine. Chathurvinshathi upakramas is common for all types of Visha i.e., Sthaavara, Jangama, Gara, Dooshi visha etc. In most of the cases Upakramas should be selected by the physician on the basis of the type of Visha Prakruti (constitution), Saatmya (compatibility), Ritu(season), Desha (place), Vega(impulse) and Balaabala (strength and weakness of both the patient and poison). On detail study & after comparison, it was found that these 24 modalities of treatment are complete in terms of treatment of poisoning.

12

Authors: Narayan Pandey, Anita Sharma2 and Shankar Gautam

Poisoning being the major health problem in modern era which is increasing day by day. There are different sources from where people are consuming poison directly or indirectly. Now a days poisoning is found everywhere, like junk food with chemical preservatives, different kinds of growing things like rice, wheat or vegetables which contains pesticides. Water, air, soil is being polluted due to different human behaviour, which causes interfere with human health. According to Ayurvedic point of view, there are different types of poison like Sthavar Visha, Jangam Visha, Gara Visha, Dushi Visha. So, after taking such poison shows harmful effect in human health which leads different kinds of diseases to death. So, to protect from such kinds of poisoning Ayurveda has mentioned different types of detoxifying (antidotes) Dravyas that helps to diminish or destroy the poisonous effect in human body. Aacharya Charak has mentioned ten Vishaghna Kashaya named as Vishaghna Mahakashaya. Among them Haridra is one. Haridra which belongs to Vishaghna Gana has Ruksha, Laghu Guna, with Tikta, Katu Rasa, with Katu Veepaka, and Ushna Virya with Kapha Vata Shamak properties. Haridra show detoxifying activity with anti-inflammatory, anti-bactericidal, anti-fungal, anticarcinogenic effect.

14

Authors: Amit Man Joshi1, Sirjana Shrestha2 , Ram Adhar Yadav3 , Ruby Bajracharya4 and Jitendra Shrestha

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a growing public health concern in the Southeast Asia region (SEAR) , where more than 87.6 million people are living with diabetes. Gymnema sylvestre (Gurmar) , a medicinal herb, is commonly used as herbal medicine to treat diabetes. Objectives: The present study was aimed to examine the effect of Gymnema sylvestre (G. sylvestre) among patients diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Nepal. Materials and Methods: The present study was an open-label uncontrolled clinical trial. Eligible participants were patients aged 30 to 60 years and diagnosed with T2DM. A total of 43 eligible participants were supplemented with 6 gm of G. sylvestre, daily for 4 weeks during the study period. Anthropometric and biochemical variables were evaluated by comparing data at baseline and at 4 weeks after starting treatment using chi-square and student's t- test. Results: There was a decrease in the fasting and post-prandial glucose levels of the participants by 19.3% and 16.7%, after treatment with G. sylvestre, respectively. There were no significant changes observed in other clinical variables before and after treatment with G sylvestre. Conclusion: This study suggests that the use of G sylvestre leaf has a potential hypoglycemic action in patients with T2DM. However, further studies are needed to confirm the beneficial effect of G sylvestre in T2DM.

19

Authors: Ankesh Sharma, Saroj Parhate2 , K S Karbhal3 and Anil Kumar

Kupipakva rasayana are unique pharmaceutical procedure where in the medicinal preperation shuddha Parada, shuddha Gandhaka and any of other rasadravya (metals and minerals) paka is done by giving agni into gradual increase in temperature for specific time in a Kacha Kupi (glass bottle) resulting in rasayana effect, so it is called Kupipakva Rasayana. Kupipakva Rasayana kalpana have always been known for their absolute potency and quick in action even in smaller dosage. These formulations have wide range of therapeutic utility. Rasasindura is a one among basic most common preparation used as kupipakva Rasayana. This is largely produced and marketed by pharmaceutical companies, because of its sukshma and Tikhshna guna it has strong penetrating power to reach the pathological site quick in action, required minimal therapeutic dose, easy to administration and longer stability. They are having more potent compare to pure herbal preparation.